University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group 2011 vector digital data Open-File Report 2011-1009 Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20111009 https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1009/data.html https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1009/ Bradley M. Romine Charles H. Fletcher Ayesha S. Genz Matthew M. Barbee Matthew Dyer Tiffany R. Anderson S. Chyn Lim Sean Vitousek Christopher Bochicchio Bruce Richmond 2011 Open-File Report 2011-1009 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1009/ Sandy ocean beaches are a popular recreational destination, often surrounded by communities containing valuable real estate. Development is on the rise despite the fact that coastal infrastructure is subjected to flooding and erosion. As a result, there is an increased demand for accurate information regarding past and present shoreline changes. To meet these national needs, the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is compiling existing reliable historical shoreline data along open-ocean sandy shores of the conterminous United States and parts of Alaska and Hawaii under the National Assessment of Shoreline Change project. There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. This dataset consists of short-term (1950-2008) shoreline change rates for the Kauai East region from Papaa to Nawiliwili. Rate calculations were computed within a GIS using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.2, an ArcGIS extension developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Short-term rates of shoreline change were calculated using a weighted linear regression rate based on all available shoreline data between 1950 and 2008. A reference baseline was used as the originating point for the orthogonal transects cast by the DSAS software. The transects intersect each shoreline establishing measurement points, which are then used to calculate short-term rates. 2011 publication date Complete None planned -159.351933 -159.292655 22.174645 21.957431 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:892562f9-f157-4497-9c7c-fb5e1de68060 None Shoreline Historic Shoreline Shoreline Change Rate Erosion Accretion Weighted Linear Regression Rate Baseline Transect Digital Shoreline Analysis System DSAS U.S. Geological Survey USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Program CMGP Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center WHCMSC National Assessment of Shoreline Change Project University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group ISO 19115 Topic Category oceans environment geoscientificInformation Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords effects of coastal change coastal processes shoreline accretion shoreline erosion USGS Thesaurus coastal processes erosion shoreline accretion Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Continental/Island Shore Complex None United States Hawaii Kauai East Kauai Papaa, Hawaii Nawiliwili, Hawaii Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Hawaii Ecoregion Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) Substrate none Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group as the originator of the dataset. University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group Dr. Charles H. Fletcher professor mailing and physical address

University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group

1680 East-West Road

POST Room 721

Honolulu HI 96822 USA 808-956-9513 808-956-5512 fletcher@soest.hawaii.edu Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 3; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.3.0.1770 E.R. Thieler E.A. Himmelstoss J.L. Zichichi A. Ergul 2009 Open-File Report 2008-1278 Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Current version is 4.2. https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278 https://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/DSAS/ Charles H. Fletcher Bradley M. Romine Ayesha S. Genz Matthew M. Barbee Matthew Dyer Tiffany R. Anderson S. Chyn Lim Sean Vitousek Christopher Bochicchio Bruce Richmond 2011 Open-File Report 2011-1051 Resotn, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1051/ The attributes in this layer are based on the field requirements of the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) software (USGS Open-File Report 2008-1278). Transects were constructed manually outside of DSAS and imported into DSAS for calculation of shoreline change rates by the software. The data have been quality checked for intended location and shoreline intersection. These data were constructed outside of DSAS and imported to DSAS v4.2, an automated software program which does not perform checks for fidelity of the input features. The transects were visually inspected and sometimes manually adjusted within a standard ArcMap edit session to adjust the position at which an individual transect intersected the shorelines. This dataset contains the transects imported to the DSAS software application that were used to calculate short-term shoreline change rates for the region. Transect features were generated outside of DSAS and imported to DSAS v4.2 in ArcMap v9.3 for calculation of short-term shoreline change rates for the region. Transects are roughly perpendicular to the historical shorelines and spaced roughly 20 meters along the shore. Please see the DSAS help file distributed with the DSAS software, or visit the USGS website at: https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20081278. This process step and all subsequent process steps were performed by the same person: Bradley Romine. 20091216 Bradley M. Romine University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group graduate student, research assistant mailing and physical address

University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group

1680 East-West Road

POST Room 721

Honolulu HI 96822 USA 808-956-3605 808-956-5512 romine@hawaii.edu Rate Calculations Performed in DSAS v4.2 using ArcMap v9.3 on selected shoreline features only (shorelines from 1950 to 2008). Parameters Used: shoreline layer=KauaiE_shorelines, shoreline date field=Date_, shoreline uncertainty field name=ACCURACY, the default accuracy=0 (accuracy values provided for all shorelines), shoreline intersection parameters=farthest intersectiion, stats calculations=[weighted linear regression (WLR)], shoreline threshold=2, confidence interval=95%, Output rate table name=EKauai_transects_ST_rates_20091216_130216. 20091216 Shoreline rates table (EKauai_transects_ST_rates_20091216_130216.dbf) was joined to the transect feature class inwith ArcToolbox > Data Management Tools > Joins > Join Field. Parameters: input dataset - the transect file; join field - TransOrder; table to join - EKauai_transects_ST_rates_20091216_130216; field in table: TransectID; join attributes: WLR, WCI95. This join permanently links the attributes. 20091216 The joined transect feature class was exported to a shapefile in ArcMap v9.3 by right-clicking the transect layer > data > export data. 20101027 The exported transect shapefile was projected in ESRI's ArcToolbox (v.9.3) > Data Management Tools > Projections and Transformations > Feature > Project. Parameters: input projection - UTM zone 4N (NAD 83); output projection - geographic coordinates (WGS84); transformation - NAD_1983_To_WGS_1984_3 (Hawaii). 20110711 Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. 20170823 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Added keywords from Coastal and Marine Ecological Classification Standard (CMECS) to metadata. 20180426 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Edits to the metadata were made to fix any errors that MP v 2.9.46 flagged. This is necessary to enable the metadata to be successfully harvested for various data catalogs. In some cases, this meant adding text "Information unavailable" or "Information unavailable from original metadata" for those required fields that were left blank. Other minor edits were probably performed (title, publisher, publication place, etc.). Added a data landing page link as the first link in the identification section. Removed LIDAR bounding coordinates - an artifact of Esri and MP processing. The distribution format name was modified in an attempt to be more consistent with other metadata files of the same data format. Added additional information to a cross-reference and fixed the online link. Attempted to modify http to https where appropriate. The metadata date (but not the metadata creator) was edited to reflect the date of these changes. The metadata available from a harvester may supersede metadata bundled within a download file. Compare the metadata dates to determine which metadata file is most recent. 20180514 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Crossref DOI link was added as the first link in the metadata. 20191118 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20200908 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Vector String 867 0.000001 0.000001 Decimal degrees D_WGS_1984 WGS_1984 6378137.000000 298.257224 KauaiE_ST Transects are generated outside of DSAS at a 90 degree angle to the user-specified baseline and imported to DSAS. U.S. Geological Survey FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. SHAPE Feature geometry. ESRI Coordinates defining the features. BaselineID Unique identification number of the baseline segment. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited TransOrder Ordering of transects along the baseline. Used to allow user to sort transect data along the baseline from baseline start to baseline end. U.S. Geological Survey 0 unlimited StartX X coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. StartY Y coordinate of the beginning of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. EndX X coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. EndY Y coordinate of the end of the transect in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. Azimuth Azimuth of the transect measure in degrees clockwise from North. U.S. Geological Survey Values based on data set extent. SHAPE_Leng Length of feature in meter units (UTM zone 4N, NAD 83). ESRI 105.86474 150.000004 WLR Short-term weighted least squares (WLR) shoreline change rate in meters per year. A negative value indicates beach erosion (shoreline recession) and a positive value indicates beach accretion (shoreline progradation). In a weighted linear regression, more reliable data are given greater emphasis or weight towards determining a best-fit line. The uncertainty field ("accuracy") of the shoreline feature class is used to calculate the weight. The weight is equal to the inverse of the shoreline uncertainty squared. Therefore, when fitting a trend line, greater emphasis is placed on data points for which the positional uncertainty is smaller. Rates were calculated only at transects with 3 or more historical shoreline intersects (shoreline threshold=3). Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a null value of -9999. U.S. Geological Survey Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a WLR 'null' value of -9999. WCI95 95% confidence interval of WLR shoreline change rate in meters per year. The standard error of the slope with confidence interval describes the uncertainty of the reported rate. The confidence interval is calculated by multiplying the standard error of the slope of the WLR (meters/year) by the two-tailed test statistic at the specified confidence percentage (95). For example, if the reported WLR is 1.34 m/year and the 95 percent confidence interval (WCI95) is 0.5 then you can be 95 percent confident that the true rate of change is 1.34 m +- 0.5 meters/year. Rates and uncertainties were calculated only at transects with 3 or more historical shoreline intersects (shoreline threshold=3). Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a 'null' value of -9999. U.S. Geological Survey Transects with less than 3 shoreline intersects were given a WCI95 'null' value of -9999. All calculations for length are in meter units and were based on the UTM zone 4N NAD83 projection. U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical address

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 USA 508-548-8700 508-457-2310 Downloadable data. Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Shapefile ArcGIS 9.3 ESRI polyline shapefile This WinZip file contains a shapefile of transects generated by the Digital Shoreline Analysis System including short-term rate calculations for the Kauai East region from Papaa to Nawiliwili. Use WinZip or pkUnzip 0.5 https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2011/1009/data/Kauai/KauaiE/KauaiE_ST.zip Data may be downloaded via the World Wide Web (WWW). None This zip file contains data available in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) polyline shapefile format. The user must have ArcGIS or ArcView 3.0 or greater software to read and process the data file. In lieu of ArcView or ArcGIS, the user may utilize another GIS application package capable of importing the data. A free data viewer, ArcExplorer, capable of displaying the data is available from ESRI at www.esri.com. 20240318 Bradley M. Romine University of Hawaii Coastal Geology graduate student, research assistant mailing and physical address

University of Hawaii Coastal Geology Group

1680 East-West Road

POST Room 721

Honolulu HI 96822 USA 808-956-3605 808-956-5512 whsc_data_contact@usgs.gov The metadata contact email address is a generic address in the event the person is no longer with USGS. (updated on 20240318) FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time