Soil data were collected from catchments of USGS edge-of-field (EOF) monitoring sites in Great Lakes Restoration Initiative (GLRI) priority watersheds. As part of this release, soil data from 2016 through 2019 are provided from 14 sites spanning 5 Great Lake States (Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, and New York). The data collected are from private farms representing a variety of agronomic systems, landscapes settings, soil types, and climate regimes. These data can be used to investigate relationships among microbial properties (e.g. soil microbial biomass, activity, diversity, and enzymes), general soil structure (e.g. bulk density, soil aggregate structure, soil water holding capacity, soil texture, and infiltration rates), soil resources (e.g. organic matter, reactive carbon, total carbon, nitrogen, water extractable phosphorus, cations), and exported resources (e.g. runoff volume, phosphorus loads). Water quality data, site descriptions, and management are provided in a companion data release (Komiskey and others, 2021).