Schoen, Sarah K. (ORCID: 0000-0002-5685-5185) Piatt, John F. (ORCID: 0000-0002-4417-5748) Arimitsu, Mayumi L. (ORCID: 0000-0001-6982-2238) 20200110 tabular digital data Data from Common Murre Die-off Surveys and Necropsies Following the North Pacific Marine Heatwave, 2015-2016 ver 2.0, June 2024 Anchorage, Alaska U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Suggested Citation: Schoen, S.K., Piatt, J.F., Arimitsu, M.L., 2020, Data from Common Murre die-off surveys and necropsies following the north Pacific marine heatwave, 2015-2016 (ver 2.0, June 2024): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E8RE9I https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E8RE9I These data are in two tables relating to a die-off of Common Murres (Uria aalge) in the north Pacific, 2015-2016. The tables provide: 1) beach survey locations, date, time, distance surveyed (kilometers), and number of Common Murre carcasses observed during surveys conducted along the coastline of Alaska to document the 2015-2016 die-off of Common Murres coincident with the North Pacific marine heatwave, and 2) Common Murre necropsy results from carcasses collected during the die-off, including: bird identification number, collection date, collection location, and body and tissues measurements. These data were collected to document the magnitude and extent of the 2015-2016 Common Murre die-off in Alaska and to examine the physiology and demographics of Common Murres killed coincident with a large scale marine heatwave. Necropsies were preformed to help determine the cause of death. These data were collected during projects funded by the U.S. Geological Survey. In kind support provided by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Prince William Sound Science Center. 20151106 20160707 observed Complete None planned Alaska -159.14 -145.95 61.22 56.62 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:ASC244 ISO 19115 Topic Category Biota Environment NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus Aquatic ecosystems Coastal habitat Marine habitat USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus Marine ecosystems Coastal ecosystems Mortality USGS Thesaurus Specimen collecting Wildlife biology Field inventory and monitoring None Necropsy Mortality event Die-off Uria aalge Common Murre USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Alaska Alaska Peninsula Prince William Sound Kenai Fjords Kenai Peninsula Alaska Gulf of Alaska None Animals Birds Seabirds Common Murre Uria aalge ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System Unknown online database online ITIS-North America Taxonomic details retrieved June 12, 2024, from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK Organisms are compared to reference texts and identified by trained experts. Visual identification is used with a reference key when necessary. Scientific names were verified with ITIS. Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Aves Order Charadriiformes Family Alcidae Genus Uria Species Uria aalge TSN: 176974 No access constraints. No use constraints. We request that the suggested citation of this USGS data release be included in any publications that reference or utilize these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov This work was possible because of funding and support from the U.S. Geological Survey. Brielle Heflin, Tony DeGange, Greg Snedgen, Robert Kaler, Robin Corcoran, Dan Esler, Elizabeth Labunski, Anne Schaefer, David Crowley, the Bird Treatment and Learning Center, Marian Shively, John and Mary Beth Schoen, Chris Klosterman, and Alexandra and Brad von Wichman were instrumental in this work. Piatt, J.F. Parrish, J.K. Renner, H.M. Schoen, S.K. Jones, T. Arimitsu, M.L. Kuletz, K. Bodenstein, B. Garcia-Reyes, M. Duerr, R. Corcoran, R. Kaler, R. McChesney, G. Golightly, R. Coletti, H. Suryan, R.M. Burgess, H. Lindsey, J. Lindquist, K. Warzybok, P. Jahncke, J. Roletto, J. Sydeman, W. 2020 journal article PLOS ONE 15(1):e0226087 online PLOS Piatt, J.F., Parrish, J.K., Renner, H.M., Schoen, S.K., Jones, T., Arimitsu, M.L., Kuletz, K., Bodenstein, B., Garcia-Reyes, M., Duerr, R., Corcoran, R., Kaler, R., McChesney, G., Golightly, R., Coletti, H., Suryan, R., Burgess, H., Lindsey, J., Lindquist, K., Warzybok, P., Jahncke, J., Roletto, J., Sydeman, W. 2020. Extreme mortality and reproductive failure of common murres resulting from the northeast Pacific marine heatwave of 2014-2016. PLOS ONE 15(1):e0226087. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226087 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226087 Sample IDs, dates, sampling locations, numbers, and measurements were cross-checked and verified to match original field and laboratory data. Attribute values fall within expected ranges. Attribute values of 'NA' indicate that data was either not collected or not applicable. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Latitude and longitude were determined by GPS or inferred from location names. 'NA' indicates that geographic coordinates were not determined. FIELD: Beach Survey Counts: we counted all dead Common Murres observed on beaches while either walking along the length of the beach or motoring parallel to the beach in a skiff or small research vessel. For boat-based surveys, we motored along shore at a reasonable speed and distance given the visibility of birds and hazards near shore and scanned the beach by eye to count birds. For each surveyed beach we recorded: general area/region; beach name; names of surveyors; date/time Beach Survey Counts: we counted all dead Common Murres observed on beaches while either walking along the length of the beach or motoring parallel to the beach in a skiff or small research vessel. For boat-based surveys, we motored along shore at a reasonable speed and distance given the visibility of birds and hazards near shore and scanned the beach by eye to count birds. For each surveyed beach we recorded: general area/region; beach name; names of surveyors; date/time of survey; distance searched (from GPS track line if possible); latitude/longitude of start/stop waypoints. Unknown LAB: Necropsy instructions: Score shape and pattern of the outermost underwing primary coverts using Figure 532 in Pyle (2008). Coverts A, B, and C are associated with HY/SY birds, and D and E are associated with AHY/ASY birds. Measure mass: attach a Pesola either directly to a part of the bird (foot) or to a weighing bag and measure the mass of the bird while holding the ring of the pesola. If you used a bag, weigh the bag by itself afterwards, and record for later subtraction. Measure the natural/relaxed (unflattened) wing chord. Measure from the bend in the wing (wrist) to the longest tip of the wing to nearest mm. Measure the diagonal tarsus (length of tarsometatarsal bone): hold the leg so both the foot and tarsal joints are bent at right angles. Place the inner jaw of the calipers (or end of ruler) into the notch at the tarsal joint and slide the outer jaw until it contacts the end of the tarsus just where the foot bends and measure to the nearest mm. Measure the exposed culmen: place one jaw of calipers (or end of ruler) at the tip of the upper mandible and the other where fleshy part of bill meets the feathers, and then measure to the nearest mm. Measure the culmen depth: measure the bill depth at the deepest part of the bill to the nearest mm. Measure the headbill: place one jaw of calipers (or end of ruler) on the occipital condyle and the other at the tip of the bill, measure to the nearest mm. Assess condition of pectoral muscle based on shape: use standard codes (Figure 11; Van Franeker 2004) for scoring pectoral condition; 0=strongly emaciated, 1=emaciated, 2=moderate condition, and 3=good condition. Assess subcutaneous fat on breast between feathers on breast: use standard codes (Figure 11; Van Franeker 2004) for scoring subcutaneous fat; 0=no fat, 1=some fat, 2=fat, 3=very fat. Determine gender: determine gender by identifying the presence of testis or an ovary (Figure 1; Camphuysen and van Franeker 2007). If gender could not be determined, we categorized that as undetermined (Male=M, Female=F, Undetermined=U). Assess whether a bursa of Fabricius is present: the bursa of Fabricius is visible as a pouch on the outer wall of the cloaca, and it is only found in very young birds, it atrophies in sub-adults and is absent in mature birds (Figures 6 and 7; Camphuysen and van Franeker 2007). Assess stomach contents: cut open stomach, record contents. Unknown LITERATURE CITED: Camphuysen C.J. and van Franeker, J.A. 2007. Ageing and sexing manual for stranded seabirds. Technical documents 4.1, Handbook on Oil Impact Assessment, version 1.0, https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3069.7048 Pyle, P. 2008. Identification guide to North American birds. Part II: Anatidae to Alcidae. Slate Creek Press, Point Reyes, CA, USA. 835p. van Franeker, J.A. 2004. Save the North Sea Fulmar-Litter-EcoQO Manual, Part 1: collection and dissection procedures. Alterra-rapport 672:1-38, https://edepot.wur.nl/40451 Unknown Location names indicate a general sampling area, they do not represent exact geographic location. Point 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal degrees World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) 6378137 298.257223563 commonMurre_dieoffSurveys_northGulfAK_schoen_2016.csv Table with counts of Common Murre carcasses on beaches of the northern coast of the Gulf of Alaska. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table. Author defined Location General location/region the survey was conducted. GNIS Alaska Peninsula Survey location along the Alaska Peninsula GNIS Kenai Fjords Survey location in Kenai Fjords National Park GNIS Kenai Peninsula Survey location along the Kenai Peninsula GNIS Prince William Sound Survey location in Prince William Sound GNIS Beach Fine scale location name at which the survey was conducted. Author defined Text beach names. Surveyors Survey was led and conducted by the following researchers. Author defined D Esler Dan Esler, U.S. Geological Survey Author defined J Schoen John Schoen, Wildlife Biologist Author defined S Schoen Sarah Schoen, Wildlife Biologist, U.S. Geological Survey Author defined Date Date that survey was conducted. Author defined 1/07/2016 7/07/2016 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) Time Survey start time Author defined 9:50 19:50 Time HH:mm (24hr) NA Time not recorded Author defined Distance_km Survey distance in kilometers. Author defined 0.11 29.65 Kilometers Start_Lat Latitudinal coordinate of the start location of the survey. Author defined 56.62187 61.09292 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Start_Long Longitudinal coordinate of the start location of the survey. Author defined -145.97070 -159.13568 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Stop_Lat Latitudinal coordinate of the end location of the survey. Author defined 56.61788 61.08891 Decimal degrees (WGS84) Stop_Long Longitudinal coordinate of the end location of the survey. Author defined -145.95285 -159.12566 Decimal degrees (WGS84) No_COMU Number of Common Murre carcasses counted on the beach. Author defined 0 746 counts Survey_platform The platform from which the survey was conducted. Author defined beach The survey was conducted by walking on the beach and counting carcasses. Author defined vessel The survey was conducted from the M/V Alexandra, total length 14 meter. Carcasses on the beach were counted by eye and binocular from aboard the vessel. Author defined skiff Carcasses on the beach were counted by eye and binocular from aboard an inflatable skiff operating as closely to the shoreline as possible. Author defined commonMurre_necropsies_northGulfAK_schoen_2015-2016.csv Table with data from necropsies performed on Common Murre carcasses. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table. Author defined version Version number of the data release when the record was first posted with the dataset. Author defined v1.0 Version 1.0, data posted January 2020 Author defined v2.0 Version 2.0, data posted June 2024 Author defined birdID Bird identification number, used during the necropsies and specimen processing. Author defined Unique identifier. Composed from the collection year, a 4-letter species code, and a 3-digit sequential number. date_collected Date that specimen was collected. Author defined 11/6/2015 4/11/2016 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) NA Collection date undetermined Author defined location Name of location where specimen was collected. Author defined A collection location name provided by the collector. NA Collection location undetermined Author defined latitude Latitude of collection location. Author defined 56.62187 61.09292 Decimal degrees (WGS84) NA Collection location undetermined Author defined longitude Longitude of collection location. Author defined -145.97070 -159.13568 Decimal degrees (WGS84) NA Collection location undetermined Author defined source Individual or organization who supplied the specimens. Author defined Bird TLC Specimen was received at the Bird Treatment and Learning Center before being given to the USGS for necropsy. Author defined Corcoran Specimen was collected by the Robin Corcoran of U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Kodiak National Wildlife Refuge, Kodiak, Alaska. Author defined Schaefer Specimen was collected by Anne Schaefer of the Prince William Sound Science Center, Cordova, Alaska. Author defined Schoen Specimen was collected by Sarah Schoen of the U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska. Author defined Shively Specimen was collected by private citizen Marian Shively and delivered to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Author defined Crowley Specimen was collected by private citizen David Crowley and delivered to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Author defined BirdTLC_no Specimen identification from Bird Treatment and Learning Center. Only applicable to the birds from Bird TLC. Author defined Unique identifier. Composed from the collection year and a 3-digit sequential number. NA Bird not received from Bird TLC. Author defined date_euthanized_BirdTLC Date that specimen was euthanized by Bird TLC after attempting rehabilitation. Author defined 11/25/2015 12/18/2015 Date (MM/DD/YYYY) NA Bird not euthanized Author defined Underwing_primary_covert The shape and pattern of the outermost underwing primary coverts which are associated with different ages (HY/SY and AHY/ASY) of birds. Pyle 2008 A Shape and pattern of the outermost underwing primary coverts scored as "A" using Figure 532 in Pyle (2008). Coverts A, B, and C are associated with HY/SY birds, and D and E are associated with AHY/ASY birds. Pyle 2008 D Shape and pattern of the outermost underwing primary coverts scored as "D" using Figure 532 in Pyle (2008). Coverts A, B, and C are associated with HY/SY birds, and D and E are associated with AHY/ASY birds. Pyle 2008 E Shape and pattern of the outermost underwing primary coverts scored as "E" using Figure 532 in Pyle (2008). Coverts A, B, and C are associated with HY/SY birds, and D and E are associated with AHY/ASY birds. Pyle 2008 A/B/C Shape and pattern of the outermost underwing primary coverts scored as either "A", "B", or "C" using Figure 532 in Pyle (2008). Coverts A, B, and C are associated with HY/SY birds, and D and E are associated with AHY/ASY birds. Pyle 2008 NA Undetermined Author defined mass_g Total mass of the carcass in grams. If unable to collect an accurate mass (e.g. the carcass was not intact, or it was soaking wet) during necropsy, value was NA. For birds held at the Bird TLC, we used the intake mass if bird was held at the facility for longer than a day before euthanization, or if we do not know how long the bird was held before euthanization they were NA. All other masses were calculated during necropsy. Author defined 470 940 grams NA Unable to collect an accurate mass (e.g. the carcass was not intact, or it was soaking wet) during necropsy or we did not know how long the bird was held before euthanization. Author defined wing_chord_mm Specimen wing chord measurement in millimeters. The wing chord is the measurement of the wing taken with the wing bent at a 90-degree angle, from the prominent point of the joint to the most prominent point of the longest primary feather. Pyle 2008 202 226 millimeters tarsus_mm Specimen tarsus measurement in millimeters, the diagonal tarsus (length of tarsometatarsal bone). Pyle 2008 34 46.4 millimeters NA Undetermined Author defined culmen_length_mm Specimen culmen length in millimeters. The culmen is measured from the tip of the bill to where the fleshy part of the bill meets the feathers. Pyle 2008 35.2 51.4 millimeters culmen_depth_mm Specimen culmen depth in millimeters. The culmen depth is the deepest part of the bill. Pyle 2008 10.3 16 millimeters NA Undetermined Author defined headbill_mm The distance between the tip of the bill and the occipital condyle in millimeters. Pyle 2008 102.2 118.8 millimeters NA Undetermined Author defined pectoral_cond Assessment of pectoral muscle condition based on shape: use standard codes (Figure 11; van Franeker 2004) for scoring pectoral condition; 0=strongly emaciated, 1=emaciated, 2=moderate condition, and 3=good condition. If bird was held at the Bird Treatment and Learning Center for more than one day pectoral condition was NA as the bird would have been fed in captivity. van Franeker 2004 0 Assess condition of pectoral muscle based on shape: use standard codes (Figure 11; Van Franeker 2004) for scoring pectoral condition; 0=strongly emaciated, 1=emaciated, 2=moderate condition, and 3=good condition. van Franeker 2004 1 Assess condition of pectoral muscle based on shape: use standard codes (Figure 11; Van Franeker 2004) for scoring pectoral condition; 0=strongly emaciated, 1=emaciated, 2=moderate condition, and 3=good condition. van Franeker 2004 2 Assess condition of pectoral muscle based on shape: use standard codes (Figure 11; Van Franeker 2004) for scoring pectoral condition; 0=strongly emaciated, 1=emaciated, 2=moderate condition, and 3=good condition. van Franeker 2004 NA Bird was held at the Bird Treatment and Learning Center for more than one day. Author defined subcutaneous_fat Assess subcutaneous fat on breast between feathers on breast: use standard codes (Figure 11; van Franeker 2004) for scoring subcutaneous fat; 0=no fat, 1=some fat, 2=fat, 3=very fat. If bird was held at the Bird Treatment and Learning Center for more than one day subcutaneous fat was NA as the bird would have been fed in captivity. van Franeker 2004 0 Assess subcutaneous fat on breast between feathers on breast: use standard codes (Figure 11; van Franeker 2004) for scoring subcutaneous fat; 0=no fat, 1=some fat, 2=fat, 3=very fat. van Franeker 2004 1 Assess subcutaneous fat on breast between feathers on breast: use standard codes (Figure 11; van Franeker 2004) for scoring subcutaneous fat; 0=no fat, 1=some fat, 2=fat, 3=very fat. van Franeker 2004 NA Undetermined Author defined sex The sex of the specimen. Author defined M Sex of specimen was male. Author defined F Sex of specimen was female. Author defined U Sex of specimen was undetermined. Author defined Bursa Assessment of whether a bursa of Fabricius is present. The bursa of Fabricius is visible as a pouch on the outer wall of the cloaca, and it is only found in very young birds, it atrophies in sub-adults and is absent in mature birds (Figures 6 and 7; Camphuysen and van Franeker 2007). Camphuysen and van Franeker 2007 Y Yes, the specimen has a bursa of Fabricius. Camphuysen and van Franeker 2007 N No, the specimen does not have a bursa of Fabricius. Camphuysen and van Franeker 2007 NA Undetermined Author defined stomach_contents Comments regarding the stomach contents of carcasses. The stomach contents of birds were considered NA if: birds had trauma to the intestinal tract and contents could not be determined, or if birds were held and fed at the Bird Treatment and Learning Center before being euthanized. Author defined Text comments on specimen stomach contents. NA Bird had trauma to the intestinal tract and contents could not be determined, or bird was held and fed at the Bird Treatment and Learning Center before being euthanized Author defined U.S. Geological Survey USGS ScienceBase Team Mailing and Physical

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Denver Colorado 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source of these data, distributed by ScienceBase (a USGS Trusted Digital Repository). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. CSV Tabular data in CSV format; FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9E8RE9I None 20240612 U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) FGDC-STD-001.1-1999