As part of the Coastal Sediment Availability and Flux and Defense Advanced Research Protection Agency (DARPA) Reefense projects, scientists from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center (SPCMSC) conducted a nearshore geophysical survey to map and characterize the stratigraphy of back-barrier bays near Panama City, Florida (FL) in June 2022. This data release serves as an archive of sediment vibracores collected from St. Andrew Bay, April 23–27, 2023. Sediment vibracore and lithology data provide assessments on the composition and age of sediments below the seafloor. This information can provide information about sub-seafloor structure that can inform the siting and assess the stability of artificial and natural oyster reef structures that will be placed on the seafloor during the Reefense project’s later phases.