<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Curran, Janet H. (ORCID: 000-0002-3899-6275)</origin>
        <origin>Williams, Haley B.</origin>
        <pubdate>2017</pubdate>
        <title>Exit and Paradise Creek Fluvial Features, 2012</title>
        <geoform>Vector Digital Data Set (Polygon)</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>Anchorage, AK</pubplace>
          <publish>U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>Please cite this dataset as:  Curran, J.H., and Williams, H.B., 2017, Exit and Paradise Glacier Foreland, Alaska River and Glacier Maps, Channel Surveys, Digital Elevation Model, and Orthophoto, 1800s-2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HJZ.</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HJZ</onlink>
        <lworkcit>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Curran, Janet H.</origin>
            <origin>Loso, Michael G.</origin>
            <origin>Williams, Haley B.</origin>
            <pubdate>2013</pubdate>
            <title>Sedimentation and flooding in a glacial stream at Exit Glacier, Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska</title>
            <geoform>website</geoform>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>none</sername>
              <issue>none</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Anchorage, AK</pubplace>
              <publish>U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <onlink>https://alaska.usgs.gov/portal/project.php?project_id=324</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </lworkcit>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>This dataset presents delineations of the braid plains of Exit and Paradise Creeks in Kenai Fjords National Park, Alaska for 2012 conditions. A braid plain can be defined generally as the area over which a braided river shifts, and can include active braid plain (the suite of wetted channels and largely unvegetated intervening bars) and inactive braid plain (vegetated formerly occupied channels and bars still accessible by braiding without substantial bank erosion). An additional category of transitional braid plain here describes areas where vegetation is disturbed by recent sediment transport but not fully removed. Because processes are changing as Exit Glacier retreats, selected former fluvial surfaces are no longer expected to be accessible by typical braiding and may be removed from the braid plain. For 2012 conditions, inactive braid plain mapping was only conducted on Exit Creek downstream of the prominent moraines dating to the 1800s.</abstract>
      <purpose>This dataset supports a study of the fluvial and glacial development of the area immediately downstream of Exit Glacier on Alaska's Kenai Peninsula. Exit Glacier and the associated Exit Creek are within Kenai Fjords National Park, and their changes over time are of interest to park visitors and managers.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>2012</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>ground condition</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-149.642009126</westbc>
        <eastbc>-149.555477397</eastbc>
        <northbc>60.201304629</northbc>
        <southbc>60.165773462</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
        <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:ASC127</themekey>
      </theme>

      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>inlandWaters</themekey>
        <themekey>environment</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>Biocomplexity Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>Ice ages</themekey>
        <themekey>Glaciers</themekey>
        <themekey>Deglaciation</themekey>
        <themekey>Alluvial fans</themekey>
        <themekey>Flood plains</themekey>
        <themekey>Flooding</themekey>
        <themekey>Rivers</themekey>
        <themekey>River basins</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>Little Ice Age</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Geographic Names Information System</placekt>
        <placekey>Alaska</placekey>
        <placekey>Exit Glacier</placekey>
        <placekey>Paradise Glacier</placekey>
        <placekey>Paradise Creek</placekey>
        <placekey>Harding Icefield</placekey>
        <placekey>Resurrection River</placekey>
        <placekey>Kenai Fjords National Park</placekey>
        <placekey>Seward</placekey>
        <placekey>Kenai Peninsula</placekey>
      </place>
      <place>
        <placekt>None</placekt>
        <placekey>Exit Creek</placekey>
      </place>
      <stratum>
        <stratkt>USGS Biocomplexity Thesaurus</stratkt>
        <stratkey>streams</stratkey>
      </stratum>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>None</accconst>
    <useconst>It is requested that the authors and the USGS Alaska Science Center be cited for any subsequent publications that reference this dataset. It is strongly recommended that careful attention be paid to the contents of the metadata file associated with these data to evaluate data set limitations, restrictions or intended use. It is the responsibility of the user to use the data appropriately and consistent with the limitations of the data in general and these data in particular.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Janet Curran</cntper>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>4210 University Drive</address>
          <city>Anchorage</city>
          <state>AK</state>
          <postal>99508</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>907-786-7000</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ascweb@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <crossref>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Curran, Janet H.</origin>
        <origin>Loso, Michael G.</origin>
        <origin>Williams, Haley B.</origin>
        <pubdate>2017</pubdate>
        <title>Title of Journal Article</title>
        <geoform>journal article</geoform>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>online</pubplace>
          <publish>Geomorphology</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <othercit>293PA:272-288</othercit>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.06.004</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </crossref>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <logic>No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted.</logic>
    <complete>Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details.</complete>
    <posacc>
      <horizpa>
        <horizpar>A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted.</horizpar>
      </horizpa>
    </posacc>
    <lineage>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>AeroMetric, Inc.</origin>
            <pubdate>2008</pubdate>
            <title>Harding Icefield 2 Meter DEM</title>
            <geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Anchorage, AK</pubplace>
              <publish>AeroMetric, Inc.</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <othercit>USGS contract no. 07CRCN0002, titled Kenai Fjords NP Glacier Lidar</othercit>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>disc</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20080830</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>2008 Harding Icefield DEM and hillshade</srccitea>
        <srccontr>The 2 m DEM and a hillshade made from the DEM provided a base layer for mapping that covered the entire study area except for the eastern parts of the Paradise Glacier basin.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>AeroMetric, Inc.</origin>
            <pubdate>2013</pubdate>
            <title>Exit Glacier 2012</title>
            <geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Anchorage, AK</pubplace>
              <publish>AeroMetric, Inc.</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <othercit>USGS contract, AeroMetric Job No. 6120911</othercit>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>800</srcscale>
        <typesrc>disc</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20121012</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>2012 Exit Creek Orthophoto</srccitea>
        <srccontr>This 0.15 m pixel orthophoto from scanned aerial photographic negatives served as the most recent base layer for mapping and interpretation.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office</origin>
            <pubdate>2007</pubdate>
            <title>MrSID Mosaic of IKONOS OrthoImagery for Kenai Fjords National Park</title>
            <geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Anchorage, AK</pubplace>
              <publish>National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office</publish>
            </pubinfo>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>disc</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <rngdates>
              <begdate>20050720</begdate>
              <enddate>20050910</enddate>
            </rngdates>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>2005 KEFJ Orthophoto</srccitea>
        <srccontr>This 1 m pixel orthophoto of Kenai Fjords National Park provided the most recent base layer for areas outside the extents of the 2008 Harding Icefield DEM.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>U.S. Geological Survey</origin>
            <origin>National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office</origin>
            <pubdate>Unknown</pubdate>
            <title>photo50.sid</title>
            <geoform>remote-sensing image</geoform>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Anchorage, AK</pubplace>
              <publish>National Park Service, Alaska Regional Office</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <othercit>USGS National Mapping Services aerial photograph 310.VV. 91 R.T.S. No-373 91S.R.W. 8 Aug. 50. 50 M-6; georeferenced by National Park Service to 5 visible ground control points</othercit>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <srcscale>40000</srcscale>
        <typesrc>disc</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>19500808</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>ground condition</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>1950 aerial photo</srccitea>
        <srccontr>This 1950 USGS aerial photo georeferenced by National Park Service provided the earliest high resolution image of the study area and was used for interpretation of 1950 fluvial and glacial conditions.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Curran, J.H., and McTeague, M.L.</origin>
            <pubdate>2011</pubdate>
            <title>Geomorphology and bank erosion of the Matanuska River, southcentral Alaska</title>
            <geoform>document</geoform>
            <serinfo>
              <sername>U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report</sername>
              <issue>2011-5214</issue>
            </serinfo>
            <pubinfo>
              <pubplace>Anchorage</pubplace>
              <publish>USGS</publish>
            </pubinfo>
            <othercit>Curran, J.H., and McTeague, M.L., 2011, Geomorphology and bank erosion of the Matanuska River, southcentral Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2011-5214, 52 p.</othercit>
            <onlink>http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2011/5214/</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>online</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>2011</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>publication date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>USGS SIR 2011-5214</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Geomorphic mapping of braid plain features closely followed techniques and surface identification in this report.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>We mapped selected braid plain features at a scale of about 1:2,000. Channel boundaries were mapped as the toes of stream banks because bank tops were less discernible. For simplicity, isolated non-fluvial features such as bedrock or moraines stranded within the braid plain were not delineated separately. Braid plain features were delineated from the 2012 orthophoto and elevation data, and from the 2005 orthophoto for areas along the Resurrection River and along the upstream part of Paradise Creek. The active braid plain was delineated for Exit and Paradise Creeks throughout the study area. For the portion of the Exit Creek braid plain downstream of the prominent moraines dating to the 1800s, we differentiated the active braid plain, encompassing the suite of wetted channels and largely unvegetated intervening bars, from the inactive braid plain, consisting of vegetated, formerly occupied channels and bars still considered accessible by channel migration without substantial bank erosion under current hydrologic processes. For this area, no distinction is made between by braiding and fan building processes. Areas along Exit and Paradise Creeks where freshly mobilized sediment around disturbed vegetation (in the 2012 orthophoto or field observations) suggested a transition from inactive to active braid plain were mapped as transitional braid plain. Features were delineated as polygons.</procdesc>
        <procdate>Unknown</procdate>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Vector</direct>
    <ptvctinf>
      <sdtsterm>
        <sdtstype>G-polygon</sdtstype>
        <ptvctcnt>6</ptvctcnt>
      </sdtsterm>
    </ptvctinf>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <planar>
        <gridsys>
          <gridsysn>Universal Transverse Mercator</gridsysn>
          <utm>
            <utmzone>6</utmzone>
            <transmer>
              <sfctrmer>0.9996</sfctrmer>
              <longcm>-147.0</longcm>
              <latprjo>0.0</latprjo>
              <feast>500000.0</feast>
              <fnorth>0.0</fnorth>
            </transmer>
          </utm>
        </gridsys>
        <planci>
          <plance>coordinate pair</plance>
          <coordrep>
            <absres>0.6096</absres>
            <ordres>0.6096</ordres>
          </coordrep>
          <plandu>Meter</plandu>
        </planci>
      </planar>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>D_North_American_1983</horizdn>
        <ellips>GRS_1980</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257222101</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>Exit_Paradise_C_2012_fluvial(Attribute Table)</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Table containing attribute information associated with the data set.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Id</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>A unique identifier for each polygon.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>0</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>feature</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>fluvial feature</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Exit Creek active braid plain</edomv>
            <edomvd>The suite of wetted channels and largely unvegetated intervening bars along Exit Creek in 2012.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Exit Creek inactive braid plain</edomv>
            <edomvd>Vegetated, formerly occupied channels and bars along Exit Creek in 2012 that are still considered accessible by channel migration under current hydrologic processes.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Exit Creek transitional braid plain</edomv>
            <edomvd>Areas along Exit Creek where freshly mobilized sediment around disturbed vegetation as of 2012 suggested a transition from inactive to active braid plain.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Paradise Creek active braid plain</edomv>
            <edomvd>The suite of wetted channels and largely unvegetated intervening bars, along Paradise Creek in 2012.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Paradise Creek transitional braid plain</edomv>
            <edomvd>Areas along Paradise Creek where freshly mobilized sediment around disturbed vegetation as of 2012 suggested a transition from inactive to active braid plain.</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
        <attrdomv>
          <edom>
            <edomv>Resurrection River</edomv>
            <edomvd>Undifferentiated Resurrection River</edomvd>
            <edomvds>Producer defined</edomvds>
          </edom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center</cntorg>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>4210 University Drive</address>
          <city>Anchorage</city>
          <state>AK</state>
          <postal>99508</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>907-786-7000</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ascweb@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <resdesc>Exit_Paradise_C_2012_fluvial is available in ESRI shapefile format for display in a Geographic Information System (GIS) and in Keyhole Markup Language (KML) format for display in a virtual globe.</resdesc>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>ZIP</formname>
          <formvern>None</formvern>
          <filedec>No compression applied.</filedec>
          <transize>0.5</transize>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/F75T3HJZ</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>None</fees>
    </stdorder>
    <custom>Zip file containing the geospatial data in KML and ESRI Shape file formats. The data package also contains the FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats.</custom>
    <techpreq>In order to properly visualize the data, users will need a geospatial viewer program such as ArcGIS, QGIS, Google Maps/Earth, Marble, or World Wind.</techpreq>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20201125</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center</cntorg>
          <cntper>Janet Curran</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>4210 University Drive</address>
          <city>Anchorage</city>
          <state>AK</state>
          <postal>99508</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>907-786-7000</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ascweb@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
