Jacob A. Zwart Konrad Hafen Nathan Chelgren Jason Dunham 20260427 comma separated value Online (digital release) U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P19R5TXW This data release provides integrated datasets for modeling streamflow and water presence across the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest stream network in western Oregon. The data include daily meteorological drivers from GRIDMET (precipitation, temperature, humidity, radiation, wind speed, evapotranspiration, vapor pressure deficit), observations of stream discharge and wet/dry status from gaging stations, sensors, and manual observations, static catchment characteristics (elevation, slope, aspect, curvature, drainage area), and National Hydrography Dataset High Resolution stream network topology. These datasets support development of machine learning models that integrate categorical water presence observations with continuous streamflow measurements to improve hydrologic predictions in headwater streams, where traditional streamflow gaging is sparse. To provide integrated streamflow, water presence, and meteorological datasets to support machine learning models for improving hydrologic prediction across headwater stream networks in the HJ Andrews Experimental Forest. 19800101 20201231 See publication date Complete none planned -122.261305329 -122.10639966049 44.2794807687694 44.2011353574327 none River Streamflow Headwater Machine Learning Intermittent Streams Water Presence HJ Andrews Experimental Forest GRIDMET NHDPlus ISO 19115 Topic Category environment inlandWaters USGS Thesaurus water resources USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6977e36dd4be02609dd04095 Department of Commerce, 1995, Countries, Dependencies, Areas of Special Sovereignty, and Their Principal Administrative Divisions, Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 10-4, Washington, D.C., National Institute of Standards and Technology United States US U.S. Department of Commerce, 1987, Codes for the identification of the States, the District of Columbia and the outlying areas of the United States, and associated areas (Federal Information Processing Standard 5-2): Washington, D. C., NIST Oregon OR none These data are released under a Creative Commons Zero (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication. No rights are reserved and the data may be freely used, shared, or adapted for any purpose without restriction or attribution requirement. Jacob A. Zwart U.S. Geological Survey Senior Research Data Scientist Mailing and Physical

621 Sutardja Dai Hall

Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. 269-370-2788 jzwart@usgs.gov Funding for this was provided by the U.S. Geological Survey Center for Data Integration 2023 project titled "Integrating stream gage records, water presence observations, and models to improve hydrologic prediction in stream networks" Multiple computer systems were used to generate these data, including Windows, Linux, and macOS. The open source languages R and Python were used on all systems. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Not applicable Not applicable A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the dataset was not conducted. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the dataset was not conducted. These datasets were produced through four processing steps, described below. Throughout all steps, NHDPlusID serves as the primary linking identifier, shared between catchment polygons and their corresponding flowlines within the NHDPlus HR data model (Moore and others, 2025; https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255031). (1) Daily meteorological variables were extracted from GRIDMET for the period 1980-2020, including: minimum and maximum temperature, precipitation, minimum and maximum relative humidity, shortwave radiation, wind speed, reference evapotranspiration (grass and alfalfa reference surfaces), specific humidity, and vapor pressure deficit. Area-weighted spatial means were calculated for each NHDPlus High Resolution catchment using the gdptools Python library, which computes intersection weights between catchment polygons and GRIDMET grid cells. (2) Static catchment characteristics were derived from NHDPlus High Resolution digital elevation models using zonal statistics (rasterstats Python library). Elevation statistics (minimum, maximum, mean, median), slope (percent rise), and curvature statistics (mean, median) were calculated for each catchment. Aspect was reclassified from continuous degrees (0-360) into four cardinal direction categories -- NE (0-90 degrees), SE (90-180 degrees), SW (180-270 degrees), and NW (270-360 degrees) -- and the proportion of each catchment in each class was calculated. (3) Network attributes -- including reach length, slope, drainage area, total upstream drainage area, and network node identifiers -- were joined from NHDPlus HR flowline value-added attributes (NHDPlusFlowlineVAA) and the NHDPlusFlowline attribute table. (4) Stream discharge and water presence observations were compiled from four data sources and crosswalked to NHDPlus High Resolution stream segments using a site information shapefile that links field site IDs to NHDPlusID codes. Four observation types were integrated: (a) continuous stream discharge (Discharge_CMS) from HJ Andrews Experimental Forest gaging stations, where duplicate NHDPlusID-Date records were resolved by prioritizing USGS streamgage (GSW) sites; (b) flow status from manual field surveys, coded as Dry = 0, Discontinuous flow = 0.5, and Continuous flow = 1; (c) wet/dry sensor status (HoboWetDry0.05) derived from either paired in-stream and out-of-stream temperature sensors, or paired in-stream and out-of-stream temperature and pressure sensors, coded as wet = 1 and dry = 0; and (d) maximum stream depth (MaxDepth_cm) with associated threshold and censoring indicators. 20260415 U.S.A. Vector String 821 1e-05 1e-05 Decimal degrees WGS84 WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257 met_drivers.csv Daily area-weighted catchment means of GRIDMET meteorological variables (1980-2020) matched to NHDPlus HR stream segments; includes precipitation temperature humidity radiation wind speed evapotranspiration and vapor pressure deficit U.S. Geological Survey NHDPlusID Unique identifier shared between NHDPlus HR flowlines and their corresponding catchment polygons; primary key for joining across all datasets. NHDPlus HR 55000900026515 55000900272716 NA Date Measurement or observation date. This data release 1980-01-01 2020-12-31 NA etalfalfa Daily mean reference evapotranspiration alfalfa. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 0 13.4000006 mm etgrass Daily mean reference evapotranspiration grass. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 0 9.1000004 mm prcp Precipitation amount. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 0 157.5 mm rhmax Daily maximum relative humidity. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 30.5 100 percent rhmin Daily minimum relative humidity. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 4.0999999 100 percent sph Daily mean specific humidity. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 6e-04 0.01707 kg/kg srad Daily mean shortwave radiation at surface. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 1.2 387 W/m2 tmax Daily maximum temperature. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 259.1000061 313.1000061 K tmin Daily minimum temperature. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 248.8000031 295.2999878 K vp Daily mean vapor pressure deficit. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 0 3.25 kPa ws Daily mean wind speed. GRIDMET https://www.climatologylab.org/gridmet.html 0.8 16.3999996 m/s obs.csv Daily observations of stream discharge (Discharge_CMS) and water presence (Flow_Status and HoboWetDry0.05) from HJ Andrews Experimental Forest monitoring locations matched to NHDPlus HR stream segments; also includes maximum stream depth (MaxDepth_cm) with associated censoring indicators U.S. Geological Survey NHDPlusID Unique identifier shared between NHDPlus HR flowlines and their corresponding catchment polygons; primary key for joining across all datasets. NHDPlus HR 55000900027171 55000900272714 NA SiteIDCode Site identification code for HJ Andrews monitoring locations. This data release NA NA NA Date Measurement or observation date. This data release 1980-01-01 2023-06-26 NA Discharge_CMS Mean daily stream discharge measured from gaging station. This data release 0 133.08896 m3/sec MaxDepth_cm Maximum water depth measured at site. This data release 0 94.488 cm MaxDepth_Threshold Minimum detectable depth for the associated sensor; measurements at or below this value are censored. NA values indicate site-date combinations where depth sensors were not deployed. This data release 0 75 cm MaxDepth_Censor Indicator of whether the maximum depth measurement is censored due to sensor detection limits; see associated MaxDepth_Threshold. NA values indicate site-date combinations where depth sensors were not deployed. This data release 0 1 categorical Flow_Status Manual observation of stream condition: Dry (0), Discontinuous flow (0.5), or Continuous flow (1). NA values indicate site-date combinations where manual flow status surveys were not conducted. This data release 0 1 categorical HoboWetDry0.05 Sensor-based wet/dry classification derived from paired temperature or temperature-pressure sensors using a 0.05 degree C temperature difference threshold: wet (1) or dry (0). NA values indicate site-date combinations where wet/dry sensors were not deployed. This data release 0 1 categorical static_vars.csv Time-invariant catchment and reach characteristics derived from NHDPlus HR for each stream segment; includes elevation (minimum maximum mean median) slope aspect curvature and drainage area U.S. Geological Survey NHDPlusID Unique identifier shared between NHDPlus HR flowlines and their corresponding catchment polygons; primary key for joining across all datasets. NHDPlus HR 55000900026515 55000900272716 NA aspect_ne_pct Percent of catchment area with NE-facing aspect (0-90 degrees). Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0 100 percent aspect_sw_pct Percent of catchment area with SW-facing aspect (180-270 degrees). Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0 100 percent aspect_nw_pct Percent of catchment area with NW-facing aspect (270-360 degrees). Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0 100 percent aspect_se_pct Percent of catchment area with SE-facing aspect (90-180 degrees). Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0 100 percent elev_min_cm Minimum elevation in catchment. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 41216 142948 cm elev_max_cm Maximum elevation in catchment. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 42590 162745 cm elev_median_cm Median elevation in catchment. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 42590 150059 cm elev_mean_cm Mean catchment elevation. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 42590 150455.6301736 cm slp_median_pct Median catchment slope. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0.5886956 75.7271271 percent slp_mean_pct Mean catchment slope. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0.8070006 78.8252579 percent curv_median Median catchment curvature. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0.5886956 75.7271271 NA curv_mean Mean catchment curvature. Derived from NHDPlus HR elevation raster 0.8070006 78.8252579 NA FromNode Network node identifier at the upstream end of a stream reach; used for network routing. NHDPlus HR 55000900015021 55000900274709 NA ToNode Network node identifier at the downstream end of a stream reach; used for network routing. NHDPlus HR 55000900015021 55000900149811 NA ArbolateSu Sum of lengths of all digitized flowlines upstream from downstream end of flowline. NHDPlus HR 0.0357382 236.4664881 km AreaSqKm Catchment area. NHDPlus HR 1e-04 0.8213 km2 TotDASqKm Total upstream drainage area. NHDPlus HR 3e-04 63.6679 km2 Slope Slope of stream reach. NHDPlus HR 1e-05 1.5964166 percent LengthKM Stream reach length. NHDPlus HR 0.0029839 2.2651682 km U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80255 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. comma separated value https://doi.org/10.5066/P19R5TXW None 20260427 Jacob A. Zwart U.S. Geological Survey Senior Research Data Scientist Mailing and Physical

621 Sutardja Dai Hall

Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A. 269-370-2788 jzwart@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998