Tanner Humbert Abigail McKellips James Rentch W. Mark Ford 20251205 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P14UAMFN In 2005, a silvicultural restoration study was implemented to observe the response of individual red spruce to various percent basal area (BA; m2) removal treatments of competing hardwood species. These treatments consisted of four different basal area removals: control was 0 percent, low was about 33 percent, medium was about 67 percent, and high was about 100 percent around individual understory trees. Crop tree response was measured in 2007, 2010, 2013, and 2024. In each revisit, the diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (TH) were collected. By 2016, trees in the three release treatments had a significantly greater increase in DBH and TH growth relative to controls. In 2024, all classes' average annual growth rates had increased. Growth of the trees in the removal treatments increased more than that of the controls. However, by 2024, there was no significant difference in the responses of the crop trees in the low and medium removal classes. Nonetheless, there was a significant difference between the growth of the high-treatment class and all other classes. These data were collected to understand the growth response of mid-story red spruce (Picea rubens) from varying levels of suppressing overstory hardwood tree removal over a 20 year span. These data are appropriate to understand response of red spruce to changing light conditions and growth rates thereof for silvicultural modeling and prescriptions in the Central Appalachians for red spruce restoration efforts. 20050515 20241015 ground condition Complete None planned eastern West Virginia -80.2013 -79.3900 39.0300 38.2200 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None Crop-tree release Height Diameter at breast height Red spruce USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68c810f9d4be02503201632e USGS Thesaurus forest ecosystems ecosystem monitoring None West Virginia Allegheny Mountains None Picea rubens Kingdom Plantae plants Subkingdom Viridiplantae green plants Infrakingdom Streptophyta land plants Superdivision Embryophyta Division Tracheophyta vascular plants tracheophytes Subdivision Spermatophytina spermatophytes seed plants Class Pinopsida conifers Subclass Pinidae Order Pinales pines Family Pinaceae pines Genus Picea spruce Species Picea rubens red spruce TSN: 18034 No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. William M Ford USGS - ECOSYSTEMS Unit Leader Research Wildlife Biologist mailing and physical

304 Cheatham Hall, PTX - Virginia Tech VA CFWRU

Blacksburg VA 24061 USA 540-231-5927 wford@usgs.gov U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center; U.S. Forest Service, Northern Research Station; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; West Virginia University Values for height and diameter at breast height were measured with standard forestry tools and represent true values. No accuracy test was needed or performed Data does match details provided Data is appropriate for the Allegheny Mountains portion of the Central Appalachians, USA. Upon study inception,approximately 15-30 target midstory, suppressed red spruce (Picea rubens) were selected in mature northern hardwood or mixed red spruce-northern stands in West Virginia. Each tree was tagged with a metal numerical marker at its base. Initial height and diameter were measured with a clinometer or laser range-finder and logger d-tape, respectively. Then the tree was randomly assigned a "cone" of overstory release of overtopping hardwoods of 0 (control), 33%, 66% and 100% around the target red spruce. Overstory trees were stem-injected with herbicide in the 2007 growing season. Response measurements of height and diameter were collected in 2010, 2013 and 2024. See: 1) Rentch,J.S., T.M. Schuler,W.M. Ford, and G.J.Nowacki. 2007. Red spruce stand dynamics,simulations, and restoration opportunities in the central Appalachians. Restoration Ecology 15:440-452 2) Rentch, J.S.; Ford, W.M.; Schuler, T.S.; Palmer, J.; Diggins, C.A. 2016. Release of Suppressed Red Spruce Using Canopy Gap Creation--Ecological Restoration in the Central Appalachians. Natural Areas Journal. 36(1): 29-37. 20060615 William M Ford USGS - ECOSYSTEMS Unit Leader Research Wildlife Biologist mailing and physical

304 Cheatham Hall, PTX - Virginia Tech VA CFWRU

Blacksburg VA 24061 540-231-5927 wford@usgs.gov Vector Entity point 1 0.0197559976 0.0250292532 Decimal seconds WGS_1984 WGS 84 6378137.0 298.257223563 Rentch Trees USGS.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Site Site name where red spruce trees were released and measured, location include agency ownership Producer Defined Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge Blackbird Wing Ski Trail Site name Producer defined Canaan Valley National Wildlife Refuge Forest Road 80 Terminus Site name Producer defined Kumbrabow State Forest NW Whitman Knob Site name Producer defined Kumbrabow State Forest SW Buck Knob Site name Producer defined Monongahela National Forest Briery Knob Site name Producer defined Monongahela National Forest Mountain Lick Run Site name Producer defined Tree_number Unique metal tag number placed on tree at each site Producer Defined 1 375 Height_2005_m Tree height in 2005 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 2.80402 9.7836 meters Diameter_breast_height_2005_cm Diameter at breast in 2005 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 2.54 16.002 centimeters Height_2007_m Tree height in 2007 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 2.8955 11.3075 meters Diameter_breast_height_2007_cm Diameter at breast height in 2007 Producer Defined 3.81 17.018 Height_2010_m Tree height in 2010 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 3.2612 12.0085 Diameter_breast_height_2010_cm Diameter at breast height in 2010 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 4.572 18.034 centimeters Height_2013_m Tree height in 2013 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 3.7184 13.3191 meters Diameter_breast_height_2013_cm Diameter at breast height in 2013 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 5.588 19.558 centimeters Height_2024_m Tree height in 2024 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 4.5413 16.6413 meters Diameter_breast_height_2024_cm Diameter at breast height in 2024 Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 8.128 27.432 centimeters Target_release_percent_overlapping_crown Portion of overlapping cone over red spruce trees that were estimated to be removed by stem-injection herbicide Producer Defined 0 100 percent area Longitude Longitude of red spruce tree measured Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined -80.3498060 -79.3946024 Latitude Latitude of red spruce tree measured Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 38.14885535 39.02588159 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P14UAMFN None 20251205 Climate Adaptation Science Centers mailing and physical

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr.

Reston Virginia 20192 N/A casc-data@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999