Jo Ann M. Gronberg, Amy S. Ludkte, and Donna L. Knifong, U.S. Geological Survey 2014 raster digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://water.usgs.gov/lookup/getspatial?sir2014-5067_atm_ndep_1982 Jo Ann M. Gronberg, Amy S. Ludkte, and Donna L. Knifong, U.S. Geological Survey 2014 U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2014-5067 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20145067 Annual inorganic nitrogen wet deposition were estimated for the conterminous United States for 1982. The estimates were derived from inorganic nitrogen concentrations from wet-deposition samples and precipitation depth data. These data are intended to be used to calculate inorganic nitrogen input (or load) associated with atmospheric wet deposition to surface-water basins and groundwater recharge areas. These data were developed to support hydrologic studies that are part of the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. 19820101 19821231 Conterminous United States Complete None planned -125 -65 50 24 USGS Thesaurus inorganic nitrogen wet deposition USGS Thesaurus atmospheric deposition USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:8de944a2-66c3-49e7-af9e-d5bb53e55e6d Geographic Names Information System Conterminous United States None Although these data have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only an does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. U.S. Geological Survey Jo Ann M. Gronberg Hydrologist unknown

345 Middlefield Road, MS 470

Menlo Park California 94025 650-329-4423 jmgronbe@usgs.gov https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/browse/sir2014-5067_atm_ndep_1982.jpg Illustration of dataset JPEG The authors would like to thank Mark Nilles of the USGS Office of Water Quality, Greg Wetherbee of the USGS Branch of Quality Systems, Richard Artz of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Brian Kerschner of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program for guidance throughout this process. Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; Esri ArcGIS 10.1.1.3143 Inorganic nitrogen concentration values were checked with hard-copy maps. None. Spatial: Dataset covers the conterminous United States. Temporal: Dataset covers 1981 through 1984 National Atmospheric Deposition Program 20130101 National Trends Network 2013 onLine 19810101 19841231 Unknown NADP This publication provided the average annual ammonium and nitrate concentrations for 1981 through 1984. PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University 20130730 onLine 19810101 19841231 Unknown PRISM Modeled annual precipitation data for the conterminous United States for 1981 - 1984. Curtis V. Price, Naomi Nakagaki, and Kerie J. Hitt, U.S. Geological Survey 20100101 U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1268 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1268/ None 20130824 20130824 Unknown NACT Tool for creating non-overlapping buffer groups Step 1. Preprocessing - data were restricted to sites where: a) there are valid samples for at least 75 percent of the summary period b) precipitation amounts are available either from the rain gage or from the sample volume for at least 90 percent of the summary period, and c) there are valid samples for at least 75 percent of the total measured precipitation. Step 2. Create NADP data points a) Define data frame coordinate properties. Projection file is predefined and found in Projected Coordinate Systems, Continental, North America, USGS Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS (USA_Contiguous_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic_USGS) b) File -> Add Data -> Add XY data. i) The site data is in nadp_data.xlsx, worksheet "Seasonal Precipitation-Weighted' ii) X Field = Longitude iii) Y Field = Latitude iv) Coordinate System of Input Coordinates is predefined and found Geographic Coordinate System, North America, NAD83 in (GCS_North_Amercan_1983) v) 'Seasonal Precipitation-Weighted$' Events is created c) Export Event data as feature point dataset: nadp_alldata, projecting on the fly into data frame coordinates Step 3. Import PRISM data a) Downloaded annual 1982 data from http://www.prism.oregonstate.edu/products/matrix.phtml?vartype=ppt&view=data b) Create precipitation rasters for 1982: ArcToolbox -> Conversion Tools -> to Raster -> ASCII to Raster output: ppt1982 c) Define projection: ArcToolbox -> Data Management Tools -> Projections and Transformations -> Raster -> Define Projection (GCS_WGS_1972) d) Project to USA_Contiguous_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic_USGS and resample to half the original projected resolution (2338.383 m by 2338.383 m cells): ArcToolbox -> Data Management Tools -> Projections and Transformations -> Feature -> Project i) Input: ppt1982 ii) Output: ppt1982p iii) Output: Coordinate System: USA_Contiguous_Albers_Equal_Area_Conic_USGS_version iv) Geographic Tranformation: WGS_1972_To_WGS_1984_1 and NAD_1983_To_WGS_1984_1 NOTE: Steps 4 through 7 developed by Brian Kerschner of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program Step 4. Import precipitation data associated with NADP sites a) Add PRISM data to ArcMap: ppt1982p b) Add NADP 1982 point data to ArcMap: ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Extract -> Select i) Input: nadp_alldata ii) Output: nadpppt82 iii) Expression: "YEAR" = 1982 c) Add new field (RASTERVALU) to point attribute table, containing PRISM surface value: ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst -> Extract Values as Points i) Input point feature: nadpppt82 ii) Input raster: ppt1982p iii) Output: nadpppt82e d) Add new field "delta" e) Calculate difference between PRISM estimated precipitation value and precipitation measured at the associated NADP site: ArcToolbox -> Data Management -> Fields -> Calculate Field (use Field Calculator version) i) Input Table: nadpppt82e ii) Field Name: delta (added in previous step) iii) Expression: [Ppt_cm] * 1000 - [RASTERVALU] iv) NOTE: Ppt_cm is in centimeters; RASTERVALU is in mm*100 f) Create buffers around each NADP precipitation site (30 kilometers + new cell size, the distance in which the weights will be calculated): ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Proximity -> Buffer i) Input Features: nadpppt82e ii) Output: nadpppt82eb iii) Distance 32338.383 meters iv) NOTE: Some buffers overlap and areas of overlap need to reflect the average value of overlapping buffers. See followin steps g) Separate buffers into non-overlapping groups and recalculating values where buffers overlap: ArcToolbox -> NACT Addons - > Group Non-overlapping Polygons (Price and others, 2010) i) Input: nadpppt82eb ii) Output: nadpppt82ebg (contains GRP; buffers with the same GRP do not overlap) h) Use GRP to separate buffers into non-overlapping groups: ArcToolbox - > Analysis Tools -> Extract -> Select i) Input: nadpppt82ebg ii) Output: nadpppt82ebg1 for Expression: "GRP" = 1 iii) Output: nadpppt82ebg2 for Expression: "GRP" = 2 iv) Output: nadpppt82ebg3 for Expression: "GRP" = 3 i) Combine separate buffer groups: ArcToolbox - > Analysis Tools -> Overlay -> Union i) Input: nadpppt82ebg1, nadpppt82ebg2, nadpppt82ebg3 ii) Output: nadpppt82ebu j) Calculate final delta value (delta_fina) for each overlapping area: ArcToolbox -> Data Management -> Fields -> Calculate Field (use Field Calculator version) i) delta_fina = (delta + delta12) / 2 (as an example) Step 5. Create Raster Weighting Surface a) Create raster with delta_fina value, from the buffer polygon feature: ArcToolbox -> Conversion -> To Raster -> Polygon to Raster i) Input Feature: nadpppt82ebu ii) Value field: delta_fina iii) Output Raster Dataset: nadpppt82ebr iv) Cell assignment type: CELL_CENTER v) Priority field: NONE vi) Cellsize: 2338.383 meters vii) Environments: Snap Raster: ppt1982p (Aligns the cells up with the original PRISM data) b) Calculate the distance from each NADP point, to each 2338.383 m PRISM cell within the search radius (30 km + new cell size). Display this surface as a new raster dataset: ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst -> Euclidean Distance i) Input: nadpppt82 ii) Output distance raster: nadp1982_ed iii) Maximum distance: 32338.383 meters (distance of the search radius) iv) Output cell size: 2338.383 meters v) Environments: Extent nadpppt82ebr; Snap Raster: ppt1982p (PRISM Raster) Step 6. Create weighted precipitation surface from data: ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst Tools -> Map Algebra -> Raster Calculator a) nadp1982_r1 = Square((1-(("nadp1982_ed")/(32338.383)))) b) Create weighting surface using on NADP precipitation data. Multiply the step 6a result (nadp1982_r1) by the raster cells created from buffers using the delta value (nadpppt84ebr): nadp1982_r2 = " nadp1982_r1" * " nadpppt82ebr" c) Add this surface to the original PRISM (2338.383 meter resampled) surface. This will give you your final weighted precipitation values. The weights are calculated so that they approach the value of the PRISM data as you move away from an NADP site: nadp1982_r3 = Int("ppt1982p" + " nadp1982_r2") Step 7. Create adjusted PRSIM raster dataset by combining the two surface so that PRISM values are assigned to any cell that did not receive a weight: ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst Tools -> Map Algebra -> Raster Calculator a) ppt1982_adj: Con(IsNull("nadp1982_r3"),"ppt1982p"," nadp1982_r3") Step 8. Create point dataset for 1982 a) ArcToolbox -> Analysis Tools -> Extract -> Select i) Input: nadp_alldata ii) Output: nadp_1982 iii) Expression: "Year" = 1982 Step 9. Create raster of ammonium (NH4) and nitrate (NO3) concentration from data points for 1982 a) ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst Tools -> Interpolation -> IDW i) Input: nadp_1982 ii) Z value field: NH4 iii) Output: nh4_1982_idwr iv) Output cell size: 2338.383 meters v) Power: 2 vi) Search radius: variable vii) Number of points: 5 viii) Maximum distance: not set ix) Environment--Extent: ppt1982_adj; Snap Raster: ppt1982_adj; Mask: ppt1982_adj] b) ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst Tools -> Interpolation -> IDW i) Input: nadp_1982 ii) Z value field: NO3 iii) Output: no3_1982_idwr iv) Output cell size: 2338.383 meters v) Power: 2 vi) Search radius: variable vii) Number of points: 5 viii) Maximum distance: not set ix) Environment--Extent: ppt1982_adj; Snap Raster: ppt1982_adj; Mask: ppt1982_adj Step 10. Create raster of nitrogen load from ammonium and nitrate concentration, and adjusted precipitation rasters a) ArcToolbox -> Spatial Analyst Tools -> Map Algebra -> Raster Calculator i) Expression: (("no3_1982_idwr" * 0.2257) + ("nh4_1982_idwr" * 0.7766)) * "ppt1982_adj" * 0.001 * 0.1 ii) output = atm_ndep_1982 20130730 U.S. Geological Survey Jo Ann M. Gronberg Hydrologist unknown

345 Middlefield Road, MS 470

Menlo Park California 94025 650-329-4423 jmgronbe@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 1372 2546 USA Contiguous Albers Equal Area Conic USGS version 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23.0 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.0000000037527980722984474 0.0000000037527980722984474 meter D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 The grid cell values in the rasters represent the inorganic nitrogen wet deposition, in kilograms per hectare. The grid cell values are real numbers. There is no value attribute table for the raster. None. U.S. Geological Survey Michael Ierardi IT Specialist mailing and physical

445 National Center

Reston Virginia 20192 USA 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) mierardi@usgs.gov Zipfile containing raster dataset and metadata Although this data set has been used by the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of the Interior, no warranty expressed or implied is made by the U.S. Geological Survey as to the accuracy of the data and related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the U.S. Geological Survey in the use of this data, software, or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ArcGIS grid format Inorganic nitrogen deposition, 1982 WinZip 5042 https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/dsdl/sir2014-5067_atm_ndep_1982.zip Zipfile containing raster dataset and metadata None. This dataset is provided by the USGS as a public service. 20201117 U.S. Geological Survey Michael Ierardi IT Specialist mailing and physical address

445 National Center

Reston VA 20192 1-888-275-8747 (1-888-ASK-USGS) mierardi@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time