Noel B. Pavlovic A. Kathryn McEachern 20250919 spreadsheet USGS ScienceBase USGS https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KOGHK This data release contains three datasets for the Pitcher's thistle (Cirsium pitcheri) reintroduction experiment, started in 1994, at the Portage Lakefront unit (formerly called Ogden Dunes), Indiana Dunes National Park, Porter County, Indiana. This plant species is a Federally threatened monocarpic perennial plant endemic to the sand dunes of the western Great Lakes. There are three csv files included in this data release. One file contains count data for plants from 1994 to 2000 from early-, mid-, and late-successional habitats. The other two files, with identical structure, contain demography data for two populations (Mid- and late-successional habitats) from 2001 through 2023. These data sets provide the spatial distribution of plants in the population and the life stages encountered from 2001, when we began tracking individual tagged plants, through 2023. This was an experimental planting testing seeding methods (broadcast vs. planting) across three successional habitats spanning the range of sites occupied by C. pitcheri in Indiana, USA. Seeds were collected from three extant C. pitcheri populations to introduce genetic variability into the planted population, and to test effectiveness of a mixed-provenance approach.The population has persisted for 30 years, providing information useful for C. pitcheri introductions and augmentations throughout the range of this species. This dataset is part of a larger collection of Cirsium pitcheri demography data collected by the same methods 1988-2024 at three native and one additional planted population within the Indiana Dunes National Park. This dataset provides count data for plants in plots planted in 1994 and tallied 1995-2000, within the Indiana Dunes National Park. Demographic data were collected in the same planted sites 2001-2023, using more detailed demographic methods. 19940501 20240608 observed Planned Annually Indiana Dunes National Park, Indiana, USA, south shore of Lake Michigan -87.182811 -87.178144 41.630392 41.627970 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None coastal sand dunes USGS Thesaurus reintroduction (organisms) native species population dynamics field experiment USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:688794dfd4be024722b4a812 Common geographic areas Indiana Great Lakes Indiana Dunes National Park Integrated Taxonomic Information System Cirsium pitcheri Kingdom Plantae Subkingdom Viridiplantae Infrakingdom Streptophyta Superdivision Embryophyta Division Tracheophyta Subdivision Spermatophytina Class Magnoliopsida Superorder Asteranae Order Asterales Family Asteraceae Genus Cirsium Species Cirsium pitcheri TSN: 36400 No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Noel B Pavlovic USGS - MIDCONTINENT REGION ECOLOGIST mailing and physical

Lake Michigan Ecological Research Sta.,GLSC - LMER Station

Chesterton IN 46304 219-926-8336 npavlovic@usgs.gov This work was funded by the National Park Service (NPS), U.S. Geological Survey, EPA Great Lakes Restoration Initiative and the National Science Foundation. Numerous NPS staff assisted with the data collection, with particular thanks to Julie Stumpf, former NPS Midwest Region Inventory and Monitoring Coordinator, who collaborated for many years on field data collection and data management. Field data were entered annually into MS Access, latest version Access 2024 (26,240 KB), and exported to MS Excel (417 KB) for distribution as .csv file (168KB). The data are direct measurements made in the field by project leads and technicians. All field staff are cross-trained with an experienced and knowledgeable project lead in measurement techniques and data recording protocols. Field staff work side-by-side with the lead with both individuals taking the same measurements and then comparing for similarity, accuracy and consistency. Field data sheets are inspected at the conclusion of the work day and any irregularities are flagged, discussed and re-measured if necessary. From 1995 to 2000, plants were tallied by block (replicate) and split plot (sowing treatment). From 2001-2023, to ensure that the same individuals were re-located each year, plants were tagged in the field by inserting a small aluminum tag on the north side of the plant. The combination of the tag and the distance and azimuth to the plant from a central conduit facilitates re-location without great ground disturbance; data sheets with locations and field notes from the previous 1-2 years were referenced in the field as needed for relocation as well. The field data were entered into a Microsoft Access database annually; each year the new information was appended to the existing data so that all demographic data were contained within one database for the population. The data were proofread by comparing the database with the field data sheets to ensure all plants were recorded in their entirety. The data are checked within Microsoft Access for logical consistency among years in location, stage and size; any anomalies found are double-checked with the field data sheets and corrections made if possible. The data are exported to Microsoft Excel, blank fields are assigned a value of “null” and the data are saved in a comma delimited .csv file format. The plant count dataset, 1994-2000, contains tallies of counts of plants by stage and three habitat sites. The 2001-2023 datasets are part of a larger demographic data set that is not included in this data release. It includes individual plant measurements of root crown diameter, numbers of leaves, numbers of inflorescences, and notes on plant condition, in addition to the distance, azimuth and life stage reported here. These demographic variables were all measured at the Ogden Dunes East and West populations. The three populations are called Portage Lakefront early-successional, Portage Lakefront East (formerly Odgen Dunes East or mid-successional habitat plot or marram grass (Ammophila breviligulata) plot) and Portage Lakefront West (formerly Ogden Dunes West or late-successional habitat plot or little-bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) plot). The populations were planted using seeds in 1994, plants were located annually thereafter. In mid-June of each year 1995-2000, each plot was visited and numbers of Cirsium pitcheri plants were tallied, by plot and subplot, in the life stages of seedling, juvenile and adult plants. In 2001 a central conduit was installed in the center of the planted area at the mid-successional and late successional plots and all Cirsium pitcheri individuals were located. These locations were recorded by distance and azimuth from the central conduit, and data were recorded on plant life stage, root crown diameter, number of leaves and rosettes, and number inflorescences. A third population was started in 1994 in an early successional plot in a bare sand blowout. While the seeds germinated in 1995, they were buried by sand in 1996, and no plants appeared thereafter. All count data from 1995-2000 are included in this dataset. Laying out plot and locating plants in mid- and late-successional plot: In June of 2001, the first year of detailed demography data collection, an aluminum conduit post was installed in the center of the population distribution. Thereafter, the location of every individual Cirsium pitcheri plant in the population is recorded by measuring the distance to the nearest 0.01 centimeter along the ground with a fiberglass tape anchored at the foot of conduit with a forestry chaining pin, and by recording the compass direction (azimuth) along the tape to the plant to the nearest 0.05 compass degree. Suunto sighting compasses are used, with accuracy verified in 2001 by duplicating the reading using an engineers rod and transit. Locating plants begins by laying one fiberglass tape along the ground traveling north from the conduit to the farthest edge of the population. Using a second tape measure begin walking towards the edge of the plot at an angle to the east of north. The angle should be at minimum 5 degrees, or up to approximately 20 degrees, width depending on plant density so that the probability of finding all the seedlings is greatest. The angle should be small enough to ensure complete discovery of all seedlings and older plants in the wedge. Walking the wedge very carefully (seedlings are very small and can easily be overlooked) flag individual plants. If there is a cluster of seedlings in close proximity to each other, a single flag will suffice. Once all plants are flagged, begin collecting data on plant individuals within the wedge starting from the plot center outwards. Before data collection, plants are tagged with an aluminum tag bearing a unique number pushed into the sand surface 1-2 centimeters to the north of the plant. When there are small clusters of seedlings, they are often given one tag and labeled A, B, C, and so on, on the data sheet from left to right. This tag will stay with the plant as its unique identifier throughout its life. Continue taking data on plants to the edge of the population. Data collected on individuals varies depending on plant life stage; see life stage section below. Once finished with a plant, remove the flag and lay it flat on the ground next to the plant so you know you have already collected data on it and so you do not trample the plant especially seedlings. After all plants within a wedge have had their flags laid down, move the wedge another 5 to 20 degrees, collect the flags on the ground and repeat the process until the full 360 degree circle has been completed. Methods are also described in Halsey et al. (2015 & 2016). Halsey SJ, Bell TJ, McEachern K, Pavlovic NB. 2015. Comparison of reintroduction and enhancement effects on metapopulation viability. Restoration Ecology, 23: 375-384. (DOI: 10.1111/rec.12191) Halsey SJ, Bell TJ, McEachern K, Pavlovic NB. 2016. Population-specific life histories contribute to metapopulation viability. Ecosphere, 7: 1-13. (DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.1536) 20230620 Noel B Pavlovic USGS - MIDCONTINENT REGION ECOLOGIST mailing and physical

Lake Michigan Ecological Research Sta.,GLSC - LMER Station

Chesterton IN 46304 United States of America 219-926-8336 npavlovic@usgs.gov Record the life stage of each individual in one of three categories: seedling (S), juvenile (J) or adult (A) plant. If a plant is absent record it as dead or dormant (D). Seedlings – Seedlings are plants that germinated in the current monitoring year – they usually have cotyledons, smooth linear leaf edges and a fresh yellowish stem under the cotyledons. Seedlings in wet years will develop slightly jagged toothed leaf edges, but will be distinguished as seedlings by the presence of the two cotyledons and the absence of dead leaves from the previous year. Juveniles – Pre-reproductive juvenile Cirsium pitcheri plants are second-year and beyond plants with rosettes characterized by a circle of leaves, long, jagged toothed leaves and lacking stems with flower buds. Young juveniles may look like seedlings, but will have a circle of small gray dead leaves, below the live leaves, that represent the rosettes leaves of the previous year. Larger juveniles may have multiple stems due to herbivory, trampling or other damage. Depending on the degree of sand burial they many appear as separate juveniles or multiple stems from the same plant. If previous data sheets indicate multiple seedlings at that location, then they may be multiple individuals growing close together. If previous data indicates a single juvenile than the multiple plants are likely stems from the same individual. Careful shallow digging may reveal their attachment to a common root below the soil surface. Adults - When juveniles have acquired enough resources in the tap root, the probability of flowering increases. The bud at the center of the rosette will break dormancy and bolt to produce a flowering stem. Adult Pitcher’s Thistle is characterized by the presence of flower buds at the end of stems. The first flower to bloom is the one at the top of the stem and subsequent flowering descends down the stem from there. The terminal bud is usually the largest and produces the highest percentage of seeds. Adult plants may have multiple stems, they resulted from previous damage to the meristem of the juvenile rosette. Dead or Dormant – Every year a careful search is made for all plants in the population, wedge-by-wedge. Field data sheets from the previous 1-2 years are used to guide the search, ensuring that each plant known from recent years is looked for. If the plant is not found at its location, it is recorded as dead or dormant (D) and a careful search is made for its tag and for any evidence of the plant root that could indicate that the plant is present but dormant. Notes are made on observations resulting from this search. Plants that were recorded as “D” are searched for in the subsequent 1-2 years. Some plants re-appear after an absence – these were apparently dormant at the sample date and therefore not detected even though they were still alive. These plants are coded as “T” in the stage field of the database, indicating that they were dormant at the survey date. Plants that do not reappear within three years are coded as dead (D) in the database in the first year that they were missing. S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant A = flowering "adult" plant D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling 20230620 Data processing The field data are entered into a Microsoft Access database annually; each year the new information is appended to the existing data so that all demographic data are contained within one database for the population. The data are proofread by comparing the database with the field data sheets to ensure all plants are recorded in their entirety. The data are checked within Microsoft Access for logical consistency among years in location, stage and size; any anomalies found are double-checked with the field data sheets and corrections made if possible. The data are exported to Microsoft Excel, blank fields are assigned a value of “null” and the data are saved in a comma delimited .csv file format. 20250703 Noel B Pavlovic USGS - MIDCONTINENT REGION ECOLOGIST mailing and physical

Lake Michigan Ecological Research Sta.,GLSC - LMER Station

21574 N 300 E

Chesterton IN 46304 United States of America 219-926-8336 npavlovic@usgs.gov "ODEast-AMBR_PlantsDistAzimStage_2001-2023.csv" and "ODWest-ANSC_PlantsDistAzimStage_2001-2023.csv" Demography data for East and West populations. Columns are identical in each spreadsheet and they have the same definitions. Producer Defined Plants_ACCESSID A unique identifier number assigned to the record in MS Access Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined 1 2394 TAGNUM Number of the tag assigned to an individual plant numeric, ie not concatenated with the Letter designation Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined 1 222119 Letter_Note Alpha character denoting individual plants occurring in a cluster at the same Distance and Azimuth, marked with one tag on the north side of the cluster. This occurs when there is a tight group of seedlings growing under the mother plant or from a buried seed head. "A" indicates plant in the cluster nearest to the center conduit marker, measured to the nearest 0.5 centimeter, "B" is the next nearest to the conduit, and so on down the alphabet. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined A plant in the cluster nearest to the center conduit, measured to the nearest 0.5 centimeter Producer defined B next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined C next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined D next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined E next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined F next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined G next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined H next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined I next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined J next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined K next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined L next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined M next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined N next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined a plant in the cluster nearest to the center conduit marker, measured to the nearest 0.5 centimeter Producer defined b next nearest plant to the center conduit Producer defined DIST Distance of the plant from the center stake, in meters, to the nearest 0.01 centimeter Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined decimal number AZIMUTH Compass degrees of the plant from the center stake, magnetic north, to the nearest 0.5 degrees where plots are crowded, to the nearest 1.0 degree where plots are sparse. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined 0 360 compass degrees from magnetic north 01STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. For example, “01STAGE” represents life stages for plants in the year 2001. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 02STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first two numbers in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 03STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 04STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 05STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 06STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 07STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined 08STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 09STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 10STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 11STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 12STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 13STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 14STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 15STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 16STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 17STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 18STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 19STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 20STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in thecolumn name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 21STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated namr.by the first 2 numerals in the column Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 22STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined T T = dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined 23STAGE One-letter abbreviation for the life-stage of the plant for the year indicated by the first 2 numerals in the column name. Producer Defined null No data provided Producer defined J J = pre-reproductive "juvenile" plant, small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year. Producer defined A A = flowering "adult" plant Producer defined D D = dead: either seen lying dead, or missing for >2 years Producer defined S S = seedling: plant growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color; root crown is not measured for seedlings to avoid damage to the tender root/shoot Producer defined T dormant: plant missing for 1-2 years that re-appeared in the same spot and obviously not a seedling, plants sometimes reappear smaller than when last seen especially if there has been much sand movement - either accretion or erosion. Producer defined SeedsSeedlingsJuvenilesAdults3Sites1994To2000.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing counts of plants by stage. Producer Defined Habitat The successional of the three reintroduction sites at Portage Lakefront Producer Defined Early-successional- Early: Site dominated by bare sand; Producer defined Mid-successional- Mid: Site vegetation dominated by marram grass (Ammophila breviligulata); Producer defined Late-successional Late-successional: Site vegetation dominated by a mid-successional mix of marram grass, sand reed grass (Calamovilfa longifolia) and little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium). Producer defined Stage Stages for which the plants were tallied in the experimental plots Producer Defined Seedlings Seedlings: plants growing from seed in the current sample year, cotyledons present, or when not stem and root smooth yellowish-white in color Producer defined Juveniles Juveniles: pre-reproductive "juvenile" plants - small or large; when small can be differentiated from seedlings by the brown-grey and sometimes scurfy appearance of the root, and often by the presence of dead leaf bases/leaves from the previous year Producer defined Adults Adults = Reproductive plants producing flowers in the current year. Producer defined Seeds_1994 The number of seeds planted at each site in 1994 Producer Defined null No Data Producer defined 1200 The number of seeds planted at the early- and mid-successional sites Producer defined 1800 Number of seeds planted in 1994 in the late-successional site Producer defined Count_1995 Counts of plants by stage by site in 1995 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 448 Count_1996 Counts of plants by stage by site in 1996 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 346 Count_1997 Counts of plants by stage by site in 1997 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 126 Count_1998 Counts of plants by stage by site in 1998 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 114 Count_1999 Counts of plants by stage by site in 1999 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 99 Count_2000 Counts of plants by stage by site in 2000 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 56 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

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