<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<metadata xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <idinfo>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>Jonathan M. King</origin>
        <origin>Jaime Kostelnik</origin>
        <origin>Jason W. Kean</origin>
        <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
        <title>Hill 2024-07-16 (hil2024) postfire debris-flow hazard assessment</title>
        <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
        <onlink>https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GTMAX</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>Wildfire can substantially alter the hydrologic response of watersheds to rainfall, and debris-flow activity is the among the most destructive consequences of these events. To assist federal, state, and local agencies in planning for postfire hazards, the U.S. Geological Survey conducts debris-flow hazard assessments for recent wildfires.This item holds the postfire debris-flow hazard assessment for the Hill fire event that began on or near 2024-07-16.

Contents:

Shapefiles.zip
Zip archive of hazard modeling results. Includes shapefiles for the fire perimeter, stream segments, catchment basins, and outlet points.

hil2024-field-descriptions.txt
Descriptions of the shapefile data fields.

hil2024-median-thresholds.csv
Table of median rainfall thresholds as calculated over the stream segments and catchment basins.

hil2024-metadata.txt
Auxiliary metadata about the fire event and implementation of the hazard assessment.

Methods:

The hazard assessment was designed to implement:

* The "M1" debris-flow likelihood model of Staley and others (2017)
* The "emergency" potential sediment volume model of Gartner and others (2014)
* The debris-flow combined hazard classification scheme of Cannon and others (2010)

The assessment was produced by USGS personnel running the beta version of the ocelote package. Operational personnel may have also modified stream network delineation and modeling parameters in order to ensure quality. The beta version is represented by the ocelote commits prior to the v1.0.0 release. The ocelote source repository can be found here: https://code.usgs.gov/ghsc/lhp/ocelote

References:

Cannon, S. H., Gartner, J. E., Rupert, M. G., Michael, J. A., Rea, A. H., and Parrett, C. (2010). Predicting the probability and volume of postwildfire debris flows in the intermountain western United States. Bulletin, 122(1-2), 127-144.

Gartner, J. E., Cannon, S. H., and Santi, P. M. (2014). Empirical models for predicting volumes of sediment deposited by debris flows and sediment-laden floods in the transverse ranges of southern California. Engineering Geology, 176, 45-56.

Staley, D. M., Negri, J. A., Kean, J. W., Laber, J. L., Tillery, A. C., and Youberg, A. M. (2017). Prediction of spatially explicit rainfall intensity–duration thresholds for post-fire debris-flow generation in the western United States. Geomorphology, 278, 149-162.</abstract>
      <purpose>This assessments was produced in response to elevated debris-flow hazards following wildfire events, and is intended to assist federal, state, and local agencies in planning for postfire hazards.</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <sngdate>
          <caldate>20240716</caldate>
        </sngdate>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>Fire start date</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>None planned</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-123.699074</westbc>
        <eastbc>-123.6025</eastbc>
        <northbc>40.828056</northbc>
        <southbc>40.746481</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Category</themekt>
        <themekey>geoscientificInformation</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS information products</themekt>
        <themekey>data release</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Thesaurus</themekt>
        <themekey>landslides</themekey>
        <themekey>hazards</themekey>
        <themekey>fires</themekey>
        <themekey>maps and atlases</themekey>
        <themekey>landslide susceptibility assessment</themekey>
        <themekey>hazard preparedness</themekey>
        <themekey>mathematical modeling</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>USGS Metadata Identifier</themekt>
        <themekey>USGS:68c49328d4be021a00d8cccc</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>Common geographic areas</placekt>
        <placekey>United States</placekey>
        <placekey>North America</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <accconst>No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details.</accconst>
    <useconst>These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey, Landslide Hazards Program</cntorg>
          <cntper>GHSC Data Steward</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntpos>GHSC Data Steward</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>1711 Illinois St</address>
          <city>Golden</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80401</postal>
          <country>US</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>3032738500</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>ghsc_metadata@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
    <datacred>BAER, GTAC, and EROS supported the collection of input datasets used to implement the hazard models.</datacred>
    <native>Beta versions of the ocelote codebase via Python 3.11.</native>
  </idinfo>
  <dataqual>
    <attracc>
      <attraccr>Assessments were reviewed by USGS personnel prior to publication. Personnel may have modified stream network delineation and modeling parameters in order to ensure quality.</attraccr>
    </attracc>
    <logic>No formal logical tests were performed.</logic>
    <complete>The assessment results represent areas within or downstream of the fire perimeter, pursuant to the modeling criteria of the ocelote package.</complete>
    <lineage>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>BAER Team</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Fire Perimeter</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>perimeter</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Used to define the burn area</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>USGS National Map 1/3rd arc-second DEM</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Digital Elevation Model</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
            <onlink>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/4f70aa9fe4b058caae3f8de5</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>dem</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Used to compute flow pathways, slopes, and vertical relief.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>BAER Team</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Differenced Normalized Burn Ratio</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>dnbr</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Informs the M1 likelihood model.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>BAER Team</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Soil burn severity</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>severity</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Informs network delineation, the M1 likelihood model, and the volume model.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>STATSGO KFFACT</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Soil KF-factors</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <onlink>https://www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/631405c5d34e36012efa3187</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>kf</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Informs the M1 likelihood model.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>LANDFIRE 240EVT</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Existing Vegetation Type</title>
            <geoform>raster digital data</geoform>
            <onlink>https://lfps.usgs.gov/api</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>evt</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Informs network delineation.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <srcinfo>
        <srccite>
          <citeinfo>
            <origin>Los Angeles County, CA</origin>
            <pubdate>20240920</pubdate>
            <title>Debris Retainment Features</title>
            <geoform>vector digital data</geoform>
            <onlink>https://pw.lacounty.gov/sur/nas/landbase/AGOL/Debris_Basin.gdb.zip</onlink>
          </citeinfo>
        </srccite>
        <typesrc>Digital and/or Hardcopy</typesrc>
        <srctime>
          <timeinfo>
            <sngdate>
              <caldate>20240920</caldate>
            </sngdate>
          </timeinfo>
          <srccurr>Assessment Date</srccurr>
        </srctime>
        <srccitea>retainments</srccitea>
        <srccontr>Informs network delineation.</srccontr>
      </srcinfo>
      <procstep>
        <procdesc>The assessment was produced by running the beta version of the ocelote command line tool on the input datasets. The beta version is represented by the ocelote commits prior to the v1.0.0 release. The ocelote source repository can be found here: https://code.usgs.gov/ghsc/lhp/ocelote</procdesc>
        <srcused>perimeter</srcused>
        <srcused>dem</srcused>
        <srcused>dnbr</srcused>
        <srcused>severity</srcused>
        <srcused>kf</srcused>
        <srcused>evt</srcused>
        <srcused>retainments</srcused>
        <procdate>20240920</procdate>
        <proccont>
          <cntinfo>
            <cntperp>
              <cntper>Jonathan M King</cntper>
              <cntorg>USGS - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION</cntorg>
            </cntperp>
            <cntpos>Research Physical Scientist</cntpos>
            <cntaddr>
              <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
              <address>Colorado School of Mines, 1711 Illinois St</address>
              <city>Golden</city>
              <state>CO</state>
              <postal>80401</postal>
            </cntaddr>
            <cntvoice>3032738500</cntvoice>
            <cntemail>jking@usgs.gov</cntemail>
          </cntinfo>
        </proccont>
      </procstep>
    </lineage>
  </dataqual>
  <spdoinfo>
    <direct>Vector</direct>
    <ptvctinf>
      <sdtsterm>
        <sdtstype>String</sdtstype>
        <ptvctcnt>457</ptvctcnt>
      </sdtsterm>
    </ptvctinf>
  </spdoinfo>
  <spref>
    <horizsys>
      <geograph>
        <latres>0.0197754793</latres>
        <longres>0.0235836429</longres>
        <geogunit>Decimal seconds</geogunit>
      </geograph>
      <geodetic>
        <horizdn>North_American_Datum_1983</horizdn>
        <ellips>GRS 1980</ellips>
        <semiaxis>6378137.0</semiaxis>
        <denflat>298.257222101</denflat>
      </geodetic>
    </horizsys>
  </spref>
  <eainfo>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>Shapefiles.zip</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Zip archive of hazard modeling results.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Segment_ID</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Unique, ascending, non-sequential integer ID assigned to each stream segment.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>1</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>T</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Terrain variable for the M1 model. The proportion of catchment area that is both (1) burned at moderate-or-high severity, and (2) has a slope angle of at least 23 degrees.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>F</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Fire variable for the M1 model. Mean catchment dNBR divided by 1000.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>-Inf</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Unitless</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>S</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Soil variable for the M1 model. Mean catchment KF-factor.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
            <attrunit>inches per hour</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Bmh_km2</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Catchment area burned at moderate or high severity.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Square kilometers</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Relief</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Vertical relief</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Area_km2</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Total catchment area</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Square kilometers</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>BurnRatio</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>The proportion of catchment that is burned.</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1.0</rdommax>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>DevArea</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Developed catchment area</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0.0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Square kilometers</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>ConfAngle</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Confinement angle</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>180</rdommax>
            <attrunit>degrees</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>Slope</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Slope</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>Inf</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Unitless (rise / run)</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
      <attr>
        <attrlabl>InPerim</attrlabl>
        <attrdef>Whether each stream segment intersects the fire perimeter</attrdef>
        <attrdefs>Producer Defined</attrdefs>
        <attrdomv>
          <rdom>
            <rdommin>0</rdommin>
            <rdommax>1</rdommax>
            <attrunit>Boolean</attrunit>
          </rdom>
        </attrdomv>
      </attr>
    </detailed>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>hil2024-field-descriptions.txt</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Descriptions of data fields in Shapefiles.zip.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
    </detailed>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>hil2024-median-thresholds.csv</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Table of median rainfall thresholds as calculated over the stream segments and catchment basins.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
    </detailed>
    <detailed>
      <enttyp>
        <enttypl>hil2024-metadata.txt</enttypl>
        <enttypd>Auxiliary metadata about the fire event and implementation of the hazard assessment.</enttypd>
        <enttypds>Producer Defined</enttypds>
      </enttyp>
    </detailed>
  </eainfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase</cntorg>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing address</addrtype>
          <address>Denver Federal Center</address>
          <address>Building 810</address>
          <address>Mail Stop 302</address>
          <city>Denver</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80225</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1-888-275-8747</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>sciencebase@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <distliab>Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty.</distliab>
    <stdorder>
      <digform>
        <digtinfo>
          <formname>Digital Data</formname>
        </digtinfo>
        <digtopt>
          <onlinopt>
            <computer>
              <networka>
                <networkr>https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GTMAX</networkr>
              </networka>
            </computer>
          </onlinopt>
        </digtopt>
      </digform>
      <fees>None</fees>
    </stdorder>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20251119</metd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Jonathan M King</cntper>
          <cntorg>USGS - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntpos>Research Physical Scientist</cntpos>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing and physical</addrtype>
          <address>Colorado School of Mines, 1711 Illinois St</address>
          <city>Golden</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80401</postal>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>3032738500</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>jking@usgs.gov</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-001-1998</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
