Conrad, J.L. Wildermuth, L.M. 20260318 tabular digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P13COJJR Time-domain electromagnetic (also known as transient electromagnetic, or TEM) data were collected to characterize the hydrogeology and groundwater depth surrounding Quitobaquito Spring and near Williams Spring. TEM surveys provide 1D resistivity soundings of the subsurface, which can be related to lithology and hydrogeology. In the TEM method, electrical current is cycled through a transmitter loop (Tx) wire, which in turn produces a primary magnetic field. When the current is abruptly terminated, a secondary magnetic field is induced in the earth, and it moves downward and outward as the induced current decays with time. The decay is controlled by the resistivity of the earth. A receiver (Rx) at the center of the Tx loop measures the secondary magnetic field as a function of time (dB/dt). Decaying voltage measurements at the receiver are converted to apparent resistivity, which can be inverted to recover the depth-dependent vertical resistivity structure of the earth below the receiver location. Because the 1D soundings were collected along straight transect for each line, the data can also be treated as 2D, and inverted together to create a 2D psueodosection of resistivity of the subsurface below the transect line. TEM data were collected along two lines, near Williams Spring. The lines, named WS E-W and WS N-S, refer to Williams Spring East-West transect and Williams Spring North-South transect, respectively. A total of 31 EM soundings were collected. This data release includes the GPS coordinates of each sounding, the raw data and inverted resistivity models. TEM surveys were conducted to image groundwater depth and potential fractures near Williams Spring, northwest of Quitobaquito Spring, in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. GDP 32II User manual (Zonge International, Inc)- http://www.zonge.com/legacy/PDF_RxManual/19NanoTEM.pdf and http://www.zonge.com/legacy/PDF_RxManual/12Tem.pdf. STEMINV software (Zonge International, Inc).- https://zonge.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/steminv.pdf More info on smooth-model inversion used by the processing software: Constable, S.C., Parker, R.L., and Constable, C.G., 1987, Occam's inversion: a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from EM sounding data: Geophysics, v52, p289-300. 20230427 ground condition Complete None planned -113.024800 -113.023100 31.959700 31.955800 USGS Thesaurus geophysics electrical resistivity tomography time domain electromagnetic transient electromagnetic hydrology Arizona Water Science Center USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68b7179cd4be022efaf1cca9 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Williams Spring Quitobaquito Spring Arizona Pima County None. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Jacob L. Conrad U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

6150 W Thunderbird Rd

Glendale AZ 85027 US 623-773-6291 jlconrad@usgs.gov Values in the dataset are believed accurate. Standard inversion checks were carried out during processing. Basic statistical checks were conducted during data inversion. The dataset includes all electromagnetic data collected as part of the study. Cross-section locations were identified using hand-held GPS. Horizontal accuracy is approximately 3 m. Cross-section locations were identified using hand-held GPS. Vertical accuracy is approximately 5 m. Raw TEM was collected using a Zonge GDP32-II geophysical data receiver with a Zonge NT-20 nanoTem transmitter. Transmitter loops were 20 X20 meter squares and the receiver loop was a 5X5 meter square centered in the transmitter loop. 2 deep-cycle 12-volt batteries were used to power the transmitter. Multiple measurements were collected then stacked to reduce total noise and measurement error. Line WS-E-W contained 21 sounding measurements which totaled 400 meters line length. Line WS N-S contained 10 soundings which totaled 180 meters line length. Handheld GPS data was collected over the center of each transmitter location, which coincides with the center of the reciever loop. Raw data (.raw) was downloaded from the GDP receiver at the end of the day. GPS data was downloaded from the handheld unit. 20230415 The TEM data was first averaged using Zonges DATPRO suite of software. TEMAVGW, version 1.20c, was used to average the stacks of data from each sounding. Data with high noise was removed before continuing. 2024 The averaged TEM data was then inverted using Zonge's STEMINV software, version 3.20f. This inversion was a smooth-model inversion of each 1D TEM sounding stitched together into a 2D profile. Profiles were adjusted for errors and inverison parameters were adjusted as appropriate. More info on smooth-model inversion can be found at: Constable, S.C., Parker, R.L., and Constable, C.G., 1987, Occam's inversion: a practical algorithm for generating smooth models from EM sounding data: Geophysics, v52, p289-300. 20250625 Vector Point 31 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal seconds WGS_1984 WGS 84 6378137.0 298.257223563 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 1 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates ORPI_TEM_GPS.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Line TEM line name Producer Defined WS E-W Williams Spring East-West line Producer defined WS N-S Williams Spring North-South line Producer defined Station Station/sounding number Producer Defined 0 400 meters Latitude Latitude Producer Defined 31.955767 31.959748 degrees 0.01 Longitude Longitude Producer Defined -113.024804 -113.023142 degrees 0.02 Elevation (m) Elevation Producer Defined 325.363129 334.73999 Meters 0.1 ORPI_TEM_raw.raw Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Program Name and Version Program name and Version, from the GDP32 Producer Defined NANO0863 NantoTEM, version 0863 Producer defined Date Date, in MM/DD/YYYY format Producer Defined 4/27/2023 4/27/2023 MM/DD/YYYY Time Time of Measurement, in HH:MM:SS Producer Defined 9:20:03 14:50:12 Input Voltage Input battery Voltage, in volts (v) Producer Defined 12.8v 12.8 volts Producer defined Array Type Array type Producer Defined INL In-Line Producer defined Humidity Humidity (%) Producer Defined 34.20 38.40 Percent Temperature Temperature Producer Defined 31.1 48.9 Celcius (C) Tx Transmitter identifier number Producer Defined 1 1 Rx Receiver identifier number Producer Defined 1 1 Movement Direction Cardinal direction of array movement Producer Defined N North Producer defined E East Producer defined S South Producer defined W West Producer defined Attenuator Locked Binary choice of if the attenuater is locked OUT, or is in use, IN. Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined OUT Attenuater locked Producer defined Frequency Transmitter frequency Producer Defined 64 64 Herts (Hz) Cycles Tansmitter Cycles Producer Defined 512 512 Tx Curr Transmitter current Producer Defined 1 1 Amps (A) Sampling Decay Sampling Decay Producer Defined 6.023u in seconds. u is microseconds, m is milliseconds Producer defined Antialias Delay Antialias delay Producer Defined 1.205u in seconds. u is microseconds, m is milliseconds Producer defined Input Channel Input channel used on receiver Producer Defined 6 6 Sounding Number Station/sounding number. Incremented based on array spacing Producer Defined 0 400 meters Wn Window center times. u=microseconds, m=milliseconds Producer Defined 0.000000523 0.00191 seconds Mag 6 Transient decay of electromagnetic field, of channel 6. u=microV/A, m=milliV/A Producer Defined 0.0000004133 0.09574 Volts per Amp Rho 6 Apparent Resistivity, of channel 6 Producer Defined 3.9359 519.7 Ohm*meters ORPI_TEM_INVRes.m1d Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Station Station/sounding name Producer Defined 0.0 400.0 meters GridEast Defined east value Producer Defined 0.0 400.0 meters GridNorth Defined north value Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters Zinv Layer midpoint depths relative to the surface. Surface is 0 Producer Defined -2382.69 0.0 meters ResInv Inverted Layer resistivity Producer Defined 0.0009119 162800.0 Ohm*meters Res0 Starting model layer resistivity Producer Defined 10.3 162800.0 Ohm*meters Rerr0 Starting model layer resistivity error Producer Defined 500.0 500.0 Percent dzW Relative weight of vertical smoothness Producer Defined relative weight of smoothness. Value either 1.0 or 2.0. Higher value is increased weight of smoothness Rerr Linear estimate of inverted model layer resistivity error Producer Defined 0.0 80.21 Percent Rsns Normalized layer resistivity sensitivity Producer Defined 0.0 100.0 Percent The files included contain the GPS file csv, raw TEM data and inverted TEM data: 'ORPI_WS_TEM_GPS.csv' includes latitude, longitude and elevation data for the centers of each transmitter loop. The receiver is centered int he transmitter, so the receiver center is also the transmitter center. Each loop is a 20X20 meter square. 'ORPI_WS_TEM_*line*_raw.raw' includes the raw transient electromagnetic (TEM) data output from the GDP32 receiver, where *line* refers to either the east-west transect (E-W) or the north-south transect(N-S). Raw files (with .raw extension) are a fixed-form block style. Blank lines separate blocks and there are two block types, overview header and data. Data blocks are described in the detailed Entity and Attribute. Data blocks also have a descriptive header: NANO0863. Program name and version. 2023-04-27. Date. 08:53:40. Time. 12.9v. Input Power Voltage INL. In-Loop array type 50%. Duty Cycle OPER. Operator name JOB. Job name RxM. Reciever moment TxX. Dimensions of the x side of the transmitter loop, in meters TxY. Dimensions of the y side of the transmitter loop, in meters #T. Number of turns in transmitter loop Tx Delay. Turnoff time of the transmitter, in microseconds Antenna Delay. Inherent delay of the receiver coil and filters, in microseconds. Robust Filter. Secondary filter Alias. IN 'ORPI_WS_TEM_invres.m1d' includes the inverted transient electromagnetic (TEM) inversion results. The m1d file format is a comma-separated format created by the DATPRO software. The entity and attribute information was generated by the originator of the data set. Please review the rest of the metadata record for additional details and information. The raw data are in the format output by the GDP-32II (Zonge International, Inc). A description of the data format is in 'NanoTEM Sample Data' (http://www.zonge.com/legacy/PDF_RxManual/19NanoTEM.pdf) and "Sample Data Blocks' (http://www.zonge.com/legacy/PDF_RxManual/12Tem.pdf). Inverted Resistivity results are in the format output from the STEMINV software (Zonge International, Inc). A description of the data format is in the 'STEMIV File Documentation' section fo https://zonge.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/steminv.pdf U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13COJJR none 20260318 Jacob L. Conrad U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

6150 W Thunderbird Rd

Glendale AZ 85027 US 623-773-6291 jlconrad@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998