Aaron D. Flesch 20260507 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13YDEF3 This dataset field sampling of bird communities based on standardized point count methods with distance sampling. University of Arizona field crews gathered all data using 8-minute point counts, with stations placed 200-300 m apart along transects. To describe bird communities at sites with fire and environmental variation during the breeding season (May-July) of 2023. 2023 observed Complete None planned Mogollon Plateau of Arizona and New Mexico and the Madrean Sky Islands of Arizona and Sonora, Mexico -113.4229 -106.0840 35.6037 28.2270 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota environment USGS Thesaurus climate change birds habitats fires community ecology None breeding birds bird communities Mogollon Plateau Madrean Sky Islands habitat vulnerability USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:69722fc7d4be023964f19d10 Common Geographic Areas New Mexico Arizona Mexico Madrean Sky Islands No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Aaron Flesch University of Arizona mailing

1675 West Anklam Road

Tuscon Arizona 85745 n/a aaron.flesch@umontana.edu Funding was provided by the Southwest Climate Adaptation Science Center under cooperative agreement no. G22AC00408-00 to University of Arizona and by National Park Service (NPS) Southwest Border Resources Protection Program under cooperative agreement no. P17AC00671 to University of Arizona. Surveys were completed by Aaron D. Flesch, Quinn I. Agnew, and Logan J. Bradley at the University of Arizona. Aaron Flesch Jose Iniguez 2026 dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/p1zeuwsq Miguel Villarreal Raymond Lebeau Sandra L. Haire James Pierce Todd J Hawbaker Emma Sherwood 2026 dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/p14bha49 The ranges of all data entries were checked to assure they are within the range of possible potential values both numerically and categorically depending on the attribute. No tests were performed using more detailed census or measurement methods to assess any differences from parametric values. We checked and proofed a random sample of ~25% of the tabulated data against the original datasheets, checked the ranges of all data entries to assure they are within the range of possible potential values both numerically and categorically depending on the attribute, check all 4 letter IBP bird codes to assure they were the correct species, and reviewed a detailed summarization of data that was tabulated by the study point, mountain range, transect number, and point number to assure sample sizes matched the sampling frame and sample size to identify missing or duplicated data and finalize the data product. Data from two mornings of point counts completed by USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station were removed from this dataset because sampling was for just 6 minutes (vs 8 min). We performed 899 individual point counts of birds at 63 sites (transects), 36 of which were visited two times in 2023. We used point counts with distance sampling and spaced points ~200-300 m apart along transects of 8-12 points that we sampled 1-2 times each in 2023. At each station observers counted the number of individuals of each species and estimated distances to each bird, how birds were detected (e.g., visually, song, call), and evidence of breeding. Laser rangefinders were used to estimate distances to the nearest meter from center points to each individual bird or center of each flock. Point counts occurred in the morning starting just before sunrise and no later than ~3.5 hours after official sunrise. Count time was 8 minutes per point during all field work completed in 2023; at second visits to two transects (<2% of 2023 effort) sampled for 6 minutes. 2023 data.csv Standardized point counts with distance sampling. Count time was 8 minutes with distances recorded to each bird detected with use of laser rangefinders. Stations were spaced at 200-300 m along transects Producer defined Site Name Sites in the US are labeled according to study region, focused on three major montane ecoregions in Arizona (AZ) and New Mexico (NM) in the U.S., and Sonora and Chihuahua in Mexico: the Mogollon Plateau (MP) to the north, Madrean Sky Islands (MSI) in the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, and northern Sierra Madre Occidental. Producer defined Ajos Ajos Producer defined AZ Arizona, USA Producer defined Canelo Canelo Producer defined Chiricahua Chiricahua Producer defined Huachuca Huachuca Producer defined Purica Purica Producer defined NM New Mexico, USA Producer defined Rincon Rincon Producer defined Santa Rita Santa Rita Producer defined Transect number Transect ID number within each site Producer defined Some are sequentially numbered, other IDs correspond to random site selection and larger pool of potential points Observer 3 Letter initials of each observer. Producer defined Initials for observers. Multiple observers are separated by a comma. Year Year of sample, represented YYYY Producer defined 2023 2023 Date Date of sample, represented by YYYY-MM-DD Producer defined 2023-05-02 2023-07-13 Visit number Visit number (1 or 2) Producer defined 1 2 Wind start Wind at start of survey Producer defined 0 calm, smoke rises vertically (< 2 km/h) Producer defined 0.5 between 0 and 1 Producer defined 1 smoke drifts (2-5 km/h) Producer defined 1.5 Between 1 and 2 Producer defined 2 light breeze felt on face, leaves rustle (6-12 km/h) Producer defined 3 leaves and twigs in constant motion (13-19 km/h) Producer defined Wind change Wind if different from start of survey (often blank) Producer defined <blank> No change Producer defined 0 calm, smoke rises vertically (< 2 km/h) Producer defined 1 smoke drifts (2-5 km/h) Producer defined 2 light breeze felt on face, leaves rustle (6-12 km/h) Producer defined 2.5 between 2 and 3 Producer defined 3 leaves and twigs in constant motion (13-19 km/h) Producer defined Wind end Wind at end of survey Producer defined 0 calm, smoke rises vertically (< 2 km/h) Producer defined 0.5 between 0 and 1 Producer defined 1 smoke drifts (2-5 km/h) Producer defined 2 light breeze felt on face, leaves rustle (6-12 km/h) Producer defined 2.5 between 2 and 3 Producer defined 3 leaves and twigs in constant motion (13-19 km/h) Producer defined Noise start Noise at start of survey Producer defined 0 quiet; normal background noises; no interference Producer defined 1 low noise; might be missing some high-pitched songs/calls of distant birds Producer defined 2 medium noise; detection radius is probably substantially reduced Producer defined 3 high noise; probably detecting only the loudest/closest birds Producer defined Noise end Noise at end of survey Producer defined 0 quiet; normal background noises; no interference Producer defined 1 low noise; might be missing some high-pitched songs/calls of distant birds Producer defined 2 medium noise; detection radius is probably substantially reduced Producer defined 3 high noise; probably detecting only the loudest/closest birds Producer defined Precip start Rainfall at start of survey Producer defined 0 no precipitation Producer defined 1 mist or fog Producer defined 2 light drizzle Producer defined 3 light rain Producer defined 4 heavy rain; difficult to hear birds; discontinue count Producer defined 5 snow Producer defined Precip end Rainfall at end of survey Producer defined << empty cell >> NA Producer defined 0 no precipitation Producer defined 1 mist or fog Producer defined Clouds start Percent cloud cover at start of survey Producer defined 0 100 Clouds end Percent cloud cover at end of survey Producer defined 0 100 Point number Unique ID number for sampling point along each transect Producer defined 1 43 Start Time Start time of survey Producer defined 04:59 11:10 Min of detection Minute each bird was detected (just done for some surveys where possible, often blank) Producer defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined Time of observation AOU 4-let Alpha code American Ornithologists’ Union Four-Letter Alpha Codes for Birds Producer defined AOU four letter species codes Pyle, P., and D.F. DeSante. 2009a. Updates to four-letter and six-letter alpha codes based on revisions by the American Ornithologists' Union in 2007-2008. North American Bird Bander 34:65-67. Distance Distance in meters to individual bird or center of flock, estimated with range finder Producer defined << empty cell >> No data Producer defined 1 2000 meter Detection type 1 Initial detection type for how bird was detected represented by a single letter. Producer defined << empty cell >> No data Producer defined C Calling Producer defined S Singing Producer defined V Visual Producer defined D Drumming (woodpeckers) Producer defined W Wings Producer defined O Other aural cue Producer defined Detection type 2 Secondary detection type for how bird was detected, represented by a single letter. Multiple detection types list multiple letters. Producer defined << empty cell >> No data, or no secondary detection Producer defined V Visual Producer defined C Calling Producer defined S Singing Producer defined D Drumming (Woodpeckers) Producer defined W Wings Producer defined O Other aural cue Producer defined Sex Sex of Bird Producer defined << empty cell >> NoData Producer defined F Female Producer defined M Male Producer defined B Both Producer defined Flock size Number of individuals Producer defined 1 10 Previous point An "X" indicates individual(s) was detected at previous point Producer defined << empty cell >> Not applicable Producer defined X Previously detected Producer defined Fly Over An "X" indicates individual(s) was detected flying over area Producer defined << empty cell >> Not applicable Producer defined X Bird flew over survey area Producer defined BC-AC Notes before count (BC) or after count (AC) detections Producer defined << empty cell >> Not Applicable Producer defined AC After Count Producer defined BC Before Count Producer defined Count time Number of minutes spent surveying at each point count location Producer defined 8 8 Breeding code Breeding evidence observed at point Producer defined << empty cell >> No breeding code Producer defined P pair in suitable breeding habitat Producer defined CF Adults seen carrying food, excluding raptors, corvids, roadrunners, and shrikes. Producer defined ON Occupied nest indicated by adult entering or leaving nest in circumstances indicating an occupied nest, including those in high trees, cliffs, cavities, and burrows where the contents of the nest and incubating brood cannot been seen. Producer defined FL Recently fledged young of altricial species incapable of sustained flight or downy young of precocial species restricted to the natal area by dependence on adults or limited mobility. Note – barely fledged blackbirds and swallows may fly considerable distances. Presence of young cowbirds confirms both cowbird and host. Producer defined DD Distraction displays. Defense of unknown nest or young or injury feigning. Used if adult bird is seen trying to lead people away from nest or young (e.g., killdeer broken-wing act, Cooper’s hawk diving at you). Does not include agitated behavior. Producer defined CN Carrying nesting material (e.g., stick, grass, mud, cobwebs). This applies for all species except some species of wrens (cactus, Bewick’s, house, marsh) and verdins. Producer defined FL Recently fledged young of altricial species incapable of sustained flight or downy young of precocial species restricted to the natal area by dependence on adults or limited mobility. Note – barely fledged blackbirds and swallows may fly considerable distances. Presence of young cowbirds confirms both cowbird and host. Producer defined UN Used nest or eggshells found. Use only when identification is unmistakable. Do not use for species that build multiple nests in a breeding season, such as cactus wrens and verdins. Producer defined NB Nest building seen at actual nest site, excluding some species of wrens (see above), woodpeckers, and verdins. Producer defined T Permanent territory presumed through defense of territory (chasing individuals of the same species). Producer defined C Courtship behavior or copulation. Producer defined N Visiting probable nest-site. Producer defined Comments Any comments related to observations, or noted issues Producer defined NA data-dictionary,csv Description of dataset fields, includes definition of fields and list of values. Producer defined Dataset.xlsx Dataset available in another format (xlsx) Producer defined U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13YDEF3 None 20260518 Climate Adaptation Science Centers physical

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Reston Virginia 20192 n/a casc-data@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999