Addison, Jason A. 20250228 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20243 American Geophysical Union Addison, J. A., Finney, B. P., Jaeger, J. M., Stoner, J. S., Norris, R. D., & Hangsterfer, A. 2013. Integrating satellite observations and modern climate measurements with the recent sedimentary record: An example from Southeast Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(7), 3444-3461. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20243. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.980873 Marine sediment core EW0408-33JC (57.162°N, 135.357°W, 146 m water depth) was recovered from Katlian Bay, a temperate fjord near Sitka, Alaska, in August 2004. EW0408-33JC is the jumbo piston core collected from the same site as EW0408-32MC, which was described in Addison et al. (2013; hereafter referred to as A13). This data release describes the most recent 2,000 years of EW0408-33JC, as established by a combination of radiometric 137Cs and excess 210Pb (see A13), and five accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C samples (see Table DR1). After calibrating these AMS 14C samples using the INTCAL20 curve (Reimer et al., 2020) in CALIB 8.20 (Stuvier and Reimer, 1993), the full set of geochronology data was input into the R software program (R Core Team, 2021) package CLAM (v. 2.6.1; Blaauw et al., 2010) to generate a composite age-depth model for EW0408-33JC data. The composite depth scale was established using Geotek multi-sensor core logger (MSCL) data and linescan imagery to align EW0408-32MC, EW0408-33JC, and the trigger core for the jumbo piston core system EW0408-33TC. The MSCL data (gamma-ray wet bulk density and whole-round magnetic susceptibility) and linescans showed that EW0408-32JC recovered the sediment-water interface (see A13 for more details), and that a shift of +33 cm was needed to align EW0408-33TC with the datum of -32MC, and a shift of +54 cm was required to align EW0408-33JC; together, these alignments permitted the generation of a continuous composite depth scale from 0 cm (= sediment-water interface) to 553 cm bsf (below sea floor), which is the composite depth horizon associated with 2000 years ago. Scanning X-ray fluorometry (XRF) data were collected from the split surfaces of cores EW0408-32MC, -32TC, and -33JC (see A13 for analytical details). Using the composite depth scale and alignment of the XRF data from the three cores, a continuous XRF data splice was generated. This splice uses the following depth horizons: 0-27 cm bsf in EW0408-32MC; 27.2-65.0 cm bsf in -33TC; and >65.0 cm bsf in -33JC. This data release specifically focuses on the scanning XRF datasets for bromine (Br) and chlorine (Cl), as the Br/Cl ratio has been shown to reflect variations in primary productivity (A13; Table DR2). In addition to the raw counts per second units for Br and Cl, statistical calculations are also included: the geometric mean of all X-ray counts, which is in turn used to calculate the centered natural-log-ratio (clr) transformations of both Br and Cl. The resulting clr Br / clr Cl ratio is calculated, and a two-part linear background is removed from the dataset to correct for sediment compaction (see A13 for more details). The detrended clr Br / clr Cl data are presented in their native format, as well as being normalized to Z-scores; raw and 10-yr multi-pass smoothed data are included in this data release. A multi-decadal (40-yr) variance calculation is also included. References: Addison, J. A., Finney, B. P., Jaeger, J. M., Stoner, J. S., Norris, R. D., & Hangsterfer, A. 2013. Integrating satellite observations and modern climate measurements with the recent sedimentary record: An example from Southeast Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(7), 3444-3461. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20243. Blaauw, M. 2010. Methods and code for 'classical' age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary Geochronology 5: 512-518 R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Reimer P, et al. 2020. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41. Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P.J. 1993. Radiocarbon, 35, 215-230. Marine sediment core geochronology and geochemistry data for use in reconstructing ancient marine ecosystem primary productivity in coastal Southeast Alaska Datasets are analyses from a marine sediment core recovered from Katlain Bay, a fjord in the Tongass National Forest of Southeast Alaska, USA. 20031023 ground condition Complete None planned Pacific Ocean, Katlian Bay, Alaska -135.3571000 -135.3570000 57.1621000 57.1620000 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None Marine sediment USGS Thesaurus ocean processes chemical analysis unconsolidated deposits bromine chlorine x-ray fluorescence USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:fe7c3edb-921d-41da-9135-ecb98b71f844 Common geographic areas Northeast Pacific Tongass National Forest None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Jason A Addison U.S. Geological Survey Research Geologist mailing and physical

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Moffett Field CA 94035 USA 650-439-2937 jaddison@usgs.gov Finney, B. P.; Jaeger, J. M.; Stoner, J. S.; Norris, R. D.; & Hangsterfer, A. OS used to produce data is Windows 11 Enterprise v.23H2 Files included in this data release include: Table_DR1_Age_Control.csv [1 kb] Table_DR2_XRF_Data.csv [427 kb] Table_DR3_NPP_XRF_data.csv [5 kb] Table_DR1_Age_Control.csv includes measures of uncertainty as part of standard reporting of age control points. Measures of accuracy for Table_DR2_XRF_Data.csv are reported in literature source Addison et al. (2013) in Section 2.5. For Table_DR3_NPP_XRF_data.csv, see original data sources cited in Section 2.2 of Addison et al. (2013). n/a n/a n/a n/a The cores considered in this data release were collected by the R/V Maurice Ewing in September 2004. EW0408-32MC, -33TC, and -33 JC were collected using the Oregon State University (OSU) multicore rig, trigger core system, and jumbo piston coring system, respectively, in Katlian Bay, Alaska. EW0408-32MC is 38 cm long, 33TC is 71 cm long, and 33JC is 1819 cm long (divided into 16 sections). Following retrieval, all cores were analyzed shipboard using a GEOTEK Multi-Sensor Core Logger (MSCL) at 1 cm intervals. The cores were then split, lithologies described, and linescan images were collected using the MSCL GEOSCAN 3-CCD camera, which yielded RGB images with a pixel resolution of 100 pixels/cm. 137Cs and excess 210Pb data for EW0408-32MC has been presented previously (Walinsky et al., 2009), with minimum detectable activity limits of 0.15 dpm per g for 137Cs. All EW0408 cores are archived at the OSU Marine and Geology Repository. This data release describes the most recent 2,000 years of the composite EW0408-32MC, -33TC, and 33-JC sediment core set, as established by a combination of radiometric 137Cs and excess 210Pb (see A13), and five accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C samples (see Table DR1). After calibrating these AMS 14C samples using the INTCAL20 curve (Reimer et al., 2020) in CALIB 8.20 (Stuvier and Reimer, 1993), the full set of geochronology data was input into CLAM (v. 2.6.1; Blaauw et al., 2010) to generate a composite age-depth model for EW0408-33JC data. Age-depth modeling was performed using the R software program (R Core Team, 2021) and the CLAM package (v.2.6.1; Blaauw, 2010), which used the 2-sigma calibration range of each date with weighting by calibrated probabilities, 10,000 Monte Carlo-style iterations, and calendar age point estimates for depths that were based on the weighted average of all non-reversing age-depth curves. Semiquantitative geochemical data were collected on u-channel samples from EW0408-32MC, -33TC, and -33JC using an Avaatech XRF core scanner (Richter et al., 2006) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography. The u-channel surfaces were lightly scraped to expose a less oxidized layer of sediment and then covered with 4-micron thick SPEXCertiPrep Ultralene foil to prevent excess drying or contamination of the sediments during analysis as the XRF sensor moved downcore. Both cores were analyzed at 10, 30, and 50 keV energies for 10, 20, and 30 seconds, respectively, where the 10 keV energy level was used to detect the elements Al through Fe, 30 keV was used for Cu to Bi, and 50 keV measured Cd to Ba. A thick Cu filter and a Pd filter were placed in front of the Rh X-ray source for the 30 and 50 keV scans, respectively, to limit the lower energy bremsstrahlung and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Measurement slit size for the EW0408-33JC core set was 10 x 2 mm. Post-processing followed steps described in Addison et al. (2013). References: Addison, J.A., Finney, B.P., Jaeger, J.M., Stoner, J.S., Norris, R.D. and Hangsterfer, A., 2013. Integrating satellite observations and modern climate measurements with the recent sedimentary record: An example from Southeast Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(7), pp.3444-3461. Blaauw, M. 2010. Methods and code for 'classical' age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences. Quaternary Geochronology 5: 512-518 Stuiver, M., and Reimer, P.J. 1993. Extended 14C data base and revised CALIB 3.0 14C age calibration program. Radiocarbon, 35, 215-230. R Core Team (2021). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. Reimer P, et al. 2020. The IntCal20 Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon age calibration curve (0-55 cal kBP). Radiocarbon 62. doi: 10.1017/RDC.2020.41. Richter, T. O., S. Van Der Gaast, B. Koster, A. Vaars, R. Gieles, H. De Stigter, H. De Haas, and T. C. E. Van Weering, 2006. The Avaatech XRF Core Scanner: Technical description and applications to NE Atlantic sediments, in New Techniques in Sediment Core Analysis, edited by R. G. Rothwell, pp. 39–50, Geol. Soc. of London Special Publications, London, U. K. Walinsky, S. E., F. G. Prahl, A. C. Mix, B. P. Finney, J. M. Jaeger, and G. P. Rosen (2009), Distribution and composition of organic matter in surface sediments of coastal southeast Alaska, Cont. Shelf Res., 29(13), 1565–1579, doi:10.1016/j.csr.2009.04.006. 20130717 Table_DR1_Age_Control.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined EW0408-33JC_sample_depth_cm Sample depth of age control points from EW0408-33JC Producer Defined Sample depths and/or depth ranges to account for thick samples (e.g., >= 1 cm thick) Composite_depth_cm_bsf Composite depth scale generated for EW0408-32MC / 33TC / 33JC that aligns the three cores to a common datum (the sediment-water interface recovered at the top of EW0408-32MC) Producer Defined 0 674 cm bsf Material Sample materials that were analyzed to generate age-control points Producer Defined Sediment-water interface (EW0408-32MC) Vertical datum that anchors the composite depth scale; clear-water SWI was recovered in 32MC. Producer defined Steady-state accumulation of 137Cs and excess 210Pb (0.5±0.1 cm/yr) Maximum depth of penetration of excess 210Pb in 32MC. See Addison et al. (2013) for further details. Producer defined Wood fragment AMS 14C sample(s) Producer defined Wood fragments and terrestrial organics AMS 14C sample(s) Producer defined Reported_14C_age_yrsBP Measured 14C value from AMS laboratory Producer Defined - Not Applicable / Not Measured Producer defined - Not Applicable / Not Measured. Producer defined 500 measured 14C age Producer defined 1155 measured 14C age Producer defined 1685 measured 14C age Producer defined 2025 measured 14C age Producer defined 2450 measured 14C age Producer defined 14C_error_yrs Measured uncertainty from AMS laboratory Producer Defined - Not Applicable / Not Measured Producer defined - Not Applicable / Not Measured. Producer defined 30 measured 14C age error Producer defined 35 measured 14C age error Producer defined 2-sigma_INTCAL20_calibrated_range_cal_yrs_BP INTCAL20 calibrated 2-sigma ranges for samples in units "calibrated years before present" units Producer Defined -54 (AD 2004) Date corresponds to sediment-water interface recovery in EW0408-32MC, which is the date of collection (AD 2004 = -54 cal yrs BP) Producer defined 0-30 (AD 1920-1950) Calculated age range in cal yrs BP format using excess 210Pb accumulation rate of 0.5 +/- 0.1 cm per year, rounded to the nearest decade. Producer defined 501-550 INTCAL20 calibrated 2-sigma age range of wood sample Producer defined 960-1176 INTCAL20 calibrated 2-sigma age range of wood sample Producer defined 1524-1694 INTCAL20 calibrated 2-sigma age range of wood sample Producer defined 1846-2052 INTCAL20 calibrated 2-sigma age range of wood sample Producer defined 2360-2703 INTCAL20 calibrated 2-sigma age range of wood sample Producer defined Min_age_cal_yrs_BP 2-sigma INTCAL20 calibrated minimum age estimate for sample Producer Defined -59 2360 calibrated years before present Max_age_cal_yrs_BP 2-sigma INTCAL20 calibrated maximum age estimate for sample Producer Defined -49 2703 calibrated years before present Median_age_cal_yrs_BP Median age from 2-sigma INTCAL20 calibrated ranges, as calculated by CALIB v.8.2 Producer Defined -54 2521 calibrated years before present Age_uncertainty_yrs Age uncertainty as calculated from the midpoint of the min-max INTCAL20 age ranges. Producer Defined 5.0 171.5 calibrated years before present AMS_14C_laboratory Source laboratory of 14C measurement Producer Defined - Not applicable Producer defined - Not applicable Producer defined LLNL-CAMS Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory - Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Producer defined UC-Irvine University of California - Irvine Producer defined Lab_ID_number Sample ID number, as assigned from source 14C laboratory Producer Defined - Not applicable Producer defined - Not applicable Producer defined WW9464 sample ID number assigned by LLNL-CAMS Producer defined 50816 sample ID number assigned by UC-Irvine Producer defined 127767 sample ID number assigned by LLNL-CAMS Producer defined WW9465 sample ID number assigned by LLNL-CAMS Producer defined WW9466 sample ID number assigned by LLNL-CAMS Producer defined Reference Literature reference for previously published age control points Producer Defined - Not previously published Producer defined Addison et al., 2013 Addison, J. A., Finney, B. P., Jaeger, J. M., Stoner, J. S., Norris, R. D., & Hangsterfer, A. 2013. Integrating satellite observations and modern climate measurements with the recent sedimentary record: An example from Southeast Alaska. Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 118(7), 3444-3461. doi:10.1002/jgrc.20243. Producer defined - Not previously published Producer defined Table_DR2_XRF_Data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined EW0408_sediment_core_ID Source core for scanning XRF data Producer Defined 32MC-02 EW0408-32MC-02 Producer defined 33TC EW0408-33TC Producer defined 33JC, Sect 01 Section 1 of EW0408-33JC Producer defined 33JC, Sect 02 Section 2 of EW0408-33JC Producer defined 33JC, Sect 03 Section 3 of EW0408-33JC Producer defined 33JC, Sect 04 Section 4 of EW0408-33JC Producer defined 33JC, Sect 05 Section 5 of EW0408-33JC Producer defined Composite_depth_cmbsf Composite depth scale that uses the core top of EW0408-32MC as the sediment-water interface (datum = 0) and applies a +33 cm offset to 33TC and a +54 cm offset to 33JC to align all three cores using common multi-sensor core logger data trends. See abstract for more information. Producer Defined 0.2 553.0 centimeters below sea floor Age_YrCE Age-depth model for scanning XRF data, using CLAM output for converting composite depths to time. See abstract for more details. Producer Defined 12.27 2003.81 Year CE Br_cps Raw bromine (Br) X-ray counts per second, directly from Avaatech core scanning XRF instrument Producer Defined 68.1 179.4 Counts per second Cl_cps Raw chlorine (Cl) X-ray counts per second, directly from Avaatech core scanning XRF instrument Producer Defined 2872.1 5046.3 Counts per second GeoMean Geometric mean of all measured cps measurements analyzed by scanning XRF. See Addison et al. (2013) for more details Producer Defined 87.614 139.037 Counts per second clr_Br Centered log-ratio transformed Br, calculated by dividing column "Br_cps" by corresponding value in "GeoMean", and then applying a natural logarithm transformation. Producer Defined -0.49809 0.55193 clr_Cl Centered log-ratio transformed Cl, calculated by dividing column "Cl_cps" by corresponding value in "GeoMean", and then applying a natural logarithm transformation. Producer Defined 3.2633 3.8226 clr_Br_/_clr_Cl Centered-log-ratio-transformed Br/Cl ratio. Serves as a proxy for marine organic matter concentrations. See Addison et al., 2013 for further details. Producer Defined -0.13966 0.15105 Linear_background Two-part linear regression applied to the clr_Br_/_clr_Cl column. Regression #1 extends from 0.2 to 69.0 cm bsf, and regression #2 ranges between 69.2 to 553.0 cm bsf. See abstract for additional details. Producer Defined -0.05141 0.11608 Detrended_clr_Br_/_clr_Cl Resulting detrended clr Br / clr Cl ratio, after removing background linear trends calculated in column "Linear_background". Producer Defined -0.091799 0.091259 10yr_Smooth_Det_clrBr/clrCl Multi-pass moving average 10-yr smoothed curve applied to column "Detrended_clr_Br_/_clr_Cl". Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.042879 0.03689 Z_score Z-scores calculated from column "Detrended_clr_Br_/_clr_Cl", where each value is standardized to a population zero mean and unit variation. Producer Defined -4.223 4.1982 10yr_Smooth_Zscore Multi-pass moving average 10-yr smoothed curve applied to column "Z-score". Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -1.9725 1.697 40yr_variance Multi-decadal (40yr) variance of the column "Z_score". Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.1514 2.2935 Table_DR3_NPP_XRF_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Yr_CE Years (Common Era) in annual time-steps Producer Defined 1922 2010 years Modeled_NPP Modeled net primary productivity [see Equations 1 & 2 in Addison et al., (2013)] Producer Defined 782.17 989.56 mg C · m-2 · day-1 Smooth_NPP Multi-pass 5 point moving average smoothing curve of column "Modeled_NPP". Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 825.21 911.03 mg C · m-2 · day-1 Zscore_det_clrBr/clrCl Annually interpolated Z-scores of detrended clr Br / clr Cl from Table DR2. This data is very similar to column "Z_score" in Table DR2, except it's been interpolated to the same time-step as the "Modeled_NPP" column in Table DR3. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -1.3139 1.5276 10yr_smooth_Zscore Multi-pass moving average 10-yr smoothed curve applied to column "Z-score" in Table DR2, except that it's been interpolated to the same annual time-step as column "Modeled_NPP" in Table DR3. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.712 0.7939 Jason A Addison USGS - SOUTHWEST REGION Research Geologist mailing and physical

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Moffett Field CA 94035 USA 650-439-2937 jaddison@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.980873 None 20250203 Jason A Addison U.S. Geological Survey Research Geologist mailing and physical

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Geology, Minerals, Energy, & Geophysics Science Center

Moffett Field CA 94035 USA 650-439-2937 jaddison@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999