Arimitsu, Mayumi L. (ORCID: 0000-0001-6982-2238) Piatt, John F. (ORCID: 0000-0002-4417-5748) Heflin, Brielle H. (ORCID: 0000-0002-4836-9187) Marsteller, Caitlin E. (ORCID: 0000-0002-2430-0708) 20170418 tabular digital data Gulf Watch Alaska - Pelagic Ecosystems Forage Fish Component - Data from Prince William Sound: Distribution, Abundance, and Morphology of Fish, Zooplankton, and Predators and Oceanographic Conditions ver 5.0, May 2025 Anchorage, Alaska U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Suggested Citation: Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Heflin, B.M., Marsteller, C.E., 2017. Gulf Watch Alaska - Pelagic Ecosystems Forage Fish Component - data from Prince William Sound: distribution, abundance, and morphology of fish, zooplankton, and predators and oceanographic conditions (ver 5.0, May 2025): U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F74J0C9Z https://doi.org/10.5066/F74J0C9Z One table with the concentrations of inorganic nutrients (NO2, NO3, PO4, and SiOH4) in water samples collected during from multiple depths at sampling stations throughout Prince William Sound, Alaska. The data were collected to characterize nutrient concentrations at various sampling sites throughout Prince William Sound. These data are a component of an ecosystems approach to understanding forage fish distribution. This data package is part of the Pelagic Monitoring Component of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council’s integrated, multi-project program known as Gulf Watch Alaska (Long-term Monitoring of Marine Conditions and Injured Resources and Services). 2012 2024 observed Planned As needed Prince William Sound, Alaska -148.681 -146.013 61.148 59.991 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:ASC101 ISO 19115 Topic Category Biota Oceans Environment NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus Pelagic habitat USGS Thesaurus Coastal ecosystems Marine ecosystems Marine fishery resources None Inorganic Nutrients USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Alaska Gulf of Alaska Prince William Sound No access constraints. No use constraints. We request that the suggested citation of this USGS data release be included in any publications that reference or utilize these data. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov Funding was provided by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council and U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center. Kathy Krogslund, Marine Chemistry Laboratory at the School of Oceanography, University of Washington (UW), processed all nutrient samples at the UW lab. Arimitsu, M.L. Piatt, J.F. Heflin, B. Schoen, S.K. von Biela, V.R. 2018 document Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Long-term Monitoring Program (Gulf Watch Alaska) Final Report (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 16120114-O) Anchorage, Alaska Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Anchorage, Alaska Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Heflin, B., Schoen, S.K., von Biela, V.R., 2018. Monitoring long-term changes in forage fish distribution, abundance and body condition. Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Long-term Monitoring Program (Gulf Watch Alaska) Final Report (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Project 16120114-O). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Anchorage, Alaska. Unpublished report archived by the Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS) https://www.arlis.org [reference code: ILS:5083203] https://www.arlis.org/docs/vol1/EVOS/2018/16120114-O.pdf von Biela, V.R. Arimitsu, M.L. Piatt, J.F. Heflin, B. Schoen, S.K. Trowbridge, J.L. Clawson, C.M. 2019 journal article Marine Ecology Progress Series 613:171–182 online Inter-Research von Biela, V.R., Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Heflin, B., Schoen, S.K., Trowbridge, J.L., Clawson, C.M., 2019. Extreme reduction in the nutritional value of a key forage fish during the Pacific marine heatwave of 2014–2016. Marine Ecology Progress Series 613:171–182, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12891 https://doi.org/10.3354/meps12891 Arimitsu, M.L. Piatt, J.F. Hatch, S.A. + 18 others 2021 journal article Global Change Biology 27(9):1859-1878 online Wiley Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Hatch, S.A., Suryan, R.M., Batten, S.D., Bishop, M.A., Campbell, R.W., Coletti, H.A., Cushing, D.A., Gorman, K., Hopcroft, R.R., Kuletz, K.J., Marsteller, C.E., McKinstry, C.A.E., McGowan, D., Moran, J.R., Pegau, W.S., Schaefer, A., Schoen, S.K., Straley, J.M., von Biela, V.R., 2021. Heatwave-induced synchrony within forage fish portfolio disrupts energy flow to top pelagic predators. Global Change Biology 27(9):1859-1878, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15556 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.15556 Suryan, R.M. Arimitsu, M.L. Coletti, H.A. + 46 others 2021 journal article Scientific Reports 11:6235 online Nature Portfolio Suryan, R.M., Arimitsu, M.L., Coletti, H.A., Hopcroft, R.R., Lindeberg, M.R., Barbeaux, S.J., Batten, S.D., Burt, W.J., Bishop, M.A., Bodkin, J.L., Brenner, R.E., Campbell, R.W., Cushing, D.A., Danielson, S.L., Dorn, M.W., Drummond, B., Esler, D., Gelatt, T., Hanselman, D.H., Hatch, S.A., Haught, S., Holderied, K., Iken, K., Iron, D.B., Kettle, A.B., Kimmel, D.G., Konar, B., Kuletz, K.J., Laurel, B.J., Maniscalco, J.M., Matkin, C., McKinstry, C.A.E., Monson, D.H., Moran, J.R., Olsen, D., Palsson, W.A., Pegau, W.S., Piatt, J.F., Rogers, L.A., Rojek, N.A., Schaefer, A., Spies, I.B., Straley, J.M., Strom, S.L., Sweeney, K.L., Szymkowiak, M., Weitzman, B.P., Yasumiishi, E.M., Zador, S.G., 2021. Ecosystem response persists after a prolonged marine heatwave. Scientific Reports 11:6235, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83818-5 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83818-5 Arimitsu, M.L. Piatt, J.F. Hatch, S.A. + 19 others 2021 book chapter Long-Term Monitoring Program (Gulf Watch Alaska) Synthesis Report Chapter 3 online Gulf Watch Alaska Arimitsu, M., Piatt, J.F., Hatch, S.A., Suryan, R.M., Batten, S., Bishop, M.A., Campbell, R.W., Coletti, H., Cushing, D., Gorman, K., Haught, S., Hopcroft, R.R., Kuletz, K.J., Marsteller, C.E., McKinstry, C., McGowan, D., Moran, J., Pegau, W.S., Schaefer, A., Schoen, S.K., Straley, J., von Biela, V.R., 2021. Reduced quality and synchronous collapse of forage species disrupts trophic transfer during a prolonged marine heatwave. In: Suryan, R.M., Lindeberg, M.R., Aderhold, D.R. (eds), The Pacific Marine Heatwave: Monitoring During a Major Perturbation in the Gulf of Alaska. Long-Term Monitoring Program (Gulf Watch Alaska) Synthesis Report, (Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council Program 19120114). Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, Anchorage, Alaska https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70220895 Donnelly, D. Arimitsu, M.L. Pegau, W.S. Piatt, J.F. 2024 journal article Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 16(2):e10283 online Wiley Donnelly, D., Arimitsu, M.L., Pegau, W.S., Piatt, J.F., 2024. Quantifying spatiotemporal variation of nearshore forage fish schools with aerial surveys in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Marine and Coastal Fisheries: Dynamics, Management, and Ecosystem Science 16(2):e10283, https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10283 https://doi.org/10.1002/mcf2.10283 Samples were monitored and kept frozen from collection to processing. Laboratory protocols for calibration and analysis at the University of Washington Marine Chemistry lab followed established protocols (UNESCO 1994). Attribute values fall within expected ranges. Blank cells indicate data that were not collected or are not provided. No data were omitted. Latitude and longitude were obtained from commercially available Garmin GPS units, accuracy estimated to be within 4 m. METHODS - FIELD: Water samples were collected by the Ecosampler attached to a Conductivity- Temperature-Depth (CTD) profiler, the three ecosampling bottles were programed before the CTD cast to close/collect water at bottom depth of cast, 10 meters and surface on the up cast. Oceanographic conditions were sampled with a Seabird Electronics SBE19 CTD equipped with sensors to measure in situ temperature, salinity, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, LI-193 Spherical Quantum Sensor), and beam attenuation (C-Star WET Labs). The water samples for inorganic nutrient concentration (µM) analysis were frozen in clean 60 ml HDPE sample bottles, and later processed at the University of Washington Marine Chemistry lab. Unknown METHODS - LAB: The concentration of inorganic nutrients (NO2, NO3, PO4, and SiOH4) in water samples were analyzed by the Marine Chemistry Laboratory at the School of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, WA. Following the protocols for the joint global ocean flux study core measurements (UNESCO, 1994). For more information see https://www.ocean.washington.edu/story/Marine+Chemistry+Laboratory Unknown LITERATURE CITED: Arimitsu, M.L., Piatt, J.F., Litzow, M.A., Abookire, A.A., Romano, M.D., Robards, M.D., 2008. Distribution and spawning dynamics of capelin (Mallotus villosus) in Glacier Bay, Alaska: a cold water refugium. Fisheries Oceanography 17(2):137-146, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00470.x UNESCO-Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research, 1994. Protocols for the joint global ocean flux study (JGOFS) core measurements. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC), Manual and Guides vol 29, https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000099739 Valderrama, J.C., 1981. The simultaneous analysis of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in natural waters. Marine Chemistry 10(2):109-122, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(81)90027-X Unknown Point 0.0001 0.0001 Decimal degrees World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) World Geodetic System of 1984 (WGS84) 6378137 298.257223563 nutrient_depthProfile_princeWilliamSound.csv Table with nutrient concentrations of inorganic nutrients (NO2, NO3, PO4, and SiOH4) from water samples collected at each sampling station. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table. Author defined station Sampling station reference number Author defined Unique identifier for each sampling station. A concatenation of sample year and a unique sequential number. date Date of sample collection. Blank cells indicate data that were not recorded. Author defined Date of sample collection (MM/DD/YYYY) latitude Latitude of sampling station. Blank cells indicate data that were not recorded. Author defined Latitude of sampling station in decimal degrees (WGS84) longitude Longitude of sampling station. Blank cells indicate data that were not recorded. Author defined Longitude of sampling station in decimal degrees (WGS84) depth Depth where sample was collected in the water column. Samples from 2m are considered to be surface samples. Author defined Depth where sample was collected in meters (m) PO4 Phosphate concentration Author defined Phosphate concentration, microMolar (μM) NO3 Nitrate concentration Author defined Nitrate concentration, microMolar (μM) SiOH4 Silicic acid concentration Author defined Silicic acid concentration, microMolar (μM) NO2 Nitrite concentration Author defined Nitrite concentration, microMolar (μM) U.S. Geological Survey USGS ScienceBase Team Mailing and Physical

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Denver Colorado 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source of these data, distributed by ScienceBase (a USGS Trusted Digital Repository). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. CSV Tabular data in CSV format; FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats. https://doi.org/10.5066/F74J0C9Z None Gulf Watch Alaska Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA (907) 278-8012 https://gulfwatchalaska.org Gulf Watch Alaska is the long-term ecosystem monitoring program of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council for the marine ecosystem affected by the 1989 oil spill. Gulf Watch Alaska is an alternative distributor of these data. The USGS Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source and distributor of these data. To facilitate discovery and access, the data are also available through Gulf Watch Alaska via the Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) - Gulf of Alaska Data Portal. The USGS Alaska Science Center is not responsible for the accuracy, maintenance, or integrity of any alternative source of these data. CSV https://portal.aoos.org/gulf-of-alaska#metadata/3ca497e2-3421-4fa4-a550-f4d397a73c07/project None The Alaska Ocean Observing System (AOOS) - Gulf of Alaska Data Portal is accessible at: https://portal.aoos.org/gulf-of-alaska# 20250506 U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) FGDC-STD-001.1-1999