Jason Bellino John Mecikalski 20250924 Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Bellino, Jason C. and Mecikalski, J.R., 2025, Daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, supporting meteorological data from weather stations, solar insolation data from the GOES satellite, and blue-sky albedo data from the MODIS satellite, Florida, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QV9RHD. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1QV9RHD Jason Bellino John Mecikalski W. Barclay Shoemaker 2024 ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P9SF5Z7L Potential evapotranspiration (PET) and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) are estimated at an approximately 2-kilometer (approximately 0.019 degrees longitude and 0.018 degrees latitude) spatial grid and daily time-step from January 1, 2024 to December 31, 2024 for the entire State of Florida. PET and ETo were computed from solar radiation, meteorological data (min/max temperature, min/max relative humidity, and mean wind speed at 2-meter height), and shortwave blue-sky albedo data. Solar radiation was computed from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensor data; blue-sky albedo was computed from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) MCD43A1 BRDF/Albedo data product; and meteorological data were obtained from weather stations maintained by the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN), the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and the Gerogia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network (GaAEMN). Open-source tools for managing the NetCDF files in this data release can be found at https://code.usgs.gov/cfwsc/goes-et. In Florida, potential and reference evapotranspiration are required for many community planning activities such as water-use permitting and regulation, estimating agricultural-irrigation demands, scientific evaluations of ecosystem resiliency, and modeling surface water and groundwater systems to evaluate the sustainability of water supplies. 20240101 20241231 ground condition In Work Annually -88.4417 -79.3977 31.5419 24.2485 USGS Thesaurus evaporation transpiration water cycle water budget atmospheric and climatic processes none solar radiation USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68a5ca24d4be027b0a1923f9 Common geographic areas Georgia Alabama Florida Mississippi Southern Florida Peace-Tampa Bay Suwannee Altamaha - St. Marys St. Johns Pascagoula Apalachicola Ogeechee-Savannah Choctawhatchee - Escambia Ochlockonee Mobile - Tombigbee none South Florida Water Management District Southwest Florida Water Management District St. Johns River Water Management District North Florida Water Management District Suwannee River Water Management District No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Aside from reference and potential evapotranspiration, other variables were not bias-corrected and are no longer internally consistent with computed evapotranspiration. Solar insolation data come from the GOES satellite and represent the best-available, spatially-continuous dataset; however, meteorological data are interpolated from sparsely-distributed weather stations and are not internally consistent with solar insolation. Jason Bellino U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Hydrologist mailing and physical

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Tampa FL 33617 USA 813-224-5078 jbellino@usgs.gov browse_stns.png Mean 2024 PET and ETo png South Florida Water Management District, Southwest Florida Water Management District, St. Johns River Water Management District, North Florida Water Management District, Suwannee River Water Management District John Mecikalski W. Barclay Shoemaker Qinglong Wu Michael A. Holmes Simon J. Paech David M. Sumner 2018 Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering v. 144, no. 9, pp. 17 Reston, Va American Society of Civil Engineers https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IR.1943-4774.0001312 Schaaf, Crystal B. Wang, Zhuosen 2021 Boston, Ma. NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC https://doi.org/10.5067/MODIS/MCD43A1.061 Virtanen, P. Gommers, R. Oliphant, T.E. Haberland, M. Reddy, T. Cournapeau, D. Burovski, E. Peterson, P. Weckesser, W. Bright, J. van der Walt, S.J. Brett, M. Wilson, J. Millman, K.J. Mayorov, N. Nelson, A.R.J. Jones, E. Kern, R. Larson, E. Carey, C.J. Polat, I. Feng, Y. Moore, E.W. VanderPlas, J. Laxalde, D. Perktold, J. Cimrman, R. Henriksen, I. Quintero, E.A. Harris, C.R. Archibald, A.M. Riberio, A.H. Pedregosa, F. van Mulbregt, P. 2020 Nature Methods no. 7, p. 261-272 London, England Nature Portfolio https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-019-0686-2 University of Georgia 2025 Athens, Ga College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia http://weather.uga.edu/ University of Florida 2025 Gainesville, Fl Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida https://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu/ South Florida Water Management District 2025 West Palm Beach, Fl South Florida Water Management District https://www.sfwmd.gov/science-data/dbhydro Meteorological weather station data were downloaded from online sources as described in the source information under lineage below. The data were filtered for erroneous values (for example, maximum or minimum values which exceed local trends or data exhibiting trends indicative of equipment failure or malfunction). No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details, such as use of MODIS albedos, and radial basis interpolation. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed data from the Florida Automated Weather Network (FAWN), the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), and the Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network (GaAEMN) were interpolated to a 2-km grid spacing to match the GOES solar and MODIS blue-sky albedo datasets. Interpolation was done using an inverse-distance weighting scheme in which unknown values are computed from the weighted-average of neighboring observed values; known values closer to the unknown points are assigned greater weight than those farther away. The code used came from https://stackoverflow.com/a/3119544/698809 (v.1.15.1, last accessed Sep. 10, 2025) and uses the SciPy KDTree class (Virtanen and others, 2020) for the Python scripting language to find nearest neighbors. Parameter defaults were used to generate the interpolation surface. 20250811 Python script was run to compute PET and ETo using the Priestley-Taylor equation and the FAO Penman-Monteith method, respectively (Mecikalski and others, 2018). 20250811 Raster Lambert Conformal Conic 50.0 50.0 -107.0 50.0 5632642.22547 4612545.65137 coordinate pair 1773.41188 1940.59409 meters D_WGS_1984 WGS84 6378137.0 298.257223563 fl.et.stns.2024.v.1.0.nc This NetCDF file contains daily reference and potential evapotranspiration, and supporting meteorological data from weather stations, solar insolation data from the GOES satellite, and blue-sky albedo data from the MODIS satellite for the state of Florida, 2024. Producer Defined lat Latitude Producer defined 24.2485 31.5419 degrees lon Longitude Producer defined -88.4417 -79.3977 degrees time Time, in days, since 1985-1-1 00:00:00 Producer defined -- -- days since 1985-1-1 00:00:00 date ASCII date string: 4-digit year, 2-digit month, 2-digit day (YYYY-MM-DD) Producer defined 2024-01-01 2024-12-31 None x Lambert easting Producer defined 7461155.5 8630316.0 meters y Lambert northing Producer defined 1919295.9 3030761.5 meters ETo Reference evapotranspiration Producer defined 0.26 7.40 millimeters per day PET Potential evapotranspiration Producer defined -0.10 9.39 millimeters per day Solar Incoming solar radiation Producer defined 0.32 31.08 megajoules per square meter per day Albedo Shortwave blue-sky albedo Producer defined 0.000 0.686 unitless Tmin Daily minimum air temperature Producer defined -7.60 30.12 degrees Celsius Tmax Daily maximum air temperature Producer defined 5.38 39.76 degrees Celsius RHmin Daily minimum relative humidity Producer defined 12.44 98.59 percent RHmax Daily maximum relative humidity Producer defined 53.41 99.95 percent ws2m Daily mean wind speed at 2m height Producer defined 0.28 9.33 meters per second SolarCode GOES solar data quality code Producer defined 1 Good quality Producer defined 2 Usable data Producer defined 3 Uncertain or unverifiable quality Producer defined 4 Unusable or missing Producer defined -9999 No data Producer defined WMD Integer code denoting water management district Producer defined 1 Northwest Florida Water Management District Producer defined 2 Suwannee River Water Management District Producer defined 3 St. Johns River Water Management District Producer defined 4 Southwest Florida Water Management District Producer defined 5 South Florida Water Management District Producer defined -9999 No data Producer defined FIPS Integer code denoting FIPS state and county Producer defined Federal Information Processing Standards county codes www2.census.gov/geo/docs/reference/codes2020/cou/st12_fl_cou2020.txt Jason Bellino U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Hydrologist mailing and physical

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Tampa FL 33617 USA 813-224-5078 jbellino@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. netCDF 4 NetCDF file contains reference and potential evapotranspiration and meteorological data. 516.34 https://prod-is-usgs-sb-prod-content.s3.amazonaws.com/68a5ca24d4be027b0a1923f9/fl.et.stns.2024.v.1.0.nc?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAI7K4IX6D4QLARINA&Expires=1758658884&Signature=DNc%2BiUbrOBwRgfnpsgpB8%2B%2B0%2BbE%3D Digital download none 20250924 Jason Bellino U.S. Geological Survey, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center Hydrologist mailing and physical

10770 N 46th St, Suite E700

Tampa FL 33617 USA 813-224-5078 jbellino@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998