Conrad, J.L. Wildermuth, L.M. 20260318 Text files https://doi.org/10.5066/P13COJJR Direct-Current resistivity data were collected to characterize the hydrogeology and groundwater depth surrounding Quitobaquito Spring. Resistivity data are sensitive to water-content in the geologic unit in the subsurface. DC resistivity data were collected at six transects. One transect passes just south of the spring pool and runs east-west. One transect is located just southeast of the spring and runs east-west through a sandy wash that experience surface flow during high precipitation in the area. One transect cross potential faults as it runs southwest-northeast and is located northwest of the spring. One transect crosses directly over the spring discharge site and runs roughly north-south. One transect travels from the spring to the northeast rising along the elevation of the nearby hill. The final transect runs north-south through the sandy wash located east of the spring. This data includes the raw data and inverted resistivity models. Direct-Current resistivity surveys to image groundwater depth and potential fractures near Quitobaquito Spring in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument. Method: Dipole-Dipole Strong Gradient Direct Current Resistivity; Manufacturer: Advanced Geosciences Inc.; Power Source: 1000 Watt Inverter Generator; Transmitter: SuperSting R8 Earth resistivity meter and Swift switching box with smart electrodes; Receiver: SuperSting R8 Earth resistivity meter and Swift switching box with smart electrodes; Receiver Calibration: Internal calibration each day before surveys. 20230425 20241028 ground condition Complete Not planned -113.027200 -113.009000 31.946000 31.938400 USGS Thesaurus Hydrology Geophysics Direct Current Resistivity Resistivity Hydrogeology Groundwater Arizona Water Science Center USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68b71744d4be022efaf1cc9d Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Quitobaquito Spring Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument Arizona Sonoran Desert Pima County None. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Jacob L. Conrad USGS mailing and physical

6150 W Thunderbird Rd

Glendale AZ 85306 USA 623-773-6291 jlconrad@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted Line numbers for ERT profiles were assigned in order of data collection. Field and processes procedures are documented in the Process Steps. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Positions were determined using handheld GPS. Estimated accuracy is about 1 m. Positions were determined using handheld GPS. Estimated accuracy is about 1 m. 6 electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) profiles were collected in April 2023 and October 2024 using an 8-channel SuperSting R8 resistivity/induced polarization meter (Advanced Geosciences, Inc., Austin, Tex., U.S.A.) with 56 electrodes per measurement. 18-inch stainless steel stakes, with approximately 0.5-inch diameters, were buried to a depth of approximately 12 inches. Stakes were positioned every 5 meters along every transect. Passive electrode cables were connected to the metal stakes. The SuperSting was also connected to an AGI Switchbox 56 and power supplies inverters to convert the 1000-watt generator's AC power to DC output. 20250201 The resistivity meter used a command file to acquire measurements from predetermined current electrode and potential electrode configurations. A dipole-dipole strong gradient array was used, as defined by Advanced Geosciences Inc in order to best combine efficiency and complete data coverage and higher signal levels. Measurements were made with the number of cycles set to 2 in order to determine measurement error. The resistivity meter was capable of injecting a maximum of 2,000 milliamperes (mA) of current into the ground. 20250201 Raw data (*_raw.stg files) were exported from the AGI, Inc. controller. Raw data was imported to the AGI EarthImager 2D ver 2.4.4 software (Advanced Geosciences, Inc., Austin Texas, USA) for preprocessing and inversion. Smooth inversions were completed on the data with the goal of minimizing the data misfit to best fit the interpreted model. The target root mean squared (RMS) error was under 10%. Data points with high data misfit were removed before all data was inverted again. The final processed data, after erroneous data was removed, is in the *_proc.stg files. 20250201 After inversion, the final inverted resistivity modeled images were output from the EarthImager software (version 2.4.0) and the modeled data was output as .xyz format for ease of data viewing. 20250201 Vector Point 672 0.00001 0.00001 Decimal seconds WGS_1984 WGS 84 6378137.0 298.257223563 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 1 meters Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates ORPI_QB[N]_raw.stg The raw array resistivity ASCII data acquired with an AGI SuperSting R8 resistivity/IP meter. In the file name,[N] is the line identifier (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Producer Defined Recnum Consecutive data record number Producer Defined 1 8101 User USER note field Producer Defined USER note field Date Data Acquisition Date Producer Defined 20230425 20241028 YYYYMDD Time Data Acquisition Tie Producer Defined 10:49:37 17:45:52 HH:MM:SS V_I Calculated resistance; injected current (I)/Measured voltage (V) Producer Defined -6.74 2.12 Ohm Error Calculated error between specified number of measurement cycles of same electrode geometry (Cyk) Producer Defined 0 483 Tenths of % Current Injected Current Producer Defined 4 1570 milliAmps (mA) AppRes Calculated Apparent Resistivity Producer Defined -1717.28 2722.73 Ohm*m CmdFile Instrument command file name Producer Defined Instrument command file name Ax Relative x-coordinate for A-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 975.0 meters (m) Ay Relative y-coordinate for A-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Az Relative z-coordinate for A-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Bx Relative x-coordinate for B-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 5.0 975.0 meters (m) By Relative y-coordinate for B-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Bz Relative z-coordinate for B-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Mx Relative x-coordinate for M-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 10.0 970.0 meters (m) My Relative y-coordinate for M-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Mz Relative z-coordinate for M-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Nx Relative x-coordinate for N-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 15.0 975.0 meters (m) Ny Relative y-coordinate for N-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Nz Relative z-coordinate for N-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 meters (m) Cmd Command file execution line number Producer Defined Command file execution line number HV Instrument transmitter voltage Producer Defined Instrument transmitter voltage, in volts (v) Cyk Number of measurement cycles of same electrode geometry Producer Defined Number of measurement cycles of same electrode geometry MTime Measurement time duration Producer Defined Measurement time duration. In milliseconds (ms) Gain Receiver gain Producer Defined Receiver gain Ch Instrument receiver channel (1 through 8) Producer Defined Instrument receiver channel (1 through 8) ORPI_QB[N]_proc.stg The processed and merged array resistivity ASCII data acquired with an AGI SuperSting R8 resistivity/IP meter. In the file name,[N] is the line identifier (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Producer Defined Recnum Consecutive data record number Producer Defined 1 4896 User USER note field Producer Defined USER note field Date Data acquisition date Producer Defined 20230425 20231028 YYYYMMDD Time Data acquisition time Producer Defined 10:46:30 15:18:17 HH:MM:SS V_I Calculated resistance; injected current (I)/Measured voltage (V) Producer Defined -5.00392 1.64056 Ohm Error Calculated error between specified number of measurement cycles of same electrode geometry (Cyk) Producer Defined 0 17 Tenths of % Current Injected current Producer Defined 44 1570 milliAmps (mA) AppRes Calculated apparent resistivity Producer Defined 8.88 1412.17 Ohm-meter (ohm-m) CmdFile Instrument command file name Producer Defined Instrument command file name Ax Relative x-coordinate for A-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 695.0 Meters (m) Ay Relative y-coordinate for A-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Az Relative z-coordinate for A-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Bx Relative x-coordinate for B-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 5.0 695.0 Meters (m) By Relative y-coordinate for B-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Bz Relative z-coordinate for B-electrode (transmitter/current electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Mx Relative x-coordinate for M-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 20.0 690.0 Meters (m) My Relative y-coordinate for M-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Mz Relative z-coordinate for M-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Nx Relative x-coordinate for N-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 15.0 695.0 Meters (m) Ny Relative y-coordinate for N-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) Nz Relative z-coordinate for N-electrode (receiver/potential electrode) Producer Defined 0.0 0.0 Meters (m) ORPI_ERT_GPS.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Line Name Name of ERT line Producer Defined QB-Quitobaquito #- incremental number of line name Electrode Spacing (m) Electrode spacing, in x direction Producer Defined 0 975 meters Latitude Latitude Producer Defined 31.93836101 31.946026 decimal degrees 0.019 Longitude Longitude Producer Defined -113.027245 -113.009041 decimal degrees 0.023 Elevation (m) Elevation, in meters above sea level (masl) Producer Defined 306.340973 335.996918 meters 1 ORPI_QB[N]_InvRES.xyz The inverted resistivity model in ASCII data format, .xyz file. In the file name, [N] is the line identifier (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). Producer Defined X Horizontal Position Producer Defined 0.0 695.0 meters Z Elevation Position, in meters above sea level (masl) Producer Defined 268.1096 335.9969 meters Inverted Resistivity Modeled inverted resistivity Producer Defined 6.32 1460.0 Ohm*meters ORPI_ERT_GPS.csv- A CSV format data file conatining the latitude, longitude, and elevation information for each electrode of the six ERT lines. ORPI_QB[N]_raw.stg- An ASCII format data file describing the entity and attributes for the raw resistivity data developed from the AGI EarthImager 2D .stg file format for data acquired with an AGI SuperSting R8 resistivity/IP meter. ORPI_QB[N]_proc.stg- An ASCII format data file describing the entity and attributes for the processed resistivity data developed from the AGI EarthImager 2D .stg file format for data acquired with an AGI SuperSting R8 resistivity/IP meter. ORPI_QB[N]_InvRES.xyz- An ASCII format data file describing the entity and attributes for the inverted resistivity models used in the publication, developed from the AGI EarthImager 2D .xyz output file format once the data was inverted. Conrad, J.L., Wildermuth, L.M., 2026, Geophysical Data Collected near Quitobaquito Spring in Organ Pipe Cactus National Monument, 2023 and 2024, U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13COJJR. U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Text files https://doi.org/10.5066/P13COJJR None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the data set. 20260318 Jacob L. Conrad USGS Hydrologist mailing and physical

6150 W. Thunderbird Rd

Glendale AZ 85306 USA 623-773-6291 jlconrad@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998