Kyle J. Mosel Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer Marybeth K. Brey Douglas S. Appel Jessica C. Stanton Joshua K. Tompkins Janice L. Albers Jacob D. Faulkner Matthew D. Sholtis Jon M. Vallazza Theodore R. Castro-Santos Andy W.H. Turnpenny Peter W. Sorensen Garrett Johnson Rob L. Simmonds Jr. Andrea K. Fritts 20250930 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13IEAVI Daniel K. Gibson-Reinemer Kyle J. Mosel Marybeth K. Brey Douglas S. Appel Jessica C. Stanton Joshua K. Tompkins Janice L. Albers Jacob D. Faulkner Matthew D. Sholtis Jon M. Vallazza Theodore R. Castro-Santos Andy W.H. Turnpenny Peter W. Sorensen Garrett Johnson Rob L. Simmonds Jr. Andrea K. Fritts 20250930 publication This dataset accompanies the article "Evaluating the effects of a multi-modal deterrent on upstream passage by invasive carp and native species". The deterrent used proprietary, engineered sounds, directional strobe lighting, and an ensonified bubble curtain to deter invasive carp from passing upstream. The data come from capture and tagging of invasive silver carp and grass carp along with several native species including American paddlefish, freshwater drum, and smallmouth buffalo. These transmitters emit signals that are detected and recorded on receivers that are strategically placed above, within, and below Barkley Lock and Dam in the Cumberland River. After data from the receivers were downloaded, we determined when fish transitioned from downstream lock approach upstream into Lake Barkley. To ensure data were being collected with confidence, periodic field testing of the acoustic receivers was performed. These data were collected through multi-agency efforts. Experimental tagging of fish has many benefits to understanding transition rates among reservoirs. In this study, the probability of upstream fish passage varied for silver carp and grass carp in response to the deterrent. Passage probabilities in response to the deterrent did not vary for American paddlefish, freshwater drum, or smallmouth buffalo. Passage probabilities in relation to deterrents can inform management strategies that depend on species movement. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20201106 20231031 ground condition Complete None planned Barkley Lock and Dam -88.23172 -88.21172 37.02860 37.00900 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None Generalized Linear Mixed Models invasive carp deterrent fish passage movement telemetry Cumberland River large rivers USGS Thesaurus telemetry animal tracking aquatic ecosystems invasive species fish USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68d1795dd4be0223d8da5e7b None Kentucky Barkley Lock and Dam Cumberland River None silver carp grass carp American paddlefish smallmouth buffalo freshwater drum Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Actinopterygii Class Teleostei Superorder Ostariophysi Order Cypriniformes Superfamily Cyprinoidea Family Cyprinidae Genus Hypophthalmichthys Species Hypophthalmichthys molitrix TSN: 163691 Genus Ctenopharyngodon Species Ctenopharyngodon idella TSN: 163537 Superfamily Cobitoidea Family Catostomidae Subfamily Ictiobinae Genus Ictiobus Species Ictiobus bubalus TSN: 163955 Superorder Acanthopterygii Order Perciformes Suborder Percoidei Family Sciaenidae Genus Aplodinotus Species Aplodinotus grunniens TSN: 169364 Class Chondrostei Order Acipenseriformes Suborder Acipenseroidei Family Polyodontidae Genus Polyodon Species Polyodon spathula TSN: 161088 No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Kyle J Mosel United States Geological Survey Biologist physical

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse Wisconsin 54603 USA 608-783-6288 kmosel@usgs.gov Funding sources were the U.S. Geological Survey Ecosystems Mission Area Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Periodic range testing was performed around Barkley Lock and Dam in 2021, 2022, and 2023. This involved hanging a single Vemco test tag with eight HTI tags from the boat on a fixed pole and slowly traversing in and around Barkley Lock and Dam. These tests confirmed that the receivers were able to detect a tagged fish that passes by and evaluated the detection efficiency within each zone. Yes, data values fall within expected ranges. The pool of fish considered present at the site and available to pass upstream was restricted to those fish that were detected in the downstream lock approach, although we used receivers in the lock and upstream of the lock to confirm passages. Raw data downloaded from the receivers were filtered to only include silver carp, grass carp, American paddlefish, freshwater drum, and smallmouth buffalo, as these were the focal species group for this research. Fish detections were recorded on Vemco and HTI (Innovasea, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada) acoustic telemetry receivers deployed at Barkley Lock and Dam. We used gill nets to capture silver carp, grass carp, and paddlefish. We used boat electrofishing to capture smallmouth buffalo, freshwater drum, grass carp, and additional silver carp. Tagging occurred under the standard protocol for fish surgery approved by the USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Animal Care and Use Committee (USGS SOP protocol number GEN136 and ESB-BarkleyBAFF-01). Raw data were merged with tag and receiver information and then filtered to only include species of interest. These detection data were loaded into R studio v4.4.0 (Posit team 2026) and the following packages were used: AICcmodavg (Mazerolle 2023), cowplot (Wilke 2025), DHARMa (Hartig 2026), DescTools (Signorell 2025), lme4 (Bates et al. 2015), sjPlot (Lüdecke 2025), sjlabelled (Lüdecke et al. 2025), and tidyr (Wickham et al. 2026). Posit team. (2026). RStudio: Integrated Development Environment for R. Posit Software, PBC, Boston, MA. http://www.posit.co/. Mazerolle, M.J. (2023). AICcmodavg: Model Selection and Multimodel Inference Based on (Q)AIC(c). https://cran.r-project.org/package=AICcmodavg Wilke, C. (2025). cowplot: Streamlined Plot Theme and Plot Annotations for ‘ggplot2. https://wilkelab.org/cowplot/ Hartig, F. (2026). DHARMa: Residual Diagnostics for Hierarchical (Multi-Level / Mixed) Regression Models. https://github.com/florianhartig/dharma. Signorell, A. (2025). DescTools: Tools for descriptive statistics. https://github.com/AndriSignorell/DescTools/ Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S. (2015). Fitting Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software 67(1): 1-48. doi:10.18637/jss.v067.i01. Lüdecke, D. (2025). sjPlot: Data Visualization for Statistics in Social Science. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=sjPlot. Lüdecke, D., Ranzolin, A., De Troye, J. (2025). sjlabelled: Labelled Data Utility Functions. https://strengejacke.github.io/sjlabelled/ Wickham, H., Vaughan, D., Girlich, M. (2026). tidyr: Tidy Messy Data. https://github.com/tidyverse/tidyr 20250901 Single detections that were not within 30 minutes of another detection were filtered out and removed as potential false positives. 20250901 Detections were grouped into residency events using a one-hour timeout between detections. Hourly residence events were then filtered to show where each fish was last detected each day to represent its spatial state. Hourly residence events from the receivers inside the locks were used to monitor the progression upstream through the lock into Lake Barkley. 20250901 Range testing: Field range testing involved lowering a single Vemco test tag with 8 HTI tags into the water and driving around Barkley Lock and Dam. Data were downloaded from the receivers, handheld GPS unit, and Trimble (Westminster, Colorado, United States) GPS unit. Detections and the time on each GPS coordinate were merged to show where the test tag was at the time of detection. Detection efficiencies and visual summaries were performed in R using the following packages: tidyverse, lubridate, data.table, readr, sf, rgdal, raster, RStoolbox, plotly, and htmlwidgets. Range testing figures will be released within the supplemental materials. 20250915 Kyle J Mosel United States Geological Survey Biologist physical

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse Wisconsin 54603 USA 608-783-6288 kmosel@usgs.gov freshwater_drum_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined tag_code The unique Vemco acoustic tag ID assigned to the fish during surgical implantation Producer Defined Unique tag assigned to the fish species The species of fish tagged Producer Defined Freshwater drum Freshwater drum Producer defined fish_date The day on which the fish was detected in the downstream lock approach Producer Defined 3/1/2021 7/31/2023 pass a binary variable that is 0 when a fish is detected in the downstream area on a given day but does not pass upstream and 1 when a fish is detected in the downstream area and passes upstream on that same day Producer Defined 0 presence without passage Producer defined 1 presence with passage Producer defined tagdate the date a fish was tagged Producer Defined 11/5/2019 4/26/2023 length the total length, in mm, of a fish at the time of capture Producer Defined 381 636 mean_wtem the mean water temperature (°C) for a given day, as measured by the VR2Tx receivers in the downstream approach to Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 8.129166667 30.87916667 mean_tw the mean tailwater elevation (m) for a given day, as provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority River Forecast Center Producer Defined 92.1639 103.130985 daily_lock_ct the number of lockages (i.e., the lock opening at one end and then the next, as to allow vessels to move upstream or downstream) recorded for a given day Producer Defined 0 25 bin_det a binary variable that is 0 when the deterrent was not operating and 1 when the deterrent was operating Producer Defined 0 not operating Producer defined 1 operating Producer defined cent_wtem centered values for water temperature (i.e., the mean daily water temperature for a given day (°C) minus the mean water temperature of the peak passage months) Producer Defined -12.57083333 10.17916667 cent_tw centered values for tailwater elevation, in m, (i.e., mean daily tailwater elevation minus the mean tailwater elevation value across the peak passage months) Producer Defined -3.2361 7.730985 cent_tl centered values for fish length, in mm (i.e., the observed fish length minus the median fish length for freshwater drum) Producer Defined -104 151 cent_tl_100 centered values for fish length in decimeters (i.e., the length of a fish at the time of tagging minus the median length for tagged fish within the same species) Producer Defined -1.04 1.51 cent_locks centered values for the number of daily lockages (i.e., the observed number of lockages for a day minus the median number of lockages during the peak passage months) Producer Defined -5 20 grass_carp_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined tag_code The unique Vemco or HTI acoustic tag ID assigned to the fish during surgical implantation Producer Defined Unique tag assigned to the fish species The species of fish tagged Producer Defined Grass carp Grass carp Producer defined fish_date The day on which the fish was detected in the downstream lock approach Producer Defined 04/20/2021 08/24/2023 pass a binary variable that is 0 when a fish is detected in the downstream area on a given day but does not pass upstream and 1 when a fish is detected in the downstream area and passes upstream on that same day Producer Defined 0 presence without passage Producer defined 1 presence with passage Producer defined tagdate the date a fish was tagged Producer Defined 4/20/2021 4/26/2023 length the total length, in mm, of a fish at the time of capture Producer Defined 581 973 upstream a binary variable that is 0 if a fish was captured downstream of Barkley Lock and Dam and 1 if the fish was initially captured upstream of Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 0 captured downstream of Barkley Lock and Dam Producer defined 1 captured upstream of Barkley Lock and Dam Producer defined mean_wtem the mean water temperature (°C) for a given day, as measured by the VR2Tx receivers in the downstream approach to Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 12.42916667 30.87916667 mean_tw the mean tailwater elevation (m) for a given day, as provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority River Forecast Center Producer Defined 92.26296 99.482275 daily_lock_ct the number of lockages (i.e., the lock opening at one end and then the next, as to allow vessels to move upstream or downstream) recorded for a given day Producer Defined 0 25 bin_det a binary variable that is 0 when the deterrent was not operating and 1 when the deterrent was operating Producer Defined 0 not operating Producer defined 1 operating Producer defined cent_wtem centered values for water temperature (i.e., the mean daily water temperature for a given day (°C) minus the mean water temperature of the peak passage months) Producer Defined -11.77083333 6.679166667 cent_tw centered values for tailwater elevation, in m, (i.e., mean daily tailwater elevation minus the mean tailwater elevation value across the peak passage months) Producer Defined -1.83704 5.382275 cent_tl centered values for fish length, in mm (i.e., the observed fish length minus the median fish length for freshwater drum) Producer Defined -200 192 cent_tl_100 centered values for fish length in decimeters (i.e., the length of a fish at the time of tagging minus the median length for tagged fish within the same species) Producer Defined -2.0 1.92 cent_locks centered values for the number of daily lockages (i.e., the observed number of lockages for a day minus the median number of lockages during the peak passage months) Producer Defined -5 20 paddlefish_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined tag_code The unique Vemco acoustic tag ID assigned to the fish during surgical implantation Producer Defined Unique tag assigned to the fish species The species of fish tagged Producer Defined Paddlefish American paddlefish Producer defined fish_date The day on which the fish was detected in the downstream lock approach Producer Defined 2/1/2021 6/30/2023 pass a binary variable that is 0 when a fish is detected in the downstream area on a given day but does not pass upstream and 1 when a fish is detected in the downstream area and passes upstream on that same day Producer Defined 0 presence without passage Producer defined 1 presence with passage Producer defined tagdate the date a fish was tagged Producer Defined 4/23/2019 4/24/2023 length the eye-fork length, in mm, of a fish at the time of capture Producer Defined 570 1349 mean_wtem the mean water temperature (°C) for a given day, as measured by the VR2Tx receivers in the downstream approach to Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 4.504166667 30.0125 mean_tw the mean tailwater elevation (m) for a given day, as provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority River Forecast Center Producer Defined 92.27439 103.59263 daily_lock_ct the number of lockages (i.e., the lock opening at one end and then the next, as to allow vessels to move upstream or downstream) recorded for a given day Producer Defined 0 25 bin_det a binary variable that is 0 when the deterrent was not operating and 1 when the deterrent was operating Producer Defined 0 not operating Producer defined 1 operating Producer defined cent_wtem centered values for water temperature (i.e., the mean daily water temperature for a given day (°C) minus the mean water temperature of the peak passage months) Producer Defined -11.99583333 13.5125 cent_tw centered values for tailwater elevation, in m, (i.e., mean daily tailwater elevation minus the mean tailwater elevation value across the peak passage months) Producer Defined -3.92561 7.39263 cent_length centered values for fish length (measured as eye-fork length), in mm (i.e., the observed fish length minus the median fish length for freshwater drum) Producer Defined -291 488 cent_tl_100 centered values for fish length in decimeters (i.e., the length (measured as eye-fork length) of a fish at the time of tagging minus the median length for tagged fish within the same species) Producer Defined -2.91 4.88 cent_locks centered values for the number of daily lockages (i.e., the observed number of lockages for a day minus the median number of lockages during the peak passage months) Producer Defined -5 20 silver_carp_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined tag_code The unique Vemco or HTI acoustic tag ID assigned to the fish during surgical implantation Producer Defined Unique tag assigned to the fish species The species of fish tagged Producer Defined Silver carp Silver carp Producer defined fish_date The day on which the fish was detected in the downstream lock approach Producer Defined 5/1/2021 9/30/2023 pass a binary variable that is 0 when a fish is detected in the downstream area on a given day but does not pass upstream and 1 when a fish is detected in the downstream area and passes upstream on that same day Producer Defined 0 presence without passage Producer defined 1 presence with passage Producer defined tagdate the date a fish was tagged Producer Defined 1/25/2018 4/26/2023 length the total length, in mm, of a fish at the time of capture Producer Defined 513 1037 upstream a binary variable that is 0 if a fish was captured downstream of Barkley Lock and Dam and 1 if the fish was initially captured upstream of Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 0 captured downstream of Barkley Lock and Dam Producer defined 1 captured upstream of Barkley Lock and Dam Producer defined mean_wtem the mean water temperature (°C) for a given day, as measured by the VR2Tx receivers in the downstream approach to Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 16.61666667 30.87916667 mean_tw the mean tailwater elevation (m) for a given day, as provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority River Forecast Center Producer Defined 92.113735 98.293555 daily_lock_ct the number of lockages (i.e., the lock opening at one end and then the next, as to allow vessels to move upstream or downstream) recorded for a given day Producer Defined 0 25 bin_det a binary variable that is 0 when the deterrent was not operating and 1 when the deterrent was operating Producer Defined 0 not operating Producer defined 1 operating Producer defined cent_wtem centered values for water temperature (i.e., the mean daily water temperature for a given day (°C) minus the mean water temperature of the peak passage months) Producer Defined -9.483333333 4.779166667 cent_tw centered values for tailwater elevation, in m, (i.e., mean daily tailwater elevation minus the mean tailwater elevation value across the peak passage months) Producer Defined -1.586265 4.593555 sex_bin a binary variable for sex that is 0 for female fish and 1 for male fish Producer Defined 0 female Producer defined 1 male Producer defined cent_tl centered values for fish length, in mm (i.e., the observed fish length minus the median fish length for freshwater drum) Producer Defined -204 320 cent_tl_100 centered values for fish length in decimeters (i.e., the length of a fish at the time of tagging minus the median length for tagged fish within the same species) Producer Defined -2.04 3.2 cent_locks centered values for the number of daily lockages (i.e., the observed number of lockages for a day minus the median number of lockages during the peak passage months) Producer Defined -6 19 smallmouth_buffalo_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined tag_code The unique Vemco acoustic tag ID assigned to the fish during surgical implantation Producer Defined Unique tag assigned to the fish species The species of fish tagged Producer Defined Smallmouth buffalo Smallmouth buffalo Producer defined fish_date The day on which the fish was detected in the downstream lock approach Producer Defined 4/6/2021 8/28/2023 pass a binary variable that is 0 when a fish is detected in the downstream area on a given day but does not pass upstream and 1 when a fish is detected in the downstream area and passes upstream on that same day Producer Defined 0 presence without passage Producer defined 1 presence with passage Producer defined tagdate the date a fish was tagged Producer Defined 4/23/2019 4/19/2023 length the total length, in mm, of a fish at the time of capture Producer Defined 411 997 mean_wtem the mean water temperature (°C) for a given day, as measured by the VR2Tx receivers in the downstream approach to Barkley Lock and Dam Producer Defined 12.42916667 30.87916667 mean_tw the mean tailwater elevation (m) for a given day, as provided by the Tennessee Valley Authority River Forecast Center Producer Defined 302.2104167 332.4604167 daily_lock_ct the number of lockages (i.e., the lock opening at one end and then the next, as to allow vessels to move upstream or downstream) recorded for a given day Producer Defined 0 25 bin_det a binary variable that is 0 when the deterrent was not operating and 1 when the deterrent was operating Producer Defined 0 not operating Producer defined 1 operating Producer defined cent_wtem centered values for water temperature (i.e., the mean daily water temperature for a given day (°C) minus the mean water temperature of the peak passage months) Producer Defined -11.77083333 6.679166667 cent_tw centered values for tailwater elevation, in m, (i.e., mean daily tailwater elevation minus the mean tailwater elevation value across the peak passage months) Producer Defined 208.1104167 238.3604167 cent_tl centered values for fish length, in mm (i.e., the observed fish length minus the median fish length for freshwater drum) Producer Defined -88 498 cent_tl_100 centered values for fish length in decimeters (i.e., the length of a fish at the time of tagging minus the median length for tagged fish within the same species) Producer Defined -0.88 4.98 cent_locks centered values for the number of daily lockages (i.e., the observed number of lockages for a day minus the median number of lockages during the peak passage months) Producer Defined -5 20 all_fish_passages.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined tag_code The unique Vemco or HTI acoustic tag ID assigned to the fish during surgical implantation Producer Defined Unique tag assigned to the fish species The species of fish tagged Producer Defined Smallmouth buffalo Smallmouth buffalo Producer defined Freshwater drum Freshwater drum Producer defined Grass carp Grass carp Producer defined Paddlefish Paddlefish Producer defined Silver carp Silver carp Producer defined fish_date The day on which the fish made upstream passage at Barkley Lock and Dam. Includes all passages between the min and max date listed to show full extent of passages. Producer Defined 11/6/2020 10/2/2023 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center

Building 810

Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13IEAVI None 20260529 Kyle J Mosel United States Geological Survey Biologist physical

Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center

2630 Fanta Reed Road

La Crosse Wisconsin 54603 USA 608-783-6288 kmosel@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999