A validation assessment of Annual National Land Cover Database (NLCD) CONUS Collection 1.0 Annual Land Cover products (1985–2023) for the Conterminous United States (CONUS) was conducted with an independently collected reference dataset. Reference data land cover attributes were assigned by trained interpreters for each year of the time series (1984–2023) to a reference sample of 8,360 Landsat resolution (30m x 30m) pixels. The Annual NLCD and reference dataset labels for each pixel location are displayed here for each year, 1985–2023.