Bradford Butman
P.S. Dalyander
M.H. Bothner
Jonathan Borden
M.A. Casso
B.T. Gutierrez
M.E. Hastings
F.L. Lightsom
M.A. Martini
E.T. Montgomery
R.R. Rendigs
W.S. Strahle
2009
Long-Term Oceanographic Monitoring in Massachusetts Bay (1989-2006) for Assessment of the Transport and Fate of Sediments and Associated Contaminants
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA
U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program
http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/mbay_lt.html
Long-term oceanographic observations made in western Massachusetts Bay at long-term site LT-A (42 degrees 22.6 minutes N., 70 degrees 47.0 minutes W.; nominal water depth 32 meters) from December 1989 through February 2006 and long-term site B LT-B (42 degrees 9.8 minutes N., 70 degrees 38.4 minutes W.; nominal water depth 22 meters) from October 1997 through February 2004 are presented here. The observations were collected as part of a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) study designed to understand the transport and long-term fate of sediments and associated contaminants in Massachusetts Bay. The observations include time-series measurements of current, temperature, salinity, light transmission, pressure, oxygen, fluorescence, and sediment-trapping rate. About 160 separate mooring or tripod deployments were made on about 90 research cruises to collect these long-term observations. This report presents a description of the 17-year field program and the instrumentation used to make the measurements, an overview of the data set, more than 2,500 pages of statistics and plots that summarize the data, and the digital data in Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) format.
This research was conducted by the USGS in cooperation with the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority and the U.S. Coast Guard. For more information on the field operations associated with data collection: http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1989-035-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1990-002-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1990-016-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1990-041-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1991-005-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1991-016-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1991-036-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1992-002-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1992-008-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1992-026-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1992-029-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1992-032-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1993-002-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1993-003-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1993-011-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1993-024-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1993-031-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1994-015-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1994-019-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1994-022-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1994-035-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1994-040-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1995-017-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1995-022-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1995-032-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1995-035-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1995-038-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1995-039-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1996-007-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1996-012-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1996-019-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1996-023-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1996-049-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1997-015-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1997-016-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1997-017-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1997-029-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1997-043-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1997-044-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1998-011-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1998-019-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1998-028-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1998-044-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1999-007-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1999-008-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1999-009-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1999-021-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=1999-040-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-002-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-003-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-004-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-048-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-062-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-066-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2000-085-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-022-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-023-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-024-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-051-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-061-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-068-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-069-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-080-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-085-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2001-086-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-026-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-044-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-045-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-046-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-048-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-056-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2002-064-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2003-028-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2003-031-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2003-057-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2004-016-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2004-023-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2004-026-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2004-032-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2004-065-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2005-003-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2005-022-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2005-023-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2005-025-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2005-038-FA http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/ia/public_ds_info.php?fa=2003-003-FA
The long-term oceanographic observations were designed to understand the transport and long-term fate of sediments and associated contaminants in Massachusetts Bay. Site LT-A is located approximately 1 km south of the new ocean outfall that began discharging treated sewage effluent from the Boston metropolitan area into Massachusetts Bay on September 6, 2000. Site LT-B is located about 28 km southeast of the new outfall in the direction of the mean current in Massachusetts Bay. The observations document sediment resuspension and transport, and seasonal and inter-annual changes in currents, hydrography, and suspended-matter concentration. They also provide observations for testing numerical models of circulation and transport.
This dataset contains more than 500 files providing the observations collected from December 1989 through February 2006. The background and experimental setup are described in the open file report "Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Massachusetts Bay, 1989-2006", on line at: http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/74/. The locations, deployment depths, sensor type and parameters measured during the deployment are presented by site in the table displayed by the Basic Sampling Interval links (http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/mbay_lt-a.html and http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/mbay_ltb-a.html). The basic sampling interval data files are provided at the rate at which the sensor made observations- no temporal averaging, filtering or subsampling was done. Hourly averaged and low pass filtered data are also available for some files. The data files are available for download by clicking the file name in the table or via OPeNDAP and THREDDS at http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/opendap/MBAY_LT/ and http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/opendap/MBAY_LTB/.
1989
2006
Ground condition of data collection; Platforms were deployed with instruments at several depths for 3 to 6 months sequentially over 26 years. The duration of data in individual files is the length of the deployment, but segments can be concatenated to make a nearly continuous time-series of measurements. There may also be periods where data is missing due to sensor sensor failure.
None
-071.000000
-070.500000
+42.500000
+42.000000
USGS Metadata Identifier
USGS:ea5b7f34-84aa-4720-aa9f-fb290088d507
None
Oceanographic observations
Current
Temperature
Salinity
Light transmission
Beam attenuation
Pressure
Sediment-trapping rate
Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP)
Oxygen
Fluorescence
1989-035-FA
1990-002-FA
1990-016-FA
1990-041-FA
1991-005-FA
1991-016-FA
1991-036-FA
1992-002-FA
1992-008-FA
1992-026-FA
1992-029-FA
1992-032-FA
1993-002-FA
1993-003-FA
1993-011-FA
1993-024-FA
1993-031-FA
1994-015-FA
1994-019-FA
1994-022-FA
1994-035-FA
1994-040-FA
1995-017-FA
1995-022-FA
1995-032-FA
1995-035-FA
1995-038-FA
1995-039-FA
1996-007-FA
1996-012-FA
1996-019-FA
1996-023-FA
1996-049-FA
1997-015-FA
1997-016-FA
1997-017-FA
1997-029-FA
1997-043-FA
1997-044-FA
1998-011-FA
1998-019-FA
1998-028-FA
1998-044-FA
1999-007-FA
1999-008-FA
1999-009-FA
1999-021-FA
1999-040-FA
2000-002-FA
2000-003-FA
2000-004-FA
2000-048-FA
2000-062-FA
2000-066-FA
2000-085-FA
2001-022-FA
2001-023-FA
2001-024-FA
2001-051-FA
2001-061-FA
2001-068-FA
2001-069-FA
2001-080-FA
2001-085-FA
2001-086-FA
2002-026-FA
2002-044-FA
2002-045-FA
2002-046-FA
2002-048-FA
2002-056-FA
2002-064-FA
2003-028-FA
2003-031-FA
2003-057-FA
2004-016-FA
2004-023-FA
2004-026-FA
2004-032-FA
2004-065-FA
2005-003-FA
2005-022-FA
2005-023-FA
2005-025-FA
2005-038-FA
2006-003-FA
U.S. Geological Survey
USGS
Coastal and Marine Geology Program
CMGP
Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
WHCMSC
netCDF
ISO 19115 Topic Category
oceans
geoscientificInformation
climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere
USGS Thesaurus
navigational data
marine geophysics
None
Massachusetts Bay
Massachusetts
Boston Massachusetts
Massachusetts Water Resources Authority ocean outfall
Western Massachusetts Bay
Gulf of Maine
North America
United States
None
1989-2006
none
Public domain data are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (and any cooperators you feel should be recognized) as the originator of the dataset.
Biological fouling often degrades light transmission data after several months of deployment. Organisms grow on the transmissometer lenses and gradually block light transmission, which results in a gradual increase of the beam-attenuation coefficient. This drift occurs more quickly and is more severe at shallower depths. The attenuation data plots have not been corrected for biological fouling and should be interpreted with care.
Salinity measured by instruments on tripods during 1989-1996, were erroneously low by as much as one practical salinity unit by the end of the 4-month deployments, due to fouling of the conductivity cells. Tripod conductivity data apparently were affected by a slow, gradual build-up of a biological film on the electrodes and also occasional sudden depositions of a significant volume of material (possibly sediments) inside the measurement volume of the conductivity cell. In June 1996 (mooring 470), Sea-Bird pumps were added to the MIDAS to flush the conductivity cell prior to making a measurement, reducing the effect of deposits on the conductivity measurements. The salinity data should be used and interpreted with care.
Bradford Butman
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
U.S. Geological Survey Woods Hole Science Center 384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
Massachusetts
02543-1598
508 548-8700 x2212
bbutman@usgs.gov
For their outstanding logistical support in collecting the oceanographic data in this report, we thank crews of the U.S. Coast Guard Cutters White Heath and Marcus Hanna and their captains Michael Frias, Buddy Blackburn, Vernon Shay, Peter Boardman, Richard Foy, Thomas Dickey, and Paul Dupuis. The USGS and the USCG safely conducted more than 90 cruises to deploy and recover hundreds of individual instruments on about 160 separate moorings to obtain this long-term data set. Mike Bothner was chief scientist on the USCG cruises. Fran Lightsom, Mary Hastings, and Ellyn Montgomery processed the time-series data. William Strahle, Marinna Martini, and Jonathan Borden oversaw the preparation and deployment of the physical oceanographic instrumentation. Michael Casso and Rick Rendigs oversaw collection and analysis of the the sediment-trap data. Ben Gutierrez helped in the preparation of version 1 of this report. Dann Blackwood took many of the photographs in this report. Bob Barton, Dann Blackwood, Jon Borden, Michael Casso, Jessica Cote, Ray Davis, Peter Gill, Joe Newell, Carol Parmenter, Andre Ramsey, Rick Rendigs, Steve Ruane, and Richard Signell carried out the work at sea, ashore, and in the laboratory. Rick Rendigs, Dan Blackwood, Larry Ball, Steve Cross, and Ken Parolski aided in the successful recovery of several bottom tripod systems by diving when the primary recovery system failed. Donna Newman and Jennifer Martin did the html coding. Mike Connor, Ken Keay, Wendy Leo, Mike Mickelson, and Andrea Rex provided guidance from MWRA. Neil Ganju and Erin Twomey (USGS) provided helpful reviews of this report. Frank Marachi, captain of the fishing vessel Christopher Andrew, provided assistance and valuable local knowledge on a number of cruises. This research was partially supported by a Cooperative Research Agreement between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority and by an Interagency Support Agreement with the U.S. Coast Guard.
E.T. Montgomery
M.A. Martini
F.L. Lightsom
Bradford Butman
2009
Documentation of the U.S. Geological Survey Oceanographic Time Series Measurement Database
Open-File Report
2007-1194
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20071194
B. Butman
P.S. Dalyander
M.H. Bothner
J. Borden
M.A. Casso
B.T. Gutierrez
M.E. Hastings
F.L. Lightsom
M.A. Martini
E.T. Montgomery
R.R. Rendigs
W.S. Strahle
2009
Long-Term Oceanographic Observations in Massachusetts Bay, 1989-2006
Data Series
74
Reston, VA
U.S. Geological Survey
http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/74/
Data are logically consistent
The data have been edited to remove outlying points and data recorded when the
instruments were out of the water (before and after deployment). Data have been
removed for periods when a sensor failed.
The deployment positions were obtained from the ship's positioning system. The deployment spans
many years, so the accuracy may vary up to 20 meters for the earlier records, but are nearer 1
meter by the end of the program, given the improvement in technology over the decades.
Instruments mounted on the seafloor have depth accuracy of better than 1 meter. Mooring based
measurements will have more variability due to tides and storms and are accurate to 10m.
FIELD PROGRAM: Sequential deployments of instruments at two sites to measure ocean currents,
temperature, conductivity, turbidity light transmission and other parameters was completed between
1989 and 2006 to assess impacts of sewage discharge in Massachusetts Bay. Site A was just at 42 degrees
22.6 minutes N., 70 degrees 47.0 minutes W.; nominal water depth 32 meters. Four mooring configurations were used
during the 16-year period (1989-2006) that instruments were deployed at LT-A. The objective was
to obtain measurements of currents and water properties at three nominal depths: near-surface
(about 5 m below the surface, above the thermocline in summer); near-bottom (about 22 m, 10 m
above the bottom, below the thermocline in summer); and bottom (1-2 m above bottom). Long
-term site B (1997-2004) was at 42 degrees 9.8 minutes N., 70 degrees 38.4 minutes W.; nominal water depth 22 meters.
Observations at LT-B included temperature and conductivity at about 12 m (10 m above bottom) and
21 m (1 m above bottom), and time-series sediment trap at about 18 m (4 m above bottom). The
instruments at each site varied with what was available at the time, thus current measurements were
made at discrete depths with Vector Measuring Current Meters (VMCM) in the early years and
progressed to full water column measurements made with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP)
after 1994.
For a more complete description of the configuration, see the Field Program section of:
http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/74/.
2009
DATA PROCESSING Data processing was conducted using the proprietary
software for each instrument, and (or) specialized software developed by the
USGS. The proprietary software was often used to download data from the
instruments and export the data to ASCII-files. Post-processing of the raw
binary or ASCII files was accomplished using USGS software developed in the
MATLAB (http://www.mathworks.com/) programming language. As part of the
processing, instrument-specific formats were converted to the EPIC-standard
NetCDF format (http://www.pmel.noaa.gov/epic/) and scientific units. Data were
carefully checked for inconsistencies, time drift, and other problems and then
edited if needed. The beginning and end of each data series were truncated to
remove data collected out of water. After final editing, the best basic version
of the data file that includes all variables recorded at the basic sampling
interval (the fastest rate at which the sensor sampled) is published.
Biological fouling often degrades light transmission data after several months of deployment.
Organisms grow on the transmissometer lenses and gradually block light transmission, which results
in a gradual increase of the beam-attenuation coefficient. This drift occurs more quickly and is
more severe at shallower depths. The attenuation data plots have not been corrected for biological
fouling and should be interpreted with care.
Salinity measured by instruments on tripods during 1989-1996, were erroneously low by as much as
one practical salinity unit by the end of the 4-month deployments, due to fouling of the
conductivity cells. Tripod conductivity data apparently were affected by a slow, gradual build-up
of a biological film on the electrodes and also occasional sudden depositions of a significant
volume of material (possibly sediments) inside the measurement volume of the conductivity cell. In
June 1996 (mooring 470), Sea-Bird pumps were added to the MIDAS to flush the conductivity cell
prior to making a measurement, reducing the effect of deposits on the conductivity measurements.
The salinity data should be used and interpreted with care.
For a more complete description of the data processing, see the Data Processing section of
http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/74/.
2009
Ellyn Montgomery
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
United States
508-457-8700 x2356
emontgomery@usgs.gov
Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.32 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). The links to the experiment page had to be fixed in the Identification_Information section and the Distribution_Information section. Fixed the online link to a cross-reference. Removed special characters in the text. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent.
20160712
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Rd.
Woods Hole
MA
02543
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
An error was fixed in one of the originator names.
20180129
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section.
20180720
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword.
20200908
U.S. Geological Survey
VeeAnn A. Cross
Marine Geologist
Mailing and Physical
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
508-548-8700 x2251
508-457-2310
vatnipp@usgs.gov
Ellyn Montgomery
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
United States
508-457-8700 x2356
emontgomery@usgs.gov
Downloadable Data available from http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/mbay_lt.html.
Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor
any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or
implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy,
completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process
disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The
act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is
assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade,
product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement
by the U.S. Government.
netCDF
http://stellwagen.er.usgs.gov/mbay_lt.html
None.
The user's computer must have software to read netCDF files or import OPeNDAP.
20220707
Ellyn T. Montgomery
U.S. Geological Survey
mailing and physical address
384 Woods Hole Road
Woods Hole
MA
02543-1598
United States
(508) 457-8700 x2356
whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov
The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid.
FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
local time