The dataset documents results from particle size analysis (PSA) and portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) analysis conducted on a suite of sediment samples from U.S. Army Base Fort Drum, Jefferson County, New York. Samples denoted by "FD24-Sed" were collected to obtain representative samples of surficial geologic map units, and samples denoted by "FTD-WS-MW" were collected during a collaborative vibrasonic coring campaign with contractors as part of a Fort Drum Environmental Division project. Laboratory work was conducted using sediment analysis instrumentation housed in the Bascom Laser Diffraction Sedimentology Laboratory at the U.S. Geological Survey in Reston, Virginia. Samples were first wet sieved at #230 mesh (63 µm) to determine relative percentages of fine and coarse material. PSA was conducted using dry sieve analysis for samples mainly comprised of coarse material (i.e., sands); several samples were sieved at 1/4 phi intervals for investigative purposes while the remaining samples were sieved at 1/2 phi intervals for general classification. The remaining (finer) samples underwent laser diffraction PSA using a Beckman Coulter LS 13 320 XR particle size analyzer. pXRF analysis was conducted on representative subsamples from each original (unprocessed) sample using a Bruker S1 Titan instrument. This work is a collaboration with the Fort Drum Environmental Division and was funded by the National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program.