This data release documents the steps performed to create classified cropland fallow maps for the Northern Great Plains region of the United States from the years 2010 to 2019. The data release consists of the following: (i) an XML metadata file, (ii) a table of reference data (iii) two decision tree models, and (iv) 10 single band GeoTIFFs. The XML file named ‘Metadata.xml’ describes steps that were used to create this dataset. The table of reference data named ‘RefrenceSamples.csv’ list the training and validation point values used to train the decision tree classifiers and preform accuracy assessments. The two decision trees named ‘decisionTree_0.005.txt’ and ‘decisionTree_0.007.txt’ were used to classify remote sensing imagery to produce the classified cropland fallow maps. Ten GeoTIFFs named ‘nPlains_ACFAv1_2010.tif’ to ‘nPlains_ACFAv1_2019.tif’ contains the classified maps for each year with the first image for year 2010 and the last image for 2019. The classification for each image follows: 0 is non-cropland; 1 is cropland; 2 is cropland fallow.