This dataset includes eighteen years of emissions and sequestration estimates (2005-2022) in two separate tables. Table 1 includes the greenhouse gas emissions from the combustion and extraction of fossil fuels on Federal mineral lands. Table 2 is the emissions and sequestration from ecosystem processes on Federal surface lands. The fossil fuel related estimates include the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O), and the ecosystems estimates include only CO2. The results are presented by State and year, including the Pacific and Gulf offshore areas in the fossil fuel associated estimates, and only the conterminous United States for ecosystems. In addition to total emissions, the estimates are broken into categories by the sector of the economy where the combustion or extraction related emissions occurred or the biologic process being quantified. Combined net emissions calculations, a measure of the difference between emissions and sequestration are also included. All estimates are based on public and proprietary data provided from various Federal agencies.