Jon Dewitz 20250929 LF 2001 raster digital data Sioux Falls, SD Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KXTGM https://www.landfire.gov Jennifer L. Long Timothy D. Hatten 2023 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20233044 The LANDFIRE (LF) 2001 Fuel Loading Model (FLM) classification system is based on unique sets of fuel characteristics that simplify the input of fuel loadings into fire effects models. FLMs can be used to simulate smoke emissions and soil heating. LF 2001 defines a ‘fuelbed’ as all combustible material below two meters (six feet) and above mineral soil. These fuels are commonly referred to as surface fuels and include live and dead herbaceous and shrub material, down woody material, duff, and litter. Fire behavior and fire effects are the result of the combustion process of the fuels. The information that is needed to classify fuelbeds to simulate fire behavior and fire effects is different. The size and spatial distribution of smaller diameter combustible material, for example, is important to fire behavior while fire effects are dependent on the intensity and duration of combustion of all fuels. This generalization suggests that a fuels classification system that emphasizes significant difference in fire behavior will not be the same as a classification that identifies differences in fire effects. The FLMs developed here were designed to uniquely identify significant differences in two fire effects: maximum surface soil heating and total PM2.5 emissions. The LF FLM product incorporated the inherent variability of fuel loading across and within fuel components and the resolution of a fire effects prediction model at the plot scale. The classes were developed using a multiple step process where maximum soil surface heating and total PM2.5 emissions were first simulated in First Order Fire Effects Model (FOFEM) for a large set of surface fuelbeds sampled across the United States. The simulated effects were then grouped into 10 Effects Groups using a statistical clustering routine. Each Effects Group describes a unique range of soil heating and emissions. Finally, classification tree analysis was used to predict duff, litter, Fine Woody Debris (FWD), and log load that resulted in the soil heating and emissions seen in each of the Effects Groups. Unlike other fuel classifications, the FLMs were designed so they can be easily keyed in the field from fuel load estimates. This makes them useful as map units for estimating fire effects across multiple spatial scales. Moreover, the classification methods can be used to build finer resolution fuel classifications for smaller areas using local data. The LANDFIRE (LF) 2001 (version 1.0.5) Refresh of the LF National Base Map is the foundational version of LANDFIRE. The initial data released by LANDFIRE, referred to as LANDFIRE (LF) National (version 1.0.0), was completed in the winter of 2010. LF 2001 released in 2011 and incorporated improvements as well as remodeled cover and height layers. LF 2001 also ensured wildland fires through 2001 were represented. When LF 2001 released, it superseded LF National as the revised base map. LF 2001 products are designed to facilitate national and regional level strategic fire and resource management planning and reporting of management activities. The principal purposes of the products include providing: 1) national level landscape scale geospatial products to support fire and fuels management planning and 2) consistent fuels products to support fire planning, analysis, and budgeting to evaluate fire management alternatives. Products are created at a 30-meter raster; however, the applicability of products varies by location and specific use. LF products were designed to support 1) national (all states) strategic planning, 2) regional (single large states or groups of smaller states), and 3) strategic/tactical planning for large sub regional landscapes and Fire Management Units (FMUs) (such as significant portions of states or multiple federal administrative entities). The applicability of LF products to support fire and land management planning on smaller areas will vary by product, location, and specific use. Managers and planners must evaluate LF products according to the scale and requirements specific to their needs. 2001 ground condition Complete None planned -179.3173 -122.0000 71.5478 48.8767 ISO 19115 Topic Category imageryBaseMapsEarthCover biota None raster digital data U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) U.S. Forest Service (USFS) LANDFIRE 2001 LF 2001 Fuel Loading Model FLM USGS Thesaurus fire hazard preparedness remote sensing image collections geospatial datasets geographic information systems USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68caf3bcd4be026a99441047 Common geographic areas AK Alaska United States OCONUS None These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. LANDFIRE, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative physical address

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 U.S. 605-594-6151 helpdesk@landfire.gov These products were created by the LF team at USGS EROS, Sioux Falls, SD. Refer to the contact information throughout this metadata to contact the LF team. None in place Unclassified If there is ever doubt, contact the appropriate resource staff who has stewardship responsibility and the GIS Coordinator. Microsoft Windows 10; ESRI ArcGIS Suite Products were tested to ensure that each attribute is represented consistently across all data sets. Attributes were not validated against in person observations. 0.0 Assessment not applied The products were pixel "truth" tested for consistency of land or water characteristics across all products. Products were formally tested to ensure that valid data was produced for all pixels. Each product was then validated and tested for duplicates, omissions, and errors. US Geological Survey (USGS) 1996 raster digital data https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20253001 https://www.mrlc.gov/data https://www.mrlc.gov/viewer/ https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/655ceb8ad34ee4b6e05cc51a Digital and/or Hardcopy 2021 ground condition NLCD LANDFIRE always utilizes the latest products from NLCD, read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Department of Agriculture (USDA) 1961 application/service https://www.nass.usda.gov/ Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition NASS CDL Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ US Geological Survey (USGS) 1982 raster digital data Fact Sheet 2022-3084 Reston, VA USGS https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20223084 https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/landsat-collection-2-level-3-dynamic-surface-water-extent-science-product https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown ground condition DSWE The Landsat Collection 2 (C2) Level-3 Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE) product provides raster layers that represent surface water inundation per-pixel in Landsat data. US Forest Service (USFS) 1928 application/service Check https://www.landfire.gov/reference for more information. https://research.fs.usda.gov/programs/fia Digital and/or Hardcopy Unknown observed FIA Read more about each version of LANDFIRE and its inputs at https://landfire.gov/ LF 2001 ensures wildland fires from 1999 to 2001 are represented. Other improvements include resolving inconsistencies along international borders and updating certain aspects of key classes or areas, including: 1) riparian and wetlands areas, 2) labelling agricultural and urban vegetation class types as burnable, and 3) adjusting the extent of barren and water land cover types. Reference resources utilized in LANDFIRE includes but is not limited to: Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program plot data, Landsat Dynamic Surface Water Extent (DSWE), the National Land Cover Database (NLCD), and National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). To read more about LF reference resources go to https://landfire.gov/reference. Information about LF product testing is available by request or via the website at https://www.landfire.gov. 20070131 Raster Grid Cell 65574 122270 1 Alaska Albers Equal Area Conic 55.0 65.0 -154.0 50.0 0 0 row and column 30.0 30.0 meters North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Geodetic Reference System 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 FLM LF 2001 FLM attributes spreadsheet. LF 2001 OID_ Object ID. LF 2001 OID Value Value. LF 2001 -9999 NoData LF 2001 0 995 Desc_ Description. LF 2001 See the ADD or csv for more information. Grp Group. FLM classes that produce similar ranges of particulate emissions and soil heating. LF 2001 N/A No Data LF 2001 Effects Group 1 Wispy_Cool_Sparse LF 2001 Effects Group 2 Wispy_Warm_Light LF 2001 Effects Group 3 Wispy_Hot_Moderate LF 2001 Effects Group 4 Wispy_Very Hot_Light LF 2001 Effects Group 5 Wispy_Cool_Moderate LF 2001 Effects Group 6 Hazy_Warm_Moderate to Heavy LF 2001 Effects Group 7 Wispy to Hazy_Hot_Moderate LF 2001 Effects Group 8 Hazy_Warm to Hot_Heavy LF 2001 Effects Group 9 Smokey_Cool to Hot_Very Heavy LF 2001 Effects Group 10 Smokey_Cool_Very Heavy LF 2001 Effects Group 500 Wispy_Cool_Sparse LF 2001 GrpDesc Group description. LF 2001 N/A No Data LF 2001 Wispy_Cool_Sparse Low PM2.5 particulate emissions (less than0.22 T acre–1) less than 212 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Wispy_Warm_Light Low PM2.5 particulate emissions (less than 0.33 T acre–1) 212 to 392 °F surface soil temperatur LF 2001 Wispy_Hot_Moderate Low PM2.5 particle emissions (less than0.33 T acre–1) 392 to 662 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Wispy_Very Hot_Light Low PM2.5 particulate emissions(less than 0.33 T acre–1) 752 to 1112 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Wispy_Cool_Moderate Low PM2.5 particulate emissions (0.22 to 0.45 T acre–1) less than 302 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Hazy_Warm_Moderate to Heavy PM2.5 particulate emissions 0.45 to 0.81 T acre–1 less than 392 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Wispy to Hazy_Hot_Moderate Low PM2.5 particulate emissions (0.22 to 0.56 T acre–1) 347 to 572 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Hazy_Warm to Hot_Heavy PM2.5 particulate emissions 0.56 to 0.89 T acre–1 212 to 752 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Smokey_Cool to Hot_Very Heavy PM2.5 particulate emissions 0.89 to 2.23 T acre–1 less than572 °F surface soil temperature LF 2001 Smokey_Cool_Very Heavy PM2.5 particulate emissions greater than 2.23 T acre–1 Most less than 212 °F soil temp LF 2001 Code Fuel loading model code. LF 2001 N/A No Data LF 2001 FLM011 Light FWD, light to no duff FLM012 Moderate FWD, light litter FLM013 Moderate FWD, light to moderate litter, light duff FLM014 Shrub_Sagebrush with low total load FLM015 Shrub_Non-sagebrush with low total load FLM021 Light logs, light duff FLM031 Moderate litter, light duff, light logs FLM041 Moderate FWD, light to moderate litter FLM051 Moderate duff, light logs FLM053 Shrub_Sagebrush with medium total load FLM054 Shrub_Non-sagebrush with medium total load FLM061 Moderate to very heavy logs, light duff FLM062 Moderate duff, light logs, light litter FLM063 Moderate duff, light to heavy logs, light litter FLM064 Moderate to heavy duff, light to heavy logs FLM065 Shrub_Sagebrush with high total load FLM066 Shrub_Non-sagebrush with high total load FLM071 Moderate to heavy logs, light duff FLM072 Moderate duff, light to moderate logs, moderate litter FLM081 Very heavy logs, light duff FLM082 Moderate duff, light to heavy logs, moderate litter FLM083 Heavy to very heavy logs, moderate duff FLM091 Heavy duff ,light to heavy logs FLM092 Very heavy logs FLM093 Heavy duff, heavy to very heavy logs FLM101 Very heavy duff FLM102 Heavy litter, light duff, light logs FLM511 Herb - Grassland high total load FLM521 Herb - Grassland low total load FLM523 Herb - Grassland low total load, reduced FLM701 High Duff and Litter, High Fine Wood, High Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM702 High Duff and Litter, High Fine Wood, Mod to High Log, Low Herb, Low - High Shrub Loading FLM703 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, Low Herb , Mod Shrub Loading FLM704 High Duff and Litter, No Fine wood, No Log, High Herb, No Shrub Loading FLM705 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM706 High Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, High Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM707 Mod Duff and Litter, No Fine Wood, No Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM709 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, No Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM710 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, High Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM712 Low Duff and Litter, Mod-High Fine Wood, Mod Logs, Mod Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM713 High Duff and Litter, Mod-High Fine Wood, Mod-High Logs, Low-Mod Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM705 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM706 High Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, High Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM707 Mod Duff and Litter, No Fine Wood, No Log, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM709 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, No Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM710 High Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, High Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM712 Low Duff and Litter, Mod-High Fine Wood, Mod Logs, Mod Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM713 High Duff and Litter, Mod-High Fine Wood, Mod-High Logs, Low-Mod Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM714 Low Duff and Litter, No Fine Wood, No Logs, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM715 Low Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, Low Logs, Mod Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM716 Low Duff and Litter, High Fine Wood, Low Logs, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM717 Low Duff and Litter, High Fine Wood, None-Low Logs, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM718 No Duff and Litter, High Fine Wood, No Logs, Mod Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM719 Low Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, Low Logs, Low Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM720 No Duff and Litter, Low-Mod Fine Wood, Low Logs, Mod-High Herb, High Shrub Loading FLM722 No Duff and Litter, None-Low Fine Wood, No Logs, Mod-High Herb, No Shrub Loading FLM726 None-Low Duff and Litter, Low-Mod Fine Wood, No Logs, Low-Mod Herb, None-Low Shrub Loading FLM731 Mod Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Mod Log, Low Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM732 Mod Duff and Litter, No Fine wood, No Log, Mod Herb, No Shrub Loading FLM733 Mod Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, Low Log, No Herb, Low Shrub FLM734 Mod Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, Low Log, Mod Herb, Low Shrub FLM741 Low Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, Low Log, Low Herb, Low Shrub Loading FLM742 Low Duff and Litter, No Fine Wood, No Log, Low Herb, No Shrub Loading FLM743 Low Duff and Litter, No Fine Wood, No Log, Low Herb, Low Shrub Loading FLM744 Low Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, Low Log, Low Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM751 No Duff and Litter, Mod Fine Wood, No Logs, Low Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM752 No Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, Low Logs, Low Herb, Mod Shrub Loading FLM753 No Duff and Litter, Low Fine Wood, No Logs, Low Herb, No Shrub Loading Litter Fuel component litter measurement, in tons per acre. LF 2001 0.0 17.97 Duff Fuel component duff measurement, in tons per acre. LF 2001 0.0 441.0 OneHr Fuel component 1 hour fuel measurement, in tons per acre. LF 2001 0.0 10.0 TenHr Fuel component 10 hour fuel measurement, in tons per acre. LF 2001 0.0 2.04 HunHr Fuel component 100 hour fuel measurement, in tons per acre. LF 2001 0.0 3.333333 ThouHr Fuel component 1000 hour fuel measurement, in tons per acre. LF 2001 0.0 46.12 Herb Fuel component herbaceous fuel measurement. LF 2001 0.0 4.27 Shrub Fuel component shrub fuel measurement. LF 2001 0.0 40.8 R Red color value/255 LF 2001 0.0 255.0 G Green color value/255 LF 2001 0.0 255.0 B Blue color value/255 LF 2001 0.0 255.0 Red Red color value. LF 2001 0.0 1.0 Green Green color value. LF 2001 0.0 1.0 Blue Blue color value. LF 2001 0.0 1.0 LANDFIRE (LF) 2001 Fuel Loading Model (FLM). An Attribute Table is included with each product download as a .csv and embedded in the metadata. The Attribute Data Dictionary (ADD) can be found at https://www.landfire.gov/. LF 2001 Fuel Loading Model U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Downloadable Data This product is reproduced from geospatial information prepared by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) USGS EROS. By removing the contents of this package or taking receipt of these files via electronic file transfer methods, you understand that the data stored on this media can be updated at any time. Represented features may not be in an accurate geographic location. USGS EROS makes no expressed or implied warranty, including warranty of merchantability and fitness, with respect to the character, function, or capabilities of the data or their appropriateness for any user's purposes. USGS EROS reserves the right to correct, update, modify, or replace this geospatial information without notification. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. ARCG 20070131 LF 2001 https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KXTGM None ESRI ArcMap Suite and/or Arc/Info software, and supporting operating systems. 20250929 LANDFIRE, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center (EROS), U.S. Geological Survey Customer Service Representative physical

47914 252nd Street

Sioux Falls SD 57198 U.S. 605-594-6151 helpdesk@landfire.gov FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None None None Unclassified None