U.S. Geological Survey 2013 vector digital data Open-File Report 2012-1183 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20121183 https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/ https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/data/NorthShore/NorthShore_intersects_LTwo.zip Theresa L. Smith Emily A. Himmelstoss E. Robert Thieler 2013 Open-File Report 2012-1183 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/ Due to continued coastal population growth and increased threats of erosion, current data on trends and rates of shoreline movement are required to inform shoreline and floodplain management. The Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management launched the Shoreline Change Project in 1989 to identify erosion-prone areas of the coast. In 2001, a 1994 shoreline was added to calculate both long- and short-term shoreline change rates at 40-meter intervals along ocean-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast. The Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management, has compiled reliable historical shoreline data along open-facing sections of the Massachusetts coast under the Massachusetts Shoreline Change Mapping and Analysis Project 2013 Update. Two oceanfront shorelines for Massachusetts (approximately 1,800 km in total length) were (1) delineated using 2008/09 color aerial orthoimagery, and (2) extracted from topographic LIDAR datasets (2007) obtained from NOAA's Ocean Service, Coastal Services Center. The new shorelines were integrated with existing Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management and USGS historical shoreline data in order to compute long- and short-term rates using the latest version of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS). This dataset contains the measurement locations used by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software to compute long-term rate of change statistics for the North Shore region of Massachusetts. The points represent the individual shoreline locations along each measurement transect generated by DSAS. The data can be used to identify the number of shorelines used to compute rates at a given location as well as the specific shoreline dates. Long-term linear regression statistics were calculated without shorelines from 1970-1979 and 1994, which contained greater inaccuracies due to uncertain source photography, registration errors, storm events and poor contrast. 2013 publication date Complete None planned -70.991585 -70.587364 42.875600 42.341659 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:9e075b19-1a9a-4dc6-a10c-94cfadaaccbd None Esri point shapefile Shoreline Historic Shoreline long-term Shoreline Change Rate Erosion Accretion Intersects Measurement Locations Baseline Transect Digital Shoreline Analysis System DSAS U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans USGS Thesaurus geospatial datasets coastal processes None Atlantic Coast United States New England Massachusetts North Shore Salisbury Gloucester Boston Harbor None These data were automatically generated using the DSAS version 4.3 software application and should only be used for purposes explicitly stated by the originating organization. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Massachusetts Office of Coastal Zone Management as the originators of this dataset. U.S. Geological Survey Theresa Smith Contract Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 theresasmith@usgs.gov Microsoft Windows Vista Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.1.1850 E.R. Thieler T.L. Smith Julia Knisel D.W. Sampson 2013 Open-File Report 2012-1189 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1189/ E.R. Thieler E.A. Himmelstoss J.L. Zichichi A. Ergul 2009 Open-File Report 2008-1278 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Current version is 4.3 https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278 E. Robert Thieler James F. O'Connell Courtney A. Schupp 20010904 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Administrative Report http://www.mass.gov/czm/hazards/pdf/sc_technical_report.pdf http://www.mass.gov/czm/hazards/shoreline_change/shorelinechangeproject.htm The attributes of this dataset are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System and were automatically generated by the software during the calculation of shoreline change rates performed by the software. These data were generated using DSAS v.4.3, an automated software program which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. The measurement locations are generated during the rate calculation process, after editing of the transects is complete. This dataset contains the measurement locations automatically established during the generation of transects by the DSAS software application and were used to calculate long-term shoreline change rates for the region. Additional measurement locations would have been generated for the 1970 and 1995 shorelines at each transect, but these shoreline data were excluded from the rate calculations. These data are part of a state-wide assessment of shoreline change that includes over 26,500 individual transect locations that were used to compute both short- and long-term rates of change, based on almost 9200 linear kilometers of historical shoreline position data. It is very likely that some gross errors or blunders were introduced during compilation and analysis of this large amount of information. Such errors have been described in the context of shoreline change mapping as coarse errors (Fenster and others, 2001) and can generally be considered to affect only a very small percentage of the overall dataset. Fenster, M.S., Dolan, R., and Morton, R.A., 2001, Coastal storms and shoreline change: signal or noise?: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 3, p. 714-720. The bias and uncertainty data associated with the 2000 lidar shoreline were previously published by the USGS (OFR 2012-1119) and are organized in two separate files for the North Shore region boundaries of this study (NewEnglandN_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf and GreaterBoston_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf ). Therefore, the rate calculations were run twice (once for each uncertainty table) to compute a complete set of bias-corrected rates for the North Shore region. The NewEnglandN_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf file and the GreaterBoston_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf files were imported to the geodatabase containing the North Shore data. The tables were renamed to match the corresponding shoreline shapefiles (NewEnglandN_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf was renamed NorthShoreA_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf, and GreaterBoston_shorelines_uncertainty.dbf was renamed NorthShoreB_shorelines_uncertainty). Rate Calculations Performed using DSAS v.4.3 for ArcMap v.10 for the North Shore A subregion. Parameters Used: shoreline layer=NorthShore_shorelines, shoreline date field=Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name=Uncy (additional shoreline data stored in NorthShoreA_shoreline_uncertainty.dbf), the default accuracy=10.8 meters, shoreline intersection parameters=nearest, stats calculations=[Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], shoreline threshold=3, confidence interval=90%, Output rate table name=NorthShoreA_transects_rates_20121017_095801. Output intersects table name=NorthShoreA_transects_intersect_20121017_095801.dbf. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by Theresa Smith. 20121017 Theresa Smith U.S. Geological Survey Contract Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 theresasmith@usgs.gov The shoreline intersects output table contains X- and Y-coordinate information for each shoreline measurement on DSAS transects. This table (NorthShoreA_transects_intersect_20121017_095801.dbf) was used to create a temporary event theme to preview the transect/shoreline measurement locations in ArcMap. The intersects file was right-clicked in the ArcMap (v.10) table of contents. "Display XY data..." was chosen from the pop-up menu. A new Display XY Data window opens and the following parameters were entered: X Field: IntersectX; Y Field; Intersect Y; Z Field: <None>; Coordinate System of Input Coordinates: NAD_1983_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001. 20121017 The temporary event theme is saved to a shapefile by right-clicking the NorthShoreA_transects_intersect_20121017_095801 Events layer in the table of contents (ArcMap 10) and choosing Data > Export Data from the pop-up menu. This opens an Export Data window where the following parameters were entered: Export: All features; Select "Use the same coordinate system as this layer's source data"; Output feature class: NorthShoreA_intersects_LTwo.shp. 20121017 The transects_rates output feature class for the North Shore A section (NorthShoreA_transects_rates_LTwo.shp) was joined to the intersects feature class (NorthShoreA_intersects_LTwo) in ArcMap v.10 by right-clicking on the intersects layer > joins and relates > join > join attributes from a table. Parameters: join field - TransectID; table to join - NorthShoreA_transects_rates_LTwo.dbf; field in table: TransectID; join options - keep all records. The joined feature class' attribute table was displayed in ArcMap (v.10). Using standard editing tools, intersect data corresponding to transects 923-3957 were deleted from the file, as they extend outside the North Shore A subregion. 20121017 Rate Calculations Performed using DSAS v4.3 for the North Shore B subregion on selected features only (without the 1970s and 1994 shorelines) in ArcGIS v.10. Parameters Used: shoreline layer=NorthShoreB_shorelines, shoreline date field=Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name=Uncy (additional shoreline data stored in NorthShoreB_shoreline_uncertainty.dbf), the default accuracy=10.8 meters, shoreline intersection parameters=nearest, stats calculations=[Shoreline Change Envelope (SCE), Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), Linear Regression Rate (LRR)], shoreline threshold=3, confidence interval=90%, Output rate table name=NorthShoreB_transects_rates_20121017_110658.dbf. Output intersects table name=NorthShoreB_transects_intersect_20121017_110658.dbf. 20121017 The shoreline intersects output table contains X- and Y-coordinate information for each shoreline measurement on DSAS transects. This table (NorthShoreB_transects_intersect_20121017_110658.dbf) was used to create a temporary event theme to preview the transect/shoreline measurement locations in ArcMap. The intersects file was right-clicked in the ArcMap (v.10) table of contents. "Display XY data..." was chosen from the pop-up menu. A new Display XY Data window opens and the following parameters were entered: X Field: IntersectX; Y Field; Intersect Y; Z Field: <None>; Coordinate System of Input Coordinates: NAD_1983_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001. 20121017 The temporary event theme is saved to a shapefile by right-clicking the NorthShoreB_transects_intersect_20121017_110658 Events layer in the table of contents (ArcMap 10) and choosing Data > Export Data from the pop-up menu. This opens an Export Data window where the following parameters were entered: Export: All features; Select "Use the same coordinate system as this layer's source data"; Output feature class: NorthShoreB_intersects_LTwo.shp. 20121017 The transects_rates output feature class for the North Shore B section (NorthShoreB_transects_rates_LTwo.shp) was joined to the intersects feature class (NorthShoreB_intersects_LTwo) in ArcMap v.10 by right-clicking on the intersects layer > joins and relates > join > join attributes from a table. Parameters: join field - TransectID; table to join - NorthShoreB_transects_rates_LTwo.dbf; field in table: TransectID; join options - keep all records. The joined feature class' attribute table was displayed in ArcMap (v.10). Using standard editing tools, intersect data corresponding to transects 1-922 were deleted from the file, as they extend outside the North Shore B subregion. 20121017 The NorthShoreA_intersects_LTwo and NorthShoreB_intersects_LTwo feature classes were exported from the personal geodatabase back to a shapefile in ArcCatalog (v.10) by right-clicking on one of the rates files > Export > To Shapefile (multiple). The shapefiles were then merged in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.10), Data Management Tools > General > Merge, to produce one set of results for display and publication purposes encompassing the whole extent of the North Shore region. The file was renamed NorthShore_intersects_LTwo.shp. 20121017 The merged intersect shapefile was projected in Esri's ArcToolbox (v.10) > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection - NAD_1983_StatePlane_Massachusetts_Mainland_FIPS_2001; output projection - geographic coordinates (NAD83); transformation - none. 20121017 Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.36 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. Added a landing page link as the first link in the identification section. Fixed online link to DSAS cross-reference. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20171011 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov USGS Thesaurus keywords added to the keyword section. 20180720 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. 20191118 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector Entity point 13976 State Plane Coordinate System 1983 2001 41.716667 42.683333 -71.500000 41.000000 200000.000000 750000.000000 coordinate pair 0.000001 0.000001 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.000000 298.257222 NorthShore_intersects_LTwo Measurement points used to calculate long-term shoreline change statistics U.S. Geological Survey FID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the features. OBJECTID Internal feature number used within geodatabase. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. TransectId Used as a permanent and unique identification number (same as ObjectID field in Transect attribute table) for each transect calculated by DSAS. This attribute was used as the common field when joining the intersects table (.dbf) to the transect feature class in a geodatabase. U.S. Geological Survey Positive real numbers that are automatically generated. BaselineId Unique identification number of the baseline segment. If BaselineID=0 no transects were generated. Used by DSAS to determine transect ordering alongshore if multiple baseline segments exist. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited ShorelineI Date of shoreline position; date of survey as indicated on source material in the format of mm/dd/yyyy. A default date of 07/01 was assigned to shorelines where only the year was known (month and day unknown). Using July, the mid-point month of the calendar year, minimizes the potential offset to the actual shoreline date by a maximum of six months. U.S. Geological Survey 07/01/1847 04/16/2008 Distance The along-transect distance from the baseline to the shoreline point measured in meters (MA State Plane, NAD 83). Positive values are used when the reference baseline is landward (onshore) of the shorelines. Negative values are used when the reference baseline is seaward (offshore) of the shorelines. The positive/negative values provide appropriate directionality for calculating erosional or accretional trends in shoreline movement. U.S. Geological Survey -767.544754 -0.88268 IntersectX Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the X coordinate of the shoreline measurement point at each transect in meter units (MA State Plane, NAD 83). U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. IntersectY Assigned by DSAS automatically to record the Y coordinate of the shoreline measurement point at each transect in meter units (MA State Plane, NAD 83). U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 Downloadable data. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Shapefile ArcGIS 10 Esri point shapefile This WinZip (version 16.5) file contains a shapefile of measurement locations (intersects) generated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System used to calculate long-term rates for the North Shore region of Massachusetts. Metadata is also included. Use WinZip or pkUnzip 1 https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2012/1183/data/NorthShore/NorthShore_intersects_LTwo.zip Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW). None This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. 20211116 Theresa Smith U.S. Geological Survey Contract Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the metadata contact is no longer with the USGS or the email is otherwise invalid. FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time