Piatt, John F. (ORCID: 0000-0002-4417-5748) Kissling, Michelle L. (ORCID: 0000-0002-5007-584X) Arimitsu, Mayumi L. (ORCID: 0000-0001-6982-2238) Douglas, David C. (ORCID: 0000-0003-0186-1104) 20210623 tabular digital data; ASCII text file Tracking Data for Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) ver 1.0, June 2021 Anchorage, Alaska U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Suggested Citation: Piatt, J.F., Kissling, M.L., Arimitsu, M.L., Douglas, D.C., 2021, Tracking data for Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) (ver 1.0, June 2021): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MMVP9I https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MMVP9I U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center 2019 website Anchorage, Alaska (USA) U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center This is a link to the publicly released wildlife tracking data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Alaska Science Center. Users will find links to tracking data from other wildlife species. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH This metadata document describes the data contained in the "Argos Raw Data" (Child Item 2) of this data release. This data release contains all data collected by the Argos System from 47 satellite transmitters attached to Kittlitz's Murrelets captured along the north Gulf of Alaska, during May-July 2009-2015. Five data files are included in the "Argos Raw Data" (Child Item 2) of this data release. Two data files (with identical content) contain the raw Argos DIAG (Diagnostic) data, one in the legacy verbose ASCII format and one in a tabular Comma Separate Value (CSV) format. Two other data files (with identical content) contain the raw Argos DS (Dispose) data, one in the legacy verbose ASCII format and one in a tabular CSV format. The fifth file, "deploymentAttributes", contains one record for each transmitter deployment in a CSV formatted table. The deployment attributes file contains information such as when the transmitter was attached to the animal, when tracking of a live animal ended, and a variety of variables describing the animal and transmitter. This table is identical to the "deploymentAttributes" table in the "Argos Processed Data" (Child Item 1) of this data release. These data were collected to better understand the timing and patterns of migratory movements of Kittlitz's Murrelets along the coast of Alaska. These raw data are provided with this data release for completeness of the archive. Quality-controlled, processed data are included in the "Argos Processed Data" (Child Item 1) of this data release and are better suited for most analytical purposes. Data users are advised to review the README and metadata documents to ensure proper use of the 'Deployment_Fate' and 'Tracking_Status' variables. Misuse or disregard of these variables could result in location data from dead animals or detached transmitters being incorrectly analyzed as data representing a live animal. Also note that, outlier values are not uncommon in the sensor data due to transmission parity errors introduced during satellite communications and no checksum values were embedded in the sensor messages to help screen for parity errors. The deployment attributes and processed tracking data in this data release are also publicly available in Movebank (www.movebank.org) under a study entitled: "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos". 20090803 20150704 observed In work As needed Coastal Alaska -174.705 -135.849 72.029 52.033 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:ASC387 ISO 19115 Topic Category Biota Environment NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus Animals/Vertebrates Birds Waders/Gulls/Auks and Allies Migratory rates/routes Species life history Telemetry USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus Migratory birds Seasonal distribution Seasonal movement Overwintering Breeding sites Capture-recapture studies Tracking equipment Tagging devices USGS Thesaurus Wildlife Ornithology Migratory species Coastal ecosystems Marine ecosystems Animal tracking None Satellite transmitter Platform Transmitter Terminal PTT Argos Kittlitz's Murrelet Brachyramphus brevirostris USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Alaska Kodiak Island Prince William Sound Icy Bay Atka Island Glacier Bay Kachemak Bay None Animals Vertebrates Birds Seabirds Kittlitz's Murrelet ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System Unknown online database online ITIS-North America Taxonomic details retrieved May 11, 2021 from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK Species were identified by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance, plumage, behavior, and vocalization. Taxonomy is completed for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected. Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Aves Order Charadriiformes Family Alcidae Genus Brachyramphus Species Brachyramphus brevirostris Kittlitz's Murrelet TSN: 176998 No access constraints. No use constraints. We request that the suggested citation of this USGS data release be included in any publications that reference or utilize these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

4210 University Drive

Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov Piatt, J.F. Douglas, D.C. Arimitsu, M.L. Kissling, M.L. Madison, E.N. Schoen, S.K. Kuletz, K.J. Drew, G.S. 2021 journal article Arctic 74(4):482-465 online Arctic Institute of North America Piatt, J.F., Douglas, D.C., Arimitsu, M.L., Kissling, M.L., Madison, E.N., Schoen, S.K., Kuletz, K.J., Drew, G.S., 2021. Kittlitz's Murrelet seasonal distribution and post-breeding migration from the Gulf of Alaska to the Arctic Ocean. Arctic 74(4):482-465, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic73992 https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic73992 All location and raw (coded) sensor data are exactly as disseminated by Service Argos. Transmission parity errors (misrepresentations of 1's and 0's introduced during earth-to-satellite communication) occur and should be expected when analyzing sensor data. No checksum values were embedded in the sensor messages to help screen for parity errors. Deployment attribute data have been cross-checked with original deployment records for accuracy. All values are consistent with animal tracking data obtained by the Argos System. Files included in this data release may contain data obtained post-mortality or post-detachment. For analyses of live free-ranging animals, care must be exercised to use only those data records collected on or before the deployment end time stamp (provided in the "deploymentAttributes" table included with the data release). Data users are additionally advised that outlier values are not uncommon in decoded sensor data due to transmission parity errors introduced during satellite communications. Blank cells indicate attributes that were not collected or not determined. These data comprise the complete set of transmissions collected by the Argos satellite system from satellite transmitters described in the "deploymentAttributes" table. Temporal gaps in the tracking data time series are intrinsic to the Argos System due to the intermittent coverage of orbiting satellites. Additional temporal gaps are often intentionally introduced by transmitting intermittently to conserve power (i.e., duty cycles). Unintentional data gaps can be introduced by many factors such as insufficient power, antenna damage, or animal behavior and habitat. The 1-sigma (68% of locations) accuracy range is 250-1500 m for 'Standard Quality' location estimates (location classes 3, 2, and 1) and is unspecified for 'Auxiliary Quality' locations estimates (location classes 0, A, B, and Z; see Argos Manual 2008 - included with this data release; Douglas et al 2012 and references therein). The Argos System provides two location estimates ('primary' and 'alternate'). The 'primary' estimate (lat_1, lon_1) is assumed to better reflect the actual PTT location, however in approximately 1-3% of Argos location estimates, the 'alternate' location (lat_2, lon_2) better reflects the actual PTT location. Note that for the processed DIAG data file (included with this data release), an algorithm has been applied that rectifies incorrect choices between the 'primary' and 'alternate' location estimate. Lab Transmissions from satellite transmitters were received by the Argos satellite system and relayed to ground based processing centers. Location estimates were derived by Argos based on Doppler principles. Final data were disseminated to the U.S. Geological Survey as text files containing location and raw (coded) sensor data. CLS America 2008 document online CLS America CLS America. 2008. Argos user's manual. *note: as a courtesy to users (in agreement with CLS America), the manual is included in this data release and can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH document 2008 publication date Argos Manual 2008 User manual and definitions of Argos Satellite System. Microwave Telemetry, Inc Unknown document Columbia, Maryland, USA Microwave Telemetry, Inc. Microwave Telemetry: 5g Solar PTT-100 Field Manual. *note: as a courtesy to users (in agreement with Microwave Telemetry, Inc.), the manual is included in this data release and can be accessed from: https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH https://doi.org/10.5066/P9VYSWEH document Unknown publication date MTI 5g Solar PTT-100 Manual User manual and definitions for Microwave Telemetry Solar PTT-100 satellite transmitters. Douglas, D.C. Weinzierl, R. Davidson, S.C. Kays, R. Wikelski, M. Bohrer, G. 2012 journal article Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3(6):999-1007 online John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Douglas, D.C., Weinzierl, R., Davidson, S.C., Kays, R., Wikelski, M., Bohrer, G., 2012. Moderating Argos location errors in animal tracking data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 3(6):999-1007, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00245.x journal article 2012 publication date Douglas et al 2012 Describes the use of the "Douglas Argos Filter" (DAF) for flagging implausible Argos locations. Day, R.H. Kissling, M.L. Kuletz, K.J. Nigro, D.A. Pyle, P. 2020 journal article Birds of the World Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris), version 1.0 online Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA Day, R.H., Kissling, M.L., Kuletz, K.J., Nigro, D.A., Pyle, P., 2020. Kittlitz's Murrelet (Brachyramphus brevirostris), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (P.G. Rodewald, Ed). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.kitmur.01 https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.kitmur.01 journal article 2020 publication date Day et al 2020 Reference for aging Kittlitz's Murrelets. Data Collection. Argos raw data in both "DS" and "DIAG" legacy formats were extracted from monthly datasets provided by Service Argos (a.k.a. CLS America or Woods Hole Group) on CD-ROM. Beginning in July 2009, both DS and DIAG data were obtained from Service Argos on CD-ROM in tabular format as Comma Separated Value (CSV) files. The tabular files contain all information reported in the Argos legacy file formats. The tabular DIAG files also include variables describing the Argos error ellipse (beginning in July 2009). Tabular DIAG data files before July 2009 (if applicable) were reformatted directly from the legacy DIAG files, and hence do not contain the error ellipse variables. Unknown Data Flattening. The raw Argos tabular files have had additional attributes appended by the authors to each record (including 'Animal_ID', 'Animal_Species' and 'Tracking_Status'). Unknown Determination of Deployment Fate and Tracking Status. Location and sensor data were examined for each record to assign the value of the 'Deployment_Fate' and 'Tracking_Status' variables. Details are described in the attribute definitions, below. Unknown Argos Location Algorithms. Argos uses one of two algorithms (Least Squares and Kalman Filter) to estimate location by regression fit of a Doppler curve obtained from the perceived (shifted) frequencies of transmissions obtained as the satellite flew over the satellite transmitter (i.e., approaching, then retreating). The Least Squares algorithm provides two different location estimates ('primary' and 'alternate'). The 'primary' estimate is assumed to better reflect the actual PTT location. However, in approximately 1-3% of cases, the 'alternate' location is more accurate. The Kalman Filter algorithm (introduced by Argos in 2011) takes into account platform dynamics and the use of a bank of Kalman filters to calculate positions. The applied Kalman filtering is a 2-step process: 1) the filter predicts the next position and its estimated error based on the previous position and its estimated error with a movement model; and 2) the filter calculates the new position and its estimated error by updating the predicted position using frequency measurements acquired during the satellite pass. The Kalman filter provides two identical location estimates. Note that the algorithm used for each PTT deployment is recorded in the "deploymentAttributes" table included with this data release. Unknown Deployment location site names are derived from geographic names in the USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) or the NGIA GeoNames System. They represent discrete capture areas. Point 0.001 0.001 Decimal degrees World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) 6378137 298.257223563 kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_deploymentAttributes Table containing details about each satellite transmitter (PTT - Platform Transmitter Terminal) and its deployment. PTT data include manufacturer, model, and PTT ID. Animal data include: animal ID, deployment dates, and attributes of the animal if recorded (e.g., sex, age, weight, etc). Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table. A copy of the "deploymentAttributes" table is also included in the "Argos Processed Data" (Child Item 1) of this data release. Author defined Data_Release_DOI Unique 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI) that provides a permanent link to this data release and its metadata. Author defined 10.5066/P9MMVP9I The DOI that links uniquely to this data release. Author defined Data_Release_Version The data release version that was current at the time each record was released. The structure of this data release can accommodate future versions that add additional tracking data for existing or newly tracked individuals of the same species. See version history file included with this data release for additional details. Author defined v01 Version 1.0 Author defined Animal_ID Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). A concatenation of a two letter species code, sequential numbering, capture year, capture location, and PTT_ID. Animal_Species Scientific name of the species of animal tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Brachyramphus brevirostris Scientific name for Kittlitz's Murrelet Author defined PTT_ID PTT (Platform Transmitter Terminal) ID number from Argos to uniquely identify a satellite transmitter during deployment. Provided by Argos Unique numeric identifier of the satellite transmitter. Deployment_Start_Timestamp_UTC The timestamp (date and time) when the satellite transmitter (PTT) deployment started. Author defined 2009/08/03 23:59:00 2015/06/24 16:00:00 YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC) Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC The timestamp (date and time) when the satellite transmitter (PTT) deployment ended. Author defined 2009/08/17 13:02:34 2015/07/04 06:40:00 YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC) Deployment_Fate Deduced final status of the animal and satellite transmitter (PTT) at the time tracking of the live free-ranging animal ended (i.e., animal died, transmitter failed/detached, or tracking of a live animal was otherwise terminated). Determined by assessment of sensor and movement data. For example, activity sensor values that remain constant, temperature sensor values that emulate ambient conditions, and/or lack of expected movement. Author defined alive Coded if there was no evidence or knowledge that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the last obtained transmission from the PTT or shortly thereafter. Author defined shed Coded only if the animal was later re-observed alive without an attached satellite transmitter. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the most recently obtained transmitter data indicative of attachment to the live free-ranging animal. Raw Argos data are included (if available) for up to 6 months beyond that date to preserve any information after the shed event (i.e., 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC'). Author defined dead Coded only if: 1) a carcass was observed or reported (e.g., harvested), 2) an implanted satellite transmitter showed an implausible temperature for a warm-blooded animal, or 3) an externally attached satellite transmitter with an attachment method that was very unlikely to fail/shed showed stationary movement data. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the most recently obtained transmitter data indicative of attachment to the live free-ranging animal. Raw Argos data are included (if available) for up to 6 months beyond that date to preserve any information after the dead event (i.e., 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC'). Author defined shed/dead Coded if there was evidence that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed, but distinction was ambiguous. The 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC' was set to the date/time of the most recently obtained transmitter data indicative of attachment to the live free-ranging animal. Raw Argos data are included (if available) for up to 6 months beyond that date to preserve any information after the shed/dead event (i.e., 'Deployment_End_Timestamp_UTC'). Author defined undetermined Coded if there was no assessment of mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Data users will have to make their own assessments. Author defined Deployment_End_Type A deduced reason for the satellite transmitter (PTT) deployment termination. Author defined acute temperature drop For exterior satellite transmitter attachments; a distinct drop in the transmitter's temperature sensor data suggesting the animal's body temperature is no longer contributing to elevating temperature above ambient conditions (unreliable in warm climates). For externally attached transmitters, this classification implies either animal mortality or detachment in a relatively cool or cold environment where a distinct temperature drop can be realized between the warmer than ambient temperatures that typically recorded from live animals because their body heat is partially conducted into the transmitter. Author defined implant temperature drop For implanted satellite transmitters; a distinct drop in the transmitter's temperature sensor data documenting mortality of warm-blooded animals carrying a transmitter that was implanted in its body cavity. This classification implies animal mortality with high certainty. Author defined voltage drop A drop in voltage sensor data indicative of forthcoming battery exhaustion. This classification implies normal satellite transmitter failure while the animal remained alive. Author defined activity flatlines Activity sensor value remained near constant for an extended period of time. This classification implies animal mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Author defined becomes stationary PTT locations cease to show movements beyond that which might be expected due to plausible behaviors. Author defined data acquisitions stop Data collection stopped without evidence of battery failure, mortality, or satellite transmitter detachment. Owing to the absence of any evidence to the contrary, this classification defaults to the assumption that the animal was alive at the time data collections stopped. Author defined known mortality A carcass was observed or reported (e.g., harvested). Author defined predation PEFA Predation by a Peregrine Falcon Author defined Blank Cell No deployment end type information provided. Author defined Deployment_Start_Latitude The latitude of the deployment site where the animal was released. Author defined 52.2351 60.9806 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Deployment_Start_Longitude The longitude of the deployment site where the animal was released. Author defined -174.3060 -136.4108 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Deployment_Start_Locale The name of the deployment site where the animal fitted with the satellite transmitter (PTT) was released, for example a field station or colony. Author defined Kodiak Island Name used for capture site on Kodiak Island, Alaska (approximately 57.5 N, 153.0 W). USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Prince William Sound Name used for capture site in Prince William Sound, Alaska (approximately 60.5 N, 147.0 W). USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Icy Bay Name used for capture site in Icy Bay, Alaska (approximately 60.0 N, 141.4 W). USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Atka Island Name used for capture site on Atka Island, Alaska (approximately 52.2 N, -174.3 W). USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Glacier Bay Name used for capture site in Glacier Bay, Alaska (approximately 58.7 N, 136.1 W). USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Kachemak Bay Name used for capture site in Kachemak Bay, Alaska (approximately 59.7 N, 151.2 W). USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Animal_BandID Unique field identification code, used to mark individual birds in the field. Such as a coded plastic neck collar, tarsal flag, or the final 5 digits of the metal leg band issued by the USGS Bird Banding Lab. Author defined Unique field identifier Blank Cell No marker information provided. Author defined Animal_Sex The sex of the animal determined by size and plumage characteristics in the field. Author defined F Female Author defined M Male Author defined U Sex unknown Author defined Blank Cell Sex not determined. Author defined Animal_LifeStage The age class or life stage of the animal at the start of the deployment. Author defined ASY After Second Year. A bird known to have hatched before the calendar year preceding the year of satellite transmitter deployment; year of hatch otherwise unknown. In the field, the ASY life stage was identified by plumage, specifically that ASY birds do not have any white under the wing or on the tail (Day et al 2020). Author defined Blank Cell Life stage not determined. Author defined Animal_ReproCondition The reproductive condition of the animal at the start of the satellite transmitter deployment. Author defined Breeding Animals captured during breeding season in breeding areas. Author defined Non-breeding Animals captured during non-breeding season . Author defined Blank Cell Reproductive condition not determined. Author defined Animal_Mass The mass of the animal at the time of the satellite transmitter attachment. Author defined Blank Cell Mass not recorded in the field. Author defined Animal_MortalityType If deployment ended because of animal mortality; the cause of mortality if known or confidently suspected. Author defined avian Mortality caused by avian predator. Author defined Blank Cell Mortality type not determined. Author defined PTT_Manufacturer The company or person that produced the satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Microwave Telemetry Inc. Microwave Telemetry, Inc., Columbia, MD, USA Author defined PTT_Model The manufacturer's model number of the satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Solar 5g PTT Microwave Telemetry model: 5g Solar PTT-100 Microwave Telemetry, Inc. PTT_Mass The mass of the satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined 5 The mass of the transmitter in grams. Author defined PTT_Attachment The method used to attach the satellite transmitter (PTT) to the animal. Author defined sutures PTT was attached by temporary skin sutures. Author defined double prong and suture PTT was attached by subcutaneous wire prongs and temporary skin sutures. Author defined PTT_PowerOutput The amount of power dedicated by the satellite transmitter (PTT) to each transmission. Author defined 200 200 milliwatt (mW) Blank Cell Power output not provided. Author defined PTT_PowerSource Indicates whether the satellite transmitter (PTT) was powered by Li batteries or solar rechargeable Li batteries. Author defined Solar Satellite transmitter (PTT) was powered by solar rechargeable batteries. Author defined PTT_RepetitionPeriod Nominal interval between PTT transmissions. Author defined 36 71 seconds PTT_DutyCycle Remarks describing the satellite transmitter (PTT) schedule and duration of transmission and non-transmission periods. Author defined 10 on 24 off PTT transmitted for 10 hours followed by 24 hours of not transmitting. Author defined 10 on 48 off PTT transmitted for 10 hours followed by 48 hours of not transmitting. Author defined 24 on 0 off PTT transmitted for 24 hours followed by 0 hours of not transmitting. Author defined PTT_ReadoutMethod The method by which the data are received from the satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Argos System Data received by Argos. Argos Manual 2008 PTT_LocationAlgorithm The method by which Argos calculated location of the satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined least squares Least squares regression fit of a Doppler curve obtained from the perceived (shifted) frequencies of transmissions obtained as the satellite flew over the satellite transmitter (i.e., approaching, then retreating). Argos Manual 2008 kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_diagLegacy This ASCII text file contains all Diagnostic (DIAG) data exactly as disseminated by Service Argos, in the "DIAG" legacy format. The Argos DIAG format contains information about the estimated location and the transmissions collected during each satellite overpass. Data from each overpass include the primary location estimate (Solution 1), the alternate location estimate (Solution 2), and several other variables such as the location class (accuracy), signal strength, and a single 'example' record of sensor data from an arbitrarily determined transmission. DIAG is the most appropriate data format for analyses of location. All DIAG legacy format data are, also, presented in tabular format in the file "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_diagTabular.csv" included with this data release. For details about Argos DIAG attributes, see the attribute definitions for the "diagTabular" file and Argos Manual 2008. Argos Manual 2008 kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_diagTabular This file contains the same data found in the file: "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_diagLegacy.txt" included with this data release. However, all the variables are reported in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) table with each record containing the data obtained during one satellite overpass. Beginning in July 2009, the "diagTabular" format additionally includes variables describing the Argos error ellipse. We have appended identifying variables to each record, such as 'Animal_ID' and 'Tracking_Status'. This file format is provided to facilitate reading by software that readily ingest tabular records. Author defined Data_Release_DOI Unique 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI) that provides a permanent link to this data release and its metadata. Author defined 10.5066/P9MMVP9I The DOI that links uniquely to this data release. Author defined Data_Release_Version The data release version that was current at the time each record was released. The structure of this data release can accommodate future versions that add additional tracking data for existing or newly tracked individuals of the same species. See version history file included with this data release for additional details. Author defined v01 Version 1.0 Author defined Animal_ID Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). A concatenation of a two letter species code, sequential numbering, capture year, capture location, and PTT_ID. Animal_Species Scientific name of the species of animal tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Brachyramphus brevirostris Scientific name for Kittlitz's Murrelet Author defined Tracking_Status Deduced status of the animal and satellite transmitter (PTT) at the time of the respective data record. Determined by assessment of sensor (if available) and movement data. For example, activity sensor values that remain constant, temperature sensor values that emulate ambient conditions, and/or lack of expected movement. Author defined alive Coded if there was no evidence or knowledge that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed. Author defined shed Coded only if the animal was later re-observed alive without an attached satellite transmitter. Author defined dead Coded only if: 1) a carcass was observed or reported (e.g., harvested), 2) an implanted satellite transmitter showed an implausible temperature for a warm-blooded animal, or 3) an externally attached satellite transmitter with an attachment method that was very unlikely to fail/shed showed stationary movement data. Author defined shed/dead Coded if there was evidence that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed, but distinction was ambiguous. Author defined undetermined Coded if there was no assessment of mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Data users will have to make their own assessments. Author defined PTT_Program Argos Program identifier Provided by Argos Unique 3-5 digit identifier of the particular Argos programs used. PTT_ID PTT (Platform Transmitter Terminal) ID number from Argos to uniquely identify a satellite transmitter during deployment. Provided by Argos Unique numeric identifier of the satellite transmitter. Location_Timestamp_UTC The UTC timestamp (date and time) of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate. Provided by Argos 2009/08/05 19:44:32 2015/07/04 03:38:38 YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Lat_Solution_1 The latitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 1). Provided by Argos 8.797 80.163 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Lon_Solution_1 The longitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 1). Provided by Argos -179.511 176.695 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Lat_Solution_2 The latitude of the alternate satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 2). Provided by Argos -76.963 89.369 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Lon_Solution_2 The longitude of the alternate satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 2). Provided by Argos -179.997 179.991 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Class Index of the accuracy of the location estimate; in decreasing order: 3,2,1,0,A,B,Z Argos Manual 2008 3 1-sigma location error <250 meters. Argos Manual 2008 2 1-sigma location error between 250 meters and 500 meters. Argos Manual 2008 1 1-sigma location error between 500 meters and 1500 meters. Argos Manual 2008 0 1-sigma location error >1500 meters Argos Manual 2008 A No accuracy estimation; 3 messages received per satellite pass. Argos Manual 2008 B No accuracy estimation; 1 or 2 messages received per satellite pass. Argos Manual 2008 Z No accuracy estimation; invalid location. Argos Manual 2008 Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_NOPC Number of Plausibility Checks that gave a positive result. Plausibility checks are conducted by Argos when the satellite transmitter location is estimated and are used by the algorithm when classifying the location accuracy in the Location_Class attribute. Argos Manual 2008 0 4 count Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_ErrorRadius Estimated error radius of the satellite transmitter's location estimate, derived from the error-ellipse. The error-ellipse defines a region within which the transmitter's true location would have a 63.3% probability of occurrence (drawn from a bivariate normal distribution to lie within its "square-root-of-two-sigma ellipse"). Error radius is calculated as: SQRT(Semimajor_Axis x Semiminor_Axis). Not available for data before July 2009. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data. Argos Manual 2008 0 885325 meters Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_ErrorSemimajor Half the length of the longest axis of the estimated error-ellipse of the satellite transmitter location. Not available for data before July 2009. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data. Argos Manual 2008 0 994659 meters Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_ErrorSemiminor Half the length of the shortest axis of the estimated error-ellipse of the satellite transmitter location. Not available for data before July 2009. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data. Argos Manual 2008 0 42043 meters Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_ErrorOrientation Geographic orientation of the major axis of the estimated error-ellipse of the satellite transmitter location. Not available for data before July 2009. Argos Manual 2008 0 180 degrees Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_ErrorGDOP Geometric Dilution of Precision. A measure of the effect of the geometry of the satellite transmitter's configuration on the accuracy of the location estimate. The actual location accuracy depends on both the GDOP value and the quality of the transmitter's frequency stability. Generally, a smaller GDOP value yields a more accurate position. Values of zero (0) should be treated as missing data. Argos Manual 2008 0 737745 meters/Hertz Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_IndexQuality A "Quality Indicator" from Argos. A composite of two single digits, each of which denotes a categorical variable describing parameters that Argos considers when assigning the Location_Class to the location estimate. The parameters describe long-, mid-, and short-term frequency shifts in the received transmissions. The first digit indicates the residual error on the frequency calculation. The second digit indicates transmitter oscillator frequency drift between two satellite overpasses. Single digit values imply a zero for the first digit. Argos Manual 2008 0 68 coded index Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_LI_Index A legacy variant of the 'Location_IndexQuality' attribute used from July 1989 to mid-June 1993 (when IndexQuality, IQ, was introduced). Provided by Argos Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_QQ_Index A legacy variant of the 'Location_IndexQuality' attribute used from February 1988 to June 1989. Provided by Argos Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Location_AssumedAltitude Assumed altitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT). Used for estimating the location. Argos Manual 2008 0 3.469 kilometers Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Pass_Satellite_ID The satellite identifier (A2, MA, MB, MC, NH, ND, NJ, NK, NL, NM, NN, NP, SR). Provided by Argos A2 Japanese satellite: ADEOS-II Provided by Argos MA MetOp satellite: METOP-A Provided by Argos MB MetOp satellite: METOP-B Provided by Argos MC MetOp satellite: METOP-C Provided by Argos NH NOAA satellite: NOAA-11 Provided by Argos ND NOAA satellite: NOAA-12 Provided by Argos NJ NOAA satellite: NOAA-14 Provided by Argos NK NOAA satellite: NOAA-15 Provided by Argos NL NOAA satellite: NOAA-16 Provided by Argos NM NOAA satellite: NOAA-17 Provided by Argos NN NOAA satellite: NOAA-18 Provided by Argos NP NOAA satellite: NOAA-19 Provided by Argos SR ISRO CNES satellite: SARAL Provided by Argos Pass_Messages_N The number of messages from the transmitter (PTT) received by the respective satellite during its overpass. Argos Manual 2008 1 37 count Pass_Messages_gt120dB The number of messages from the transmitter (PTT) received by the respective satellite during its overpass with a signal strength (at the satellite) greater than -120 decibels. Argos Manual 2008 0 6 count Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Pass_Messages_BestLeveldB Strength (at the satellite) of the strongest transmission from the transmitter (PTT) collected during the respective satellite's overpass. Argos Manual 2008 -137 -113 decibels Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Pass_Duration Time elapsed between the first and last message from the transmitter (PTT) received by the respective satellite during its overpass. A value of zero implies only one message was received during the overpass. Argos Manual 2008 0 999 seconds Pass_EstimatedFrequency Estimate of the satellite transmitter's true transmission (oscillator) frequency that strives to account for long-term frequency drift during the course of the transmitter's deployment that is apparent to the Argos System. Argos Manual 2008 401650000 401683518.8 Hertz Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Sensor_Timestamp_UTC The UTC timestamp (date and time) of one arbitrary message received by the respective satellite during its overpass. Provided by Argos 2009/08/05 19:47:29 2015/07/04 06:34:25 YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC) Sensor_CompressionIndex Number of consecutive messages from the satellite transmitter (PTT), received during a satellite overpass that had identical sensor data values. Provided by Argos 1 16 count Sensor_1 through Sensor_32 The Sensor_1 through Sensor_32 variables are included here in the "diagTabular" file only for complete reporting of all transmitted data as received. The Argos DIAG format includes raw sensor data values obtained from just one arbitrary transmission per satellite overpass and serves simply as raw sensor "examples". There are no robust analytical reasons to use this one arbitrary transmission of sensor data. Any data user interested in analyzing or interrogating decoded sensor data should use the decoded sensor data file in the "Argos Processed Data" (Child Item 1) of this data release. Any data user interested in analyzing or interrogating the raw sensor data should use the Argos DS data which contains a complete record of all sensor data obtained from all transmissions collected during each and every satellite overpass. MTI 5g Solar PTT-100 Manual, Argos Manual 2008 Coded raw sensor data Blank Cell No sensor data transmitted Author defined kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_dsLegacy This ASCII text file contains all transmissions of the raw (coded) sensor data exactly as disseminated by Service Argos, in the "DS" legacy format. The Argos DS (Dispose) format contains all sensor message transmissions collected during each satellite overpass. Messages received during a satellite overpass are reported on multiple lines beginning with a header and followed by a variable number of records reporting the raw (coded) sensor data carried by each transmission. The header includes information such as PTT ID, satellite ID, and metrics about message reception (see Argos Manual 2008). DS is the most appropriate data format for analyses of sensor data. All DS legacy format data are, also, presented in tabular form in the file "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_dsTabular.csv" included with this data release. For details about Argos DS attributes, see the attribute definitions for the "dsTabular" file and Argos Manual 2008. **NOTE** Argos-certified PTTs are required to transmit a minimum number of data bits, commonly used to communicate sensor data. Raw sensor values are disseminated as either decimal or hexadecimal values and require decoding to convert them to meaningful data. Proprietary software from the PTT manufacturer may be necessary to decode raw sensor data. Argos Manual 2008 kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_dsTabular This file contains the same transmissions and raw (coded) sensor data found in the file: "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_dsLegacy.txt" included with this package. All the variables are reported in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) table, with each record containing the data from one PTT transmission. We have appended identifying variables to each record, such as 'Animal_ID' and 'Tracking_Status'. This file format is provided to facilitate reading by software that readily ingest tabular records. **NOTE** Argos-certified PTTs are required to transmit a minimum number of data bits, commonly used to communicate sensor data. Raw sensor values are disseminated as either decimal or hexadecimal values and require decoding to convert them to meaningful data. Proprietary software from the PTT manufacturer may be necessary to decode raw sensor data. 'Sensor_1' through 'Sensor_32' values are raw (coded) sensor data, included for completeness. Decoded values are provided in the "Argos Processed Data" (Child Item 1) of this data release. Filename:"kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_decodedSensor.csv" Author defined Data_Release_DOI Unique 'Digital Object Identifier' (DOI) that provides a permanent link to this data release and its metadata. Author defined 10.5066/P9MMVP9I The DOI that links uniquely to this data release. Author defined Data_Release_Version The data release version that was current at the time each record was released. The structure of this data release can accommodate future versions that add additional tracking data for existing or newly tracked individuals of the same species. See version history file included with this data release for additional details. Author defined v01 Version 1.0 Author defined Animal_ID Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Unique identifier for each individual tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). A concatenation of a two letter species code, sequential numbering, capture year, capture location, and PTT_ID. Animal_Species Scientific name of the species of animal tracked with a satellite transmitter (PTT). Author defined Brachyramphus brevirostris Scientific name for Kittlitz's Murrelet Author defined Tracking_Status Deduced status of the animal and satellite transmitter (PTT) at the time of the respective data record. Determined by assessment of sensor (if available) and movement data. For example, activity sensor values that remain constant, temperature sensor values that emulate ambient conditions, and/or lack of expected movement. Author defined alive Coded if there was no evidence or knowledge that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed. Author defined shed Coded only if the animal was later re-observed alive without an attached satellite transmitter. Author defined dead Coded only if: 1) a carcass was observed or reported (e.g., harvested), 2) an implanted satellite transmitter showed an implausible temperature for a warm-blooded animal, or 3) an externally attached satellite transmitter with an attachment method that was very unlikely to fail/shed showed stationary movement data. Author defined shed/dead Coded if there was evidence that the animal died or the satellite transmitter was shed, but distinction was ambiguous. Author defined undetermined Coded if there was no assessment of mortality or satellite transmitter detachment. Data users will have to make their own assessments. Author defined PTT_Program Argos Program identifier Provided by Argos Unique 3-5 digit identifier of the particular Argos programs used. PTT_ID PTT (Platform Transmitter Terminal) ID number from Argos to uniquely identify a satellite transmitter during deployment. Provided by Argos Unique numeric identifier of the satellite transmitter. Location_Timestamp_UTC The UTC timestamp (date and time) of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate. Provided by Argos 2009/08/05 19:44:32 2015/07/04 03:38:38 YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Lat_Solution_1 The latitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 1). (*note: the most complete location data are recorded in the Argos DIAG data included with this package. Users interested in location data should use the DIAG dataset.) Provided by Argos 8.797 80.163 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Lon_Solution_1 The longitude of the satellite transmitter (PTT) location estimate (Argos Solution 1). (*note: the most complete location data are recorded in the Argos DIAG data included with this package. Users interested in location data should use the DIAG dataset.) Provided by Argos -179.511 176.695 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Blank Cell No location was estimated for this record. Author defined Location_Class Index of the accuracy of the location estimate. In decreasing order: 3,2,1,0,A,B,Z Argos Manual 2008 3 1-sigma location error <250 meters. Argos Manual 2008 2 1-sigma location error between 250 meters and 500 meters. Argos Manual 2008 1 1-sigma location error between 500 meters and 1500 meters. Argos Manual 2008 0 1-sigma location error >1500 meters Argos Manual 2008 A No accuracy estimation; 3 messages received per satellite pass. Argos Manual 2008 B No accuracy estimation; 1 or 2 messages received per satellite pass. Argos Manual 2008 Z No accuracy estimation; invalid location. Argos Manual 2008 Blank Cell Attribute value not provided for this record. Author defined Pass_Satellite_ID The satellite identifier (2, A, B, C, H, D, J, K, L, M, N, P, R). Provided by Argos 2 Japanese satellite: ADEOS-II Provided by Argos A MetOp satellite: METOP-A Provided by Argos B MetOp satellite: METOP-B Provided by Argos C MetOp satellite: METOP-C Provided by Argos H NOAA satellite: NOAA-11 Provided by Argos D NOAA satellite: NOAA-12 Provided by Argos J NOAA satellite: NOAA-14 Provided by Argos K NOAA satellite: NOAA-15 Provided by Argos L NOAA satellite: NOAA-16 Provided by Argos M NOAA satellite: NOAA-17 Provided by Argos N NOAA satellite: NOAA-18 Provided by Argos P NOAA satellite: NOAA-19 Provided by Argos R ISRO CNES satellite: SARAL Provided by Argos Sensor_Timestamp_UTC The timestamp (date and time) of each message from each satellite transmitter (PTT), corresponding to the time when the temperature, voltage, and activity sensors were interrogated. Provided by Argos 2009/08/05 19:43:33 2015/07/04 06:34:25 YYYY/MM/DD hh:mm:ss (UTC) Sensor_CompressionIndex The number of consecutive messages from the satellite transmitter (PTT), received during a satellite overpass that had identical sensor data values. Provided by Argos 1 16 count Sensor_1 through Sensor_32 The Sensor_1 through Sensor_32 values are raw (coded) sensor data as received from Service Argos. They are included only for completeness. Users interested in details about coding/decoding are encouraged to examine materials from the transmitter manufacturers. We provide decoded values in the "Argos Processed Data" (Child Item 1) of this data release, file:"kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_decodedSensor.csv" MTI 5g Solar PTT-100 Manual, Argos Manual 2008 Coded raw sensor data Blank Cell No Sensor data Author defined The "Argos Raw Data" (Child Item 2) package includes 5 data files: Two data files (with identical content) contain the raw Argos DIAG (Diagnostic) data, one in the legacy verbose ASCII format and one in a tabular Comma Separate Value (CSV) format: (1) "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_diagLegacy.txt" and (2) "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_diagTabular.csv" Two data files (with identical content) contain the raw Argos DS (Dispose) data, one in the legacy verbose ASCII format and one in a tabular CSV format: (3) "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_dsLegacy.txt" and (4) "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_dsTabular.csv" (5) "kittlitzsMurrelet_USGS_ASC_argos_deploymentAttributes.csv" contains one record for each transmitter deployment. The deployment attributes table contains information such as when the transmitter was attached to the animal, when tracking of a live animal ended, and variables describing the animal and transmitter. Author defined U.S. Geological Survey USGS ScienceBase Team Mailing and Physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver Colorado 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source of these data, distributed by ScienceBase (a USGS Trusted Digital Repository). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. CSV, TXT Tabular data in CSV format; ASCII text file in TXT format; FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MMVP9I None 20241004 U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

4210 University Drive

Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) FGDC-STD-001.1-1999