U.S. Geological Survey Coastal and Marine Geology Program 2013 tab-delimited ASCII text files St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/757/data/m77t/a194yb.m77t Heather A. Schreppel Carolyn H. Degnan Dan R. Metzger Shawn V. Dadisman 2013 1.0 Digital Document U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 757 St. Petersburg, FL U.S. Geological Survey http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/757 Single-beam bathymetry data along with GPS navigation data was collected as part of the U.S. Geological Survey cruise A-1-94-YB. The cruise was conducted in Yakutat Bay and Yakutat Sea Valley, Alaska from August 5 to August 8, 1994. The chief scientists were Paul Carlson, Rob Kayen from the USGS Coastal and Marine Geology office in Menlo Park, CA and Ellen Cowan (Appalachian State University) and Ross Powell(North Illinois University). The purpose of this cruise was to study Hi-Res seismic facies to interpret glacial fluctuations in Gulf of Alaska region. The geophysical source was a 12 kilohertz (kHz) echosounder. These data are reformatted from space-delimited ASCII text files located in the Coastal and Marine Geology Program (CMGP) InfoBank field activity catalog at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/a/a194yb/html/a-1-94-yb.meta.html into MGD77T format provided by the NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center(NGDC). The MGD77T format includes a header (documentation) file (.h77t) and a data file (.m77t). More information regarding this format can be found in the publication listed in the Cross_reference section of this metadata file. These data and information are intended for science researchers,students, policy makers, and general public. These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. The data are reformatted into MGD77T standard format for inclusion into NOAA's NGDC geophysical database. From there the data will be made available to GeoMapApp (http://www.geomapapp.org/) and Virtual Ocean (http://www.virtualocean.org/) Earth-browsing software. Access to the data is also provided via the USGS Coastal and Marine Geoscience Data System (http://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/). The navigation data are digitally collected using a Global Positioning System (GPS). The GPS is a space-based satellite navigation system maintained by the United States government and is accessible using a GPS receiver. Data accuracy is based on individual receiver models, and most GPS data are collected in the WGS84 horizontal datum. The Data Acquisition, Processing, and Storage (DAPS) group performs a number of processing steps to the navigation data once it is collected which can vary by cruise. These steps are outlined within the header information in each individual digital navigation (.0xx, .6xx) space-delimited ASCII data file. The header information rows are indicated by lines beginning with the character "!". The single-beam bathymetry data are collected both digitally and as analog records with a 12 kHz echosounder. The bathymetry datasets were commonly processed using three programs: (A) Batred, which calculates depth from travel times; (B) nosamebathy, which eliminates identical adjacent bathymetry values; and (C) nozerobathy, which removes records with a depth value of "0.0". However, not all of the datasets included in this report were processed with one or more of these programs. If the data was not run through these programs it was reformatted using the most recent "best file" on InfoBank, often these were categorized by InfoBank as raw bathymetry files. Details about which processing steps were taken by the DAPS group can be found in the header information of the bathymetry and navigation ASCII files downloaded from InfoBank. Prior to reformatting the data into MGD77T format the "best" bathymetry and navigation files from InfoBank were edited to remove the header information and reformatted using Excel 2010 to separate the data into columns based on tabs. Next the bathymetry and navigation files were merged based on time and latitude and longitude. The combined navigation and bathymetry was saved as a .txt file. This combined bathymetry and navigation file was used as an input file into the GEODAS ReFormat to MDG77T program developed by NOAA's NGDC. The program outputs the reformatted data as a tab-delimited .m77t file. The program is available for use at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/gdas/gx_announce.Html. For information regarding fields found within the MGD77T files, please refer to the publication, Hittelman and others (2010), found within the Cross-reference section of this metadata file. Each MGD77T data file also has an accompanying header file (.h77t). The fields within these header files are also defined in the aforementioned publication. Fields are populated based on InfoBank metadata records, digital data file headers, and accompanying publications (often cruise reports) for the survey. If a field is unknown or did not apply to the dataset it is intentionally left blank. 19940805 19940808 ground condition Complete None planned -141.64301 -138.99983 60.03567 59.06033 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:c9d139b1-ef0c-4d33-bada-2d84e180f9a1 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificinformation oceans None Marine Geology Bathymetry Water Depth Seafloor Topography Marine Seismic Single-beam Bathymetry Data Categories for Marine Planning distributions bathymetry and elevation Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords single-beam echo sounder marine geophysics USGS Thesaurus single-beam echo sounder bathymetry measurement bathymetry marine geophysics Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Gulf of Alaska State of Alaska Yakutat Bay None. These data are held in the public domain. This information is not intended for navigational purposes. Read and fully comprehend the metadata prior to data use. Uses of these data should not violate the spatial resolution of the data. Where these data are used in combination with other data of different resolution, the resolution of the combined output will be limited by the lowest resolution of all the data. Acknowledge the U.S. Geological Survey in products derived from these data. Share data products developed using these data with the U.S. Geological Survey. Heather A. Schreppel Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to U.S. Geological Survey IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727) 803-8747, ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov Ellen Cowan (Chief Scientist, Appalachian State University); Ross Powell (Chief Scientist, North Illinois University); Paul Carlson (Chief Scientist, USGS Western Region); Rob Kayen (Chief Scientist, USGS Western Region) Hittelman, Allen M., Groman, Robert C., Haworth, Richard T., Holcombe, Troy L., McHendrie, Graig, Smith, Stuart M., and Metzger, Dan R. 2010 Boulder, CO National Geophysical Data Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 25 p. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/dat/geodas/docs/mgd77.pdf The validity or accuracy of bathymetry and navigation data is highly qualitative and depends on equipment and operating condition variables. Data quality is unknown, MGD77T files were formatted from InfoBank files identified as best available version. This data set is from one field activity with unknown instrument calibrations. Processed bathymetric depths were spot checked based on latitude and longitude against the Global Multi-Resolution Topography (GMRT) grid within GeoMapApp to ensure reasonable values. Start and end date/times of data according to DAPS group. Reasons for gaps in data varies by cruise, see InfoBank for more details. >Navigation Data (a-1-94-yb.064 [GPS]) >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST >199408051533120 199408072057020 >199408072112430 199408081714040 >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST >Bathymetry Data (a-1-94-yb.321_064) >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST >199408062105000 199408062219000 >199408062235000 199408070048000 >199408070058000 199408070339000 >199408070612000 199408070754000 >YYYYMMDDHHMMSST YYYYMMDDHHMMSST Unspecified Unspecified Below are the details about which processing steps were taken by the DAPS group that can be found in the header information of the ASCII files downloaded from InfoBank. Navigation Data >Converted to time format with year at start. > 19951205 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Carolyn H. Degnan Geophysicist mailing and physical address

USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA (831) 460-7452 (831) 427-4748 infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov Below are the details about which processing steps were taken by the DAPS group that can be found in the header information of the ASCII files downloaded from InfoBank. Bathymetry Data >10/31/1998 /lion/a/a194yb/bath/a-1-94-yb.321_064 >/bear/programs/edit/automerge/automerge > >Input was... >Converted to time format with year at start. > >ime, uncorrected depth >Input was... >Converted to time format with year at start. > >time, lat, long, time(sec) to nearest nav fix, data values 19981031 U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Coastal and Marine Geology (CMG) Carolyn H. Degnan Geophysicist mailing and physical address

USGS Pacific Coastal & Marine Science Center, 400 Natural Bridges Drive

Santa Cruz CA 95060-5792 USA (831) 460-7452 (831) 427-4748 infobank@octopus.wr.usgs.gov A navigation file identified as the best available version in InfoBank for this cruise was copied and saved as an ASCII text file to be combined with the best available bathymetry file for processing to MGD77T format. For details regarding processing steps performed on these best available files from InfoBank, please see the header information within the original files at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/ and previous processing steps. a-1-94-yb.064.txt 2012 a194ybnav.txt Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey Heather A. Schreppel IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov A bathymetry file identified as the best available version in InfoBank for this cruise was copied and saved as an ASCII text file to be combined with the best available navigation file for processing to MGD77T format. For details regarding processing steps performed on these best available files from InfoBank, please see the header information within the original files at http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/. a-1-94-yb.321_064.txt 2012 a194ybbathy.txt Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey Heather A. Schreppel IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov The best available bathymetry and navigation text files were concatenated into one tab-delimited file using Excel 2010 and several Visual Basic Applications (VBA) macros. InfoBank header information is removed and text is broken into columns and the rows are combined based on the presence of the same values in the time and latitude and longitude columns. a194ybnav.txt, a194ybbathy.txt 2012 a194yball.txt Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey Heather A. Schreppel IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov The combined bathymetry and navigation file was used as an input file into the GEODAS ReFormat to MDG77T program developed by NOAA's NGDC. The program outputs the reformatted data as a tab-delimited .m77t file. The program is available for use at: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/gdas/gx_announce.Html a194yball.txt 2012 a194yb.m77t Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey Heather A. Schreppel IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov To create the accompanying header files (.h77t), an excel spreadsheet was supplied from NGDC with already populated required field names. For information for header field requirements and definitions see: http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/dat/geodas/docs/mgd77.pdf. When creating a header file for each cruise, fields were populated in the header spreadsheet based on InfoBank metadata records, digital data file headers, and accompanying publications (often cruise reports) for the survey. If a field was unknown or did not apply to the dataset it was intentionally left blank. http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/a/a194yb/html/a-1-94-yb.fmeta.indent.html 2012 a194yb.h77t Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey Heather A. Schreppel IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA 727-803-8747 ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. 20161229 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20201013 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Yakutat Bay and Yakutat Sea Valley, Alaska from 08/05/1994 to 08/08/1994 Point Point 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.25722210100002 a194yb.m77t MGD77T geophysical data file for A194YB NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center, See Cross_Reference section above for details about the MGD77T format and citation information. SURVEY_ID Survey identifier supplied by the contributing organization NGDC This identifier varies in format and is supplied by the contributing organization TIMEZONE Time-zone correction NGDC In our datasets, no correction was applied. All values equal 0. DATE Survey Date NGDC 19940805 19940808 YYYYMMDD, (four digit year, two digit month, two digit day) TIME Time NGDC 0 2359.9167 hours and decimal minutes LAT Latitude World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System 59.06033 60.03567 decimal degrees LON Longitude World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System -141.643 -138.99983 decimal degrees POS_TYPE Indicates how lat/lon was obtained NGDC 1 Observed fix NGDC 3 Interpolated fix NGDC nil unspecified NGDC BAT_TTIME Bathymetry, 2-way travel time U.S. Geological Survey 0.056 0.32933 seconds a194yb.h77t MGD77T single-beam bathymetry header file for A-1-94-YB NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center, See Hittelman and others (2010) Cross_Reference section above for details about the MGD77T format and citation information. SURVEY_ID Survey identifier supplied by the contributing organization NGDC This identifier varies in format and is supplied by the contributing organization FORMAT_77 Format Acronym NGDC Text string description PARAMS_CO Parameters surveyed codes. NGDC Status of geophysical parameters for this survey. See Hittelman and others (2010) from the Cross_Reference section above for details. INST_SRC Source Institution NGDC Text string description COUNTRY Country NGDC Text string description PLATFORM Platform name NGDC Text string description PLAT_TYPCO Platform type code NGDC nil Unspecified NGDC 1 Surface Ship NGDC 2 Submersible Ship NGDC 3 Aircraft NGDC 4 Buoy NGDC 5 Mobile land NGDC 6 Fixed land NGDC 7 Deep tow NGDC PLAT_TYP Platform type NGDC Text string description CHIEF Chief Scientist(s) NGDC Text string description PROJECT Project, cruise, leg NGDC Text string description FUNDING funding NGDC Text string description DATE_DEP survey departure date NGDC 19770427 20000629 YYYYMMDD (four digit year, two digit month, two digit day) PORT_DEP port of departure NGDC Text string description DATE_ARR survey arrival date NGDC 19770427 20000629 YYYYMMDD (four digit year, two digit month, two digit day) PORT_ARR port of arrival NGDC Text string description NAV_INSTR navigation instrumentation NGDC Text string description POS_INFO position determination method/ geodetic datum NGDC Text string description BATH_INSTR bathymetry instrumentation NGDC Text string description BATH_ADD additional forms of bathymetry NGDC Text string description LAT_TOP Latitude World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System 16.38240 89.98766 decimal degrees LAT_BOTTOM Latitude World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System 16.38240 89.98766 decimal degrees LON_LEFT Longitude World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System 10.30551 -117.13802 decimal degrees LON_RIGHT Longitude World Geodetic System 1984 Geographic Coordinate System 10.30551 -117.13802 decimal degrees BATH_DRATE general digitizing rate of bathymetry NGDC Text string description SOUND_VEL assumed sound velocity NGDC Text string description VDATUM_CO bathymetric vertical datum NGDC In our datasets, no correction was applied. All values equal 0. Bathymetry and navigation data for U.S. Geological Survey bathymetry survey A-1-94-YB in MGD77T format. Attributes are obtained from MGD77T data files created from the navigation and bathymetry best files. MGD77T is the standard, defined data format used for geophysical data in the National Geophysical Data Center. The MGD77T format contains more attributes than defined here. Attributes that were null for this data were not included. Details about other attributes can be found in Hittelman and others (2010), see Cross_Reference section above for citation details. 20201013 Heather A. Schreppel Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, contracted to the U.S. Geological Survey IT Management Specialist/Database Support Assistant mailing and physical address

U.S. Geological Survey, 600 Fourth Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727) 803-8747, ext. 3013 hschreppel@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998