Zoeller, Michael H. Carbo, Chelsea L. Cook, Chelsea J. Smith, Steven J. Wessels, Rick L. Patrick, Matthew R. Dietterich, Hannah R. Deligne, Natalia I. Pasqualon, Natália G. Trusdell, Frank A. 20260506 vector digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TFQAGR Zoeller, Michael H. Carbo, Chelsea L. Cook, Chelsea J. Smith, Steven J. Wessels, Rick L. Patrick, Matthew R. Dietterich, Hannah R. Deligne, Natalia I. Pasqualon, Natália G. Trusdell, Frank A. 2026 vector digital data Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey Suggested citation: Zoeller, M.H., Carbo, C.L., Cook, C.J., Smith, S.J., Wessels, R.L., Patrick, M.R., Dietterich, H.R., Deligne, N.I., Pasqualon, N.G., and Trusdell, F.A., 2026, Geospatial data depicting eruptions since 2018 in the State of Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TFQAGR. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TFQAGR The hulihia (Hawaiian for "upheaval") of 2018 represents a significant benchmark in the history of Hawaiian volcanology. Kīlauea experienced a historically damaging eruption along its lower East Rift Zone in association with the volcano’s largest summit collapse in over a century, which forced the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory to vacate its longtime post at Uēkahuna on the rim of Kaluapele (the summit caldera). These events were a significant disruption from the relatively steady-state activity exhibited for more than a decade prior, with low-effusion lava flows from Puʻuʻōʻō along the middle East Rift Zone in the latter stages of an eruption that began in 1983 and a summit lava lake that had first appeared in 2008. Eruptive activity since 2018 has been substantially more dynamic: following a year of quiescence in 2019, the summit of Kīlauea experienced five eruptions lasting from a week to more than a year between 2020 and 2023, then the volcano had two relatively short eruptions along the Southwest Rift Zone (less than 1 day) and middle East Rift Zone (5 days) in 2024, followed by another summit eruption beginning December 23, 2024 that continues episodically at the time of this writing (February 2026). Meanwhile, neighboring Mauna Loa had a summit and upper Northeast Rift Zone eruption lasting two weeks from late November into December 2022, the volcano’s first in thirty-eight years. This product contains geospatial data depicting features from each of these eruptions—including lava flows—and it will be updated with future effusive activity at the active subaerial volcanoes in the State of Hawaii: Kīlauea, Mauna Loa, Hualālai, Mauna Kea, and Haleakalā. This geospatial database provides a digital representation of eruptive features since 2018 in the State of Hawaii. The content and character of the digital publication, as well as methods for obtaining the digital files, are described here. See Entity_and_Attribute_Information for positional accuracy of features and attribute data. These feature data consist of points representing vent positions; not all eruptions since 2018 had point eruptive vents, so refer to the FissureLines feature class for eruptions not included here.These data were compiled in ArcGIS Pro, a commercial geographic information system (GIS) by Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) of Redlands, California. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20201220 20250825 ground condition In work As needed -160.247083 -154.806690 22.232460 18.910685 USGS Thesaurus volcanic activity volcanic rocks Lithclass6.2 Volcanic rock Mafic volcanic rock Basalt Lava flow None HI_post2018 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68c493f7d4be021a00d8cdea Common geographic areas United States Hawaii Maui Pacific Pacific Islands None Kīlauea Kaluapele Halemaʻumaʻu East Rift Zone Southwest Rift Zone Mauna Loa Mokuʻāweoweo Northeast Rift Zone Southwest Rift Zone Hualālai Mauna Kea Haleakalā USGS Thesaurus Quaternary Holocene None. These data should not be used in any manner that violates the spatial resolution of approximately 2 millimeters (0.1 inches) at 1:5,000-scale, or 10 meters (33 feet) on the ground. Although digital geospatial vector data are not constrained by scale like paper maps, the inherent uncertainty of the source data is transferred to this database. The data were edited at a scale of 1:5,000; therefore, no data of higher resolution have been included. Displaying or analyzing the data at larger scales will not provide greater detail, and it may reveal irregularities that were not visible at the intended scale of 1:5,000. If these data are used alongside any higher-resolution digital data, the spatial resolution of the combined dataset will only be equal to that of the lowest-resolution data. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) provides these data "as-is" but assumes no legal liability or responsibility resulting from the use or misuse of this product. Acknowledgment of the USGS is appreciated in any products derived from these data. Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. Environment as of metadata creation: Version 6.2 (Build 9200); Esri ArcGIS Pro 3.4.3 See Entity_and_Attribute_Information. See Attribute_Accuracy_Explanation. Attribute accuracy is described, where applicable, in the Entity_and_Attribute_Information section. The polyline and polygon feature classes in the geodatabase were checked for various topologic errors, which were rectified if necessary. Dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal accuracy assessment has been performed. No formal accuracy assessment has been performed. Carr, Brett B. Zoeller, Michael H. DeSmither, Liliana G. Downs, Drew T. Hamilton, Christopher W. Mulliken, Katie Parcheta, Carolyn E. Patrick, Matthew R. 2025 publication Full citation: Carr, B.B., Zoeller, M.H., DeSmither, L.G., Downs, D.T., Hamilton, C.W., Mulliken, K., Parcheta, C.E., and Patrick, M.R., 2025, Digital elevation models, orthomosaics, and GIS shapefiles of the 2020–2021 summit eruption at Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1IHM3GT. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1IHM3GT publication 20201221 20250608 ground condition Carr and others (2025) Carr and others (2025) provided the VentPoints features for the 2020–2021 Kīlauea summit eruption. Zoeller, Michael H. Patrick, Matthew R. Bard, Joseph A. Trusdell, Frank A. Parcheta, Carolyn E. Wessels, Rick L. Carbo, Chelsea L. Mosbrucker, Adam R. Robinson, Joel E. 2024 publication Full citation: Zoeller, M.H., Patrick, M.R., Bard, J.A., Trusdell, F.A., Parcheta, C.E., Wessels, R.L., Carbo, C.L., Mosbrucker, A.R., and Robinson, J.E., 2024, Geospatial database of the 2022 summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption of Mauna Loa volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1KES7F4. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1KES7F4 publication 2022 ground condition Zoeller and others (2024) Zoeller and others (2024) provided the VentPoints feature for the 2022 Mauna Loa summit and Northeast Rift Zone eruption. Orthomosaics and thermal maps were respectively constructed, using Agisoft Metashape software, from optical and thermal images captured during Hawaiian Volcano Observatory helicopter and uncrewed aircraft system (UAS) flights over eruption areas. The data products were aligned to pre-eruption satellite imagery or lidar hillshades using marker points at unchanged and well-defined features. 2025 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist/GIS analyst mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. Eruption features were either plotted from individual Hawaiian Volcano Observatory aerial photos or digitized from Hawaiian Volcano Observatory orthomosaics and thermal maps, as well as from various satellite imagery sources, using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. 2025 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist/GIS analyst mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. The VentPoints features for the 2023 September Kīlauea summit eruption were plotted from individual September 10, 2023 aerial photos captured by the Lyman Field Composite Squadron of the Hawaii Wing of the Civil Air Patrol, using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. 2025 Natalia Deligne U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Volcanologist mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8812 ndeligne@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. All plotted and digitized features were loaded into Esri geodatabase feature classes, using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. 2025 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist/GIS analyst mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. The VentPoint features (centroids of fissure polylines) for the 2020–2021 Kīlauea summit eruption were loaded from Carr and others (2025), using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. Carr and others (2025) 2025 Hannah Dietterich U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Volcano Observatory Volcanologist mailing and physical address

Alaska Volcano Observatory

4230 University Drive

Suite 100

Anchorage Alaska 99508 United States of America 907-786-7474 hdietterich@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. Most start and end dates for eruptive features were determined from general Hawaiian Volcano Observatory observations (webcam views, field and overflight crews), unless otherwise noted. 2025 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist/GIS analyst mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. All Esri geodatabase feature classes were exported as Esri shapefiles, using Esri ArcGIS Pro software. 2025 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist/GIS analyst mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. Metadata were written for all Esri geodatabase feature classes and Esri shapefiles. 2025 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist/GIS analyst mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. Vector Entity point 31 NAD 1983 UTM Zone 5N 0.9996 -153.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.000000002220024164500956 0.000000002220024164500956 meter D North American 1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 HI_post2018_VentPoints.shp Points with associated attribute data for the vent positions for eruptions since 2018 in the State of Hawaii. Author. FID Internal feature number. Esri Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. Esri Coordinates defining the feature. Volcano Source volcano of feature. Author Kīlauea Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Author Mauna Loa Mauna Loa volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Author Hualālai Hualālai volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Author Mauna Kea Mauna Kea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Author Haleakalā Haleakalā volcano, island of Maui. Author EventName Name of the eruptive event. Author Text naming the eruptive event. FeatName Name of the eruptive feature. Author Text naming the eruptive feature. StartDate Date and time of vent eruption start (Hawaii Standard Time), formatted as a Text attribute field. Author Dates expressed as YYYY/MM/DD. EndDate Date and time of vent eruption end (Hawaii Standard Time), formatted as a Text attribute field. Author Dates expressed as YYYY/MM/DD. NULL values are given for ongoing eruption(s). DataSource Description of the data source. Author Text describing the data source. U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center

Building 810

Mail Stop 302

Denver Colorado 80225 United States of America 1-888-ASK-USGS sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Inundated areas shown should not be used for navigation, regulatory, permitting, or other legal purposes. The USGS provides these data "as-is" but assumes no legal liability or responsibility resulting from the use or misuse of this product. Although the USGS intends to make this server available 24 hours a day, seven days a week, timely delivery of data and products from this server through the internet is not guaranteed. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. ARCE ArcGIS Pro 3.4.3 Esri file geodatabase, Esri shapefiles. Winzip https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TFQAGR No fees for digital files. 2025 20260506 Michael Zoeller U.S. Geological Survey, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Geologist mailing and physical address

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory

1266 Kamehameha Avenue

Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 United States of America 808-967-8848 mzoeller@usgs.gov Preferred contact by e-mail. This mailing and physical address is temporary. FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time None. None. None Unclassified None http://www.esri.com/ Esri Metadata Profile