U.S. Geological Survey 2017 1.0 vector digital data data release DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, Massachusetts U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/bathymetry/2012-024-FA_SWATHPlusTracklines.zip Seth D. Ackerman David S. Foster Eric M. Moore Barry J. Irwin Dann S. Blackwood Christopher R. Sherwood 2017 1.0 data release DOI:10.5066/F7PG1Q7V Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Ackerman S.D., Foster D.S., Moore E.M., Irwin B.J., Blackwood D.S., and Sherwood, C.R., 2017, High-resolution geophysical and sampling data collected at the mouth of the Connecticut River, Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, 2012: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V A geophysical and geological survey was conducted at the mouth of the Connecticut River from Old Saybrook to Essex, Connecticut, in September 2012. Approximately 230 linear kilometers of digital Chirp subbottom (seismic-reflection) and 234-kilohertz interferometric sonar (bathymetric and backscatter) data were collected along with sediment samples, riverbed photographs, and (or) video at 88 sites within the geophysical survey area. Sediment grab samples were collected at 72 of the 88 sampling sites, video was acquired at 68 sites, and photographs of the river bottom were taken at 38 sites. These survey data are used to characterize the riverbed by identifying sediment-texture and riverbed morphology. More information can be found on the web page for the Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center field activity: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. The swath sonar data collected along these tracklines were used to define the riverbed morphology in the Connecticut River. This dataset contains approximately 230 linear kilometers of trackline navigation for interferometric sonar (Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. SWATHPlus-M) bathymetric and backscatter data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River in 2012 during USGS field activity 2012-024-FA. More information can be found on the WHCMSC Field Activity webpage: https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/fan_info.php?fan=2012-024-FA. Data collected during the 2012 survey can be obtained here: https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V. 20120915 20120921 ground condition of survey dates: 20120915-20120921; no sonar data were collected on 20120918; see Completeness_Report for more information Complete None planned -72.414853 -72.333522 41.389383 41.239780 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:91e76c4a-f28d-42c8-a68f-cf766b37de8d None U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC seafloor sea floor Marine Geology field activity 2012-024-FA field activity number 12024 shapefile trackline survey line bathymetry backscatter swath bathymetry interferometry SEA SWATHPlus SEA Submetrix R/V Rafael USGS Thesaurus marine geophysics navigational data bathymetry sea-floor acoustic reflectivity sea-floor characteristics interferometric sonar Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) keywords marine geophysics marine geology estuary river ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans location None North America United States Atlantic Ocean Connecticut Connecticut River Long Island Sound Old Saybrook Essex None Seafloor Sea floor Riverbed River bed Surface None 2012 None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the source of this information. Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/bathymetry/2012-024-FA_SWATHPlusTracklines_browse.jpg Swath sonar trackline navigation from the Connecticut River JPEG Any spurious data points were removed during processing. The patch test lines and line 1 were collected in Long Island Sound, not in the study area of the Connecticut River. This dataset includes all of the swath-sonar trackline navigation that was collected for USGS field activity 2012-024-FA. Although this shapefile includes trackline navigation from all the swath sonar data, only quality sonar data along the main survey lines within the survey area were included in the final bathymetry rasters (2012-024-FA_Bathymetry2m) and backscatter imagery (2012-024-FA_Backscatter1m) found in this report (https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V). Time gaps occurred during this field activity where no surveying was done due to bad weather, rough seas and stops in surveying for equipment issues. No sonar data were collected on Tuesday 20120918. USGS Field Activity 2012-024-FA: Navigation for SWATHplus-M system was acquired with a Coda Octopus F180 Real-time Kinematic Global Positioning System (RTK-GPS); which is accurate to less than 1 meter (typically on the order of centimeters) horizontally. The SWATHplus-M transducers were mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. The RTK-GPS antenna was located on the same pole approximately 2.48 m above the sea surface. Horizontal sounding positions with offsets adjustments were recorded to raw sonar data files (SXR) via SWATHplus acquisition software (version 3.07.17.00). U.S. Geological Survey Unpublished Material disc 20120915 20120921 ground condition of survey dates: 20120915-20120921; no sonar data were collected on 20120918; see Completeness_Report for more information raw data This trackline navigation dataset documents the ship tracks along which swath sonar was collected by the US Geological Survey during field activity 2012-024-FA. A 234 kHz Systems Engineering and Assessment Ltd. (SEA) SWATHplus-M interferometric sonar was mounted on a rigid pole on the bow of the R/V Rafael. Data were acquired during September 2012. 1. Raw to Processed conversion for USGS field activity 2012-024-FA: Each raw SWATHplus bathymetric sonar file (SXR) was converted to a SWATHplus processed file (SXP) using SEA SWATHplus Swath Processor (ver. 3.07.17.0). During the conversion process, sound velocity profiles were used to minimize potential refraction artifacts from fluctuations in the speed of sound within the water column. Various bathymetric filters were applied to eliminate sounding outliers. Predicted tidal information was merged into the processed file (SXP) during this conversion, however final tidal corrections were applied later in the processing flow. Bathymetric filtering typically included low amplitude (100%), range (0-4m), box (3-50m depth, 1.5-75m horizontal), median (window size 5), alongtrack 1 (depth difference of 5-m, window size 5-m, and learn rate of 0.7), alongtrack 2 (depth difference of 1.5-m, window size 1m, and learn rate of 0.9), and mean filters (0.25m). These represent the typical parameters used for the majority of the survey but slight adjustments were required for some areas. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person - Seth Ackerman. raw data 2013 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 (508) 548-8700x2315 (508) 457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov 2. CARIS processing for USGS field activity 2012-024-FA: A new CARIS HIPS project (ver. 8.0) was created for this field activity with projection information set to Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) Zone 18, WGS84. Each SWATHPlus processed file (sxp) was imported to the new CARIS project using the Import/Conversion Wizard. A 2-meter resolution Bathymetric and Statistical Error (BASE) Surface was created from the files for each Julian day. The BASE surface for each day was reviewed for any inconsistencies or data anomalies. Navigation was reviewed and edited as needed using the navigation editor tool. 2012 3. Perl, AWK, Python and Shell scripts were used to extract and reformat the navigation fixes stored in the CARIS HIPS database and add them to a SQLite database (version 3.7.9) that was geospatially extended using SpatiaLite (version 3.0.1). The processing flow for this step follows: A. Extract navigation for each line in CARIS HDCS directory using Perl script do_CARIS_nav3_2012_024.pl (which runs the CARIS program printfNav for all the lines in the HDCS dir). (Extracted navigation file is tab-delimited in format YYYY-JD HH:MM:SS:FFF DD.LAT DD.LONG SSSSS_VVVVV_YYYY-JD_LLLL AR where YYYY=year, JD=Julian Day, HH=hour, MM=minute, SS=seconds, FFF=fractions of a second, DD.LAT=latitude in decimal degrees, DD.LONG=longitude in decimal degrees, SSSSS=survey name, VVVVV=vessel name, LLLL=linename, AR=accepted or rejected navigation fix). This step creates the directory of TXT navigation files for each survey line in the CARIS project. B. The output TXT files from the printfNav process are parsed to remove rejected navigation records then reformatted into CSV files containing additional fields for survey ID, vessel name and system name using Shell and AWK scripts. C. A Python script (pySQLBathNav) runs on each reformatted CSV file parsing the file from each record and adding points to the SQLite database (which is created if it does not already exist). The pySQLBathNav script creates both point and trackline navigation for each survey line. D. When all of the survey lines have been processed into SQLite database, a polyline shapefile is exported from the database using spatialite_tools (ver. 4.1.1). Steps B, C and D were all run within a shell script called printfnavconv. 20161020 4. XTools Pro (version 12.0) for ArcGIS desktop (version 10.3) was used (Table Operations - Table Restructure) to rename long attribute headings in the polyline shapefile's attribute table. Table attributes for the survey line ('LineName'), Year and Julian day ('Yr_JD_str') survey line started, Julian day and UTC time ('JD_UTC_str') survey line started, Year and Julian day ('Yr_JD_end') survey line ended, Julian day and UTC time ('JD_UTC_end') survey line ended, survey ID ('SurveyID'), survey vessel name ('VehicleID'), device used to collect the data ('DeviceID') and length field ('Length_km') of each line were already populated but renamed if necessary. 20161020 Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector String 169 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees WGS_1984 WGS 84 6378137.000000 298.257224 012-024-FA_SWATHPlusTracklines Trackline for swath sonar system USGS FID Internal feature number ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features LineName Survey line/file name; generally in the format l###f@ where ### is the name of the trackline along which swath bathymetric data were collected, @ is the file iteration (indicates the survey line was split into multiple files during acquisition). For example: survey line 8 was interrupted 5 minutes into the line, the ship circled around to the location where surveying was paused; there are 2 tracklines for line 8 "l8f1" and "l8f2". USGS String up to 6 characters Yr_JD_str Year and Julian day of the start of data collection for a specific survey line where Julian day is the integer number (although recorded here in text string format) representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection. For example: the Yr_JD_str field for l10f1 is "2012-260" USGS 8 character string JD_UTC_str Julian day and time in UTC of the start of data collection for a specific survey line where Julian day is the integer number representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection and UTC time is time represented in the format "hh:mm:ss". For example: the JD_UTC_str field for l10f1 is "260:14:50:16" USGS 12 character string Yr_JD_end Year and Julian day of the end of data collection for a specific survey line where Julian day is the integer number (although recorded here in text string format) representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection. For example: the Yr_JD_end field for l10f1 is "2012-260" USGS 8 character string JD_UTC_end Julian day and time in UTC of the end of data collection for a specific survey line where Julian day is the integer number representing the interval of time in days since January 1 of the year of collection and UTC time is time represented in the format "hh:mm:ss". For example: the JD_UTC_end field for l10f1 is "260:15:08:06" USGS 12 character string SurveyID WHCMSC field activity identifier in the new style (e.g. "2012-024-FA" where 2012 is the survey year, 024 is survey number of that year, and FA is Field Activity). USGS 11 character string VehicleID Name of the survey vessel used for data collection (e.g. "R/V Rafael") USGS 10 character string DeviceID Name of the sonar device used to collect swath bathymetric sonar data (e.g. "SWATHplus 234(M)") USGS 16 character string Length_km Length of the swath bathymetric survey line in kilometers (UTM Zone 18N, WGS84) as calculated in the SQLite database. USGS 0.11 3.90 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 sackerman@usgs.gov USGS data release 2012-024-FA swath sonar navigation tracklines from the Connecticut River. The zip file contains a shapefile (2012-024-FA_SWATHPlusTracklines.shp), browse graphic (2012-024-FA_SWATHPlusTracklines_browse.jpg) and metadata files in standard formats. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. SHP SpatiaLite ver. 4.1.1 polyline shapefile Trackline navigation for swath sonar data (interferometric-sonar) collected by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Connecticut River. This includes associated metadata. Use 7zip, WinZip, Peazip, pkUnzip, Keka or other uncompressing software 0.8 https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/data/bathymetry/2012-024-FA_SWATHPlusTracklines.zip https://doi.org/10.5066/F7PG1Q7V https://cmgds.marine.usgs.gov/data/field-activity-data/2012-024-FA/ The first link is a direct link to download the zipped file of the backscatter imagery and metadata. The second and third links will both take you to the field activity data page containing all of the available data from this survey including this dataset. none This zip file contains data available in shapefile format. The zip file also contains associated metadata. The user must have software to read and process the data file. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from Esri at www.esri.com. 20240318 Seth Ackerman U.S. Geological Survey Geologist mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Rd.

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 x2315 508-457-2310 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time