Danielle A. Olinger Allen K. Andersen Cameron M. Mercer 20260126 spreadsheet Suggested citation: Olinger, D.A., Andersen, A.K., and Mercer, C.M., 2026, Whole-Rock Geochemistry of Samples from the Bear Lodge Alkaline Complex, Wyoming: Data Supporting Petrogenetic and Mineral Resource Studies: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Y9UMUT. Additional Originator Information: Olinger, D.A., https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8375-5852; Andersen, A.K., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6865-2561; Mercer, C.M., https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0534-848X. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Y9UMUT Geochemical data include major, minor and trace element results for alkaline silicate igneous rock samples from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex. Samples were collected during field work from natural exposures/outcrops and drill core. Samples were analyzed by the GeoAnalytical Lab at Washington State University and U.S. Geological Survey contract laboratories, AGAT Labs and SGS Labs. Major, minor, and trace elements were determined via wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF), inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Additional analytes determined were carbonate carbon by combustion and infrared detection (IR); fluoride and chloride by ion-selective electrode; ferrous iron by titration; non-essential and essential water by gravimetric methods, and total sulfur and total carbon by IR. Data are reported in comma-separated values (CSV) files. All column headers are described in the accompanying data dictionary. The goal of this work was to gather geochemical data for alkaline silicate units of the Bear Lodge alkaline complex with accompanying Ar-Ar geochronology to allow for petrologic interpretation of the formation of the Bear Lodge alkaline complex. See the following USGS data releases for more whole-rock geochemistry for Bear Lodge alkaline complex igneous units. Verplanck, P.L., Andersen, A.K., and Van Gosen, B.S., 2020, Whole-rock geochemical data for the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming: 2009 - 2013: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RCPAMC. Olinger, D.A. 2019, Carbonatite whole-rock and calcite geochemistry from the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming and Mountain Pass mine, California: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9634NRU. 2012 20250829 ground condition Complete None planned -104.49000 -104.41660 44.53689 44.45281 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation None geochemical data whole-rock alkaline complexes U.S. Geological Survey USGS Mineral Resources Program MRP Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center GMEGSC Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center GGGSC critical elements USGS Thesaurus geochemistry chemical analysis x-ray fluorescence igneous rocks petrology rocks and deposits mineral resources critical minerals natural resources USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:693b240dd4be0227fbb59eee None Bear Lodge Mountains Crook County Common geographic areas United States Wyoming No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although these data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Danielle A Olinger USGS - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Geologist mailing and physical

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Lakewood CO 80225 303-236-7771 dolinger@usgs.gov The geochemical data included here were generated as part of the Evaluation of Critical Elements in Carbonatites project funded by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Resources Program (MRP). The chemical data of this data set represent analyses of rock samples collected in support of mineral deposit research projects of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Attribute fields and values were reviewed and checked for accuracy and consistency of terms. The geochemical data have been reviewed by the USGS MRP Analytical Chemistry Quality Assurance Specialist, where applicable, for accuracy and precision compared to reference materials with known concentrations. Data were reviewed for consistency and analytical results were checked for validity and fidelity of relationships. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. All data as part of this collection were included in this data release for the region and time period specified in this metadata. Spatial locations for sample locations were determined from hand-held global positioning system (GPS) devices. Accuracy of reported latitude and longitude is to 0.001 decimal degrees. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No elevation information is included in this dataset. Samples were collected during field excursions to the Bear Lodge alkaline complex, Wyoming, from 2012 to 2023. Samples were collected from outcrop and from drill core (access provided by Rare Element Resources, Ltd.). Samples with minimal alteration were targeted. If samples with alteration were unavoidable, they are denoted in the alteration attribute column of the BearLodge_wholerockgeochem.csv. 20230630 Sample Preparation Samples submitted to the USGS Analytical Chemistry Project Sample control were prepared by Sample Control staff before sending them to the USGS contract laboratory (SGS or AGAT, depending on year of sample submittal) for analysis. Unless otherwise requested, samples were prepared using standard methodology. Rock samples were crushed and then a representative split of the material was ground in a shatterbox or ball mill using agate or aluminum corundum containers to -200 mesh (<75 microns) to ensure complete digestion of the sample when it was analyzed. Samples submitted to Washington State University (WSU) GeoAnalytical Laboratory were prepared by WSU staff per Johnson, D.M., Hooper, P.R., and Conrey, R.M., 1999, XRF Analysis of Rocks and Minerals for Major and Trace Elements on a Single Low Dilution Li-tetraborate Fused Bead: Advances in X-ray Analysis, JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data, v. 41, p. 843-867. 2021 Twenty-one samples were submitted to Washington State University GeoAnalytical Laboratory for analysis for major, minor and trace element compositions per Johnson, D.M., Hooper, P.R., and Conrey, R.M., 1999, XRF Analysis of Rocks and Minerals for Major and Trace Elements on a Single Low Dilution Li-tetraborate Fused Bead: Advances in X-ray Analysis, JCPDS-International Centre for Diffraction Data, v. 41, p. 843-867. 20130108 Twelve samples were submitted to USGS MRP Analytical Chemistry Sample Control for preparation and analysis at the contract laboratory: AGAT Laboratories or SGS Laboratories (this is due to a change in contract laboratory between sample submittals). The contracting laboratory that conducted the analysis is denoted in the attribute name as AGAT or SGS. Samples were analyzed via the following analytical methods: CO2 and carbonate carbon by combustion; major and trace elements by ICP-OES or ICP-MS following a sodium peroxide sinter fusion; fluoride and chloride by ion-selective electrode; ferrous iron by titration; non-essential and essential water by gravimetric methods; total sulfur and carbon by infrared detection; and major element oxides by wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence. Results undergo two levels of data validation: (1) the contract laboratory conducts quality control with every batch of samples sent to measure accuracy and precision and (2) all sample batches sent to the laboratory contain USGS in-house reference materials submitted at a rate of 10%, the results returned for the reference materials are compared to expected values for each element. Values must fall within the range of acceptance and relative standard deviation (RSD) at five times the lower limits of detection for the analytical methods. The acceptable accuracy and precision (RSD) is +/- 15% and 15%, respectively, for the carbonate carbon, the major and trace elements by ICP-OES and ICP-MS, the ferrous iron by titration, the non-essential and essential water, and the total sulfur and carbon methods. The acceptable accuracy and precision (RSD) is +/- 5% and 5%, respectively, for the wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence method. The acceptable accuracy and precision (RSD) is +/- 20% and 20%, respectively, for the ion-selective electrode methods. Some element concentrations fall outside the method's Lower and Upper Detection Limits. The lab reported all values falling below a Lower Detection Limit with a 'less than' symbol (<). In this dataset, all < symbols have been replaced with a negative value symbol (-). Thus, a value of -0.5 ppm should be read as <0.5 ppm. The lab reported all values falling above the Upper Detection Limit with a 'greater than' symbol (>). In this dataset, all > symbols have been replaced with the Upper Detection Limit value followed by '.1111'. Thus, a value of >500 would be found in this dataset as 500.1111. Blank cells indicate no data. 20250829 BL_wholerockgeochem_datadictionary.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data dictionary with information about attributes found in whole-rock geochemistry table. Producer Defined Attribute Feature present as a column header in the data release table. Producer Defined text Attribute Description Description of the attribute present in the data release table. Producer Defined text Units Units for numerical values reported. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined text Format Attribute column format. Producer Defined text Cell is formated as text input. Producer defined numeric Cell is formatted as numeric input. Producer defined YYYY-MM-DD Cell is formatted where Y = year, M = month, and D = day. Producer defined Min Minimum value present for numeric attribute. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined numeric Max Maximum value present for numeric attribute. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined numeric BearLodge_wholerockgeochem.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing geochemical data. See data dictionary for attribute descriptions. Producer Defined Data provided as .csv files. A data dictionary describes the entity and attributes for the data presented in the BearLodge_wholerockgeochem.csv. Each row in BL_wholerockgeochem_datadictionary.csv corresponds to a single column in BearLodge_wholerockgochem.csv and provides the attribute name, description, units, format, and observed value range. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Y9UMUT U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P1Y9UMUT None 20260126 Danielle A Olinger USGS - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Geologist mailing and physical

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Lakewood CO 80225 303-236-7771 dolinger@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998