In 2022, publication and data linkages were evaluated using two methods in an effort to understand how a data citation workflow has been implemented by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) since the 2016 USGS instructional memorandum, Public Access to Results of Federally Funded Research at the U.S. Geological Survey: Scholarly Publications and Digital Data (USGS OSQI, 2016), went into effect, requiring USGS data be assigned a DOI, be accompanied by a citation, and be referenced from the associated publication (USGS OSQI, 2017). This data release includes data and publication structural metadata results retrieved from the USGS DOI Tool and Crossref APIs and Jupyter notebooks used to process and analyze the results.