Vaibhava Srivastava Nicholas J. Van Lanen Rana D. Parshad 20250805 tabular digital data Data included in the file titled "NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv" were obtained from a USDA Forest Service technical report titled "Demographic characteristics of spotted owls in the Oregon Coast Ranges, 1990–2015" https://doi.org/10.5066/P1P33RZS Vaibhava Srivastava Nicholas J. Van Lanen Rana D. Parshad 20250801 publication ESA Headquarters 1990 M Street, NW Suite 700 Washington, DC 20036 phone 202-833-8773 email: esajournals@esa.org Wiley Online Publishing Srivastava, V., N.J. Van Lanen, and R.D. Parshad. 2025. Modeling competition co-occurrence effects between the invasive barred owl and imperiled northern spotted owl. Ecological Applications. This data release provides data from the 2016 Lesmeister et al. technical report and Mathematica and Python analytical code to model co-occurrence effects between barred (Strix varia) and northern spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) owls. This data release, containing sample data set and code, is designed to facilitate reproducibility of analyses associated with the manuscript titled "Modeling competition co-occurrence effects between the invasive barred owl and imperiled northern spotted owl", published in Ecological Applications in 2025. Data included herein were summarized and modified slightly from the Lesmeister et al. 2016 report. These data are appropriate for reproducing analyses associated with modeling competitive co-occurrence effects on barred (Strix varia) and northern spotted (Strix occidentalis caurina) owl populations in western Oregon, 1990 - 2015 summarized in the cited larger work. 19900101 20151231 This data release pertains to barred and northern spotted owl territory occupancy data collected during the 1990 – 2015 breeding seasons in western Oregon (largely April to August) within sites historically supporting northern spotted owls. Complete None planned The Oregon Coastal Range Study Area in western Oregon, USA -124.8267 -121.4648 46.0580 43.5963 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus conceptual modeling mathematical modeling biological population management population and community ecology population dynamics wildlife population management invasive species mathematical simulation birds USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:688139a2d4be0232bdf28c85 Common geographic areas United States Oregon Pacific Northwest None Strix varia Strix occidentalis caurina Kingdom Animalia animals Subkingdom Bilateria triploblasts Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata chordates Subphylum Vertebrata vertebrates Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Aves Birds Order Strigiformes Owls Goatsuckers Family Strigidae Typical Owls Owls Subfamily Striginae Genus Strix Earless Owls Species Strix varia Barred Owl TSN: 177921 Species Strix occidentalis Spotted Owl Subspecies Strix occidentalis caurina Northern Spotted Owl TSN: 177926 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Nicholas J Van Lanen mailing and physical

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Fort Collins Colorado 80526 970-226-9428 nvanlanen@usgs.gov USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station,Corvallis, OR and Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR Analyses were run on a MacBook Pro 2021 featuring the Apple M1 Pro chip, running macOS Ventura version 13.2.1. We used Python version 3.9.5 (64bit), Wolfram Mathematica version 13.1.0.0 (Student Edition), and Matlab version R2021b (internal version 9.11.0) for all analyses. Damon Lesmeister, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station Chris McCafferty, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Kersin Beerweiler, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Sonia Kumar, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Nicolette Lerro, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Brad Mason, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Brian Meiering, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Kristian Skybak, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Alaina Thomas, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University Kirsten Wert, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University 20160115 publication https://www.fs.usda.gov/r6/reo/monitoring/downloads/reports/COA%20nso%20demog%20annual%20report%202015.pdf Data values included in file titled "NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv" were cross-checked against values published in the cross referenced file titled "Demographic characteristics of spotted owls in the Oregon Coast Ranges, 1990 - 2015". Values associated with avian data were inspected to ensure values were within reasonable biological limits and there were no duplicate records. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract and accompanying manuscript. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record and associated manuscript carefully for additional details. No spatial data are included No spatial data are included Vaibhava Srivastava Nicholas J Van Lanen Rana D Parshad 20250801 tabular digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 19900101 20151231 These data represent northern spotted and barred owl territory occupancy data corresponding to 1990 to 2015 breeding seasons NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv These data were modified from Appendix A in Cross Ref 1 and were used to estimate model parameters associated with equations 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6 in the associated larger work. Vaibhava Srivastava 20250107 tabular digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 19900101 20151231 Parameter estimates corresponding to modified Lotka-Volterra model which includes co-occurrence effects published in 2025. Parameter estimates were informed from owl territory occupancy data collected from 1990 - 2015. Python Output The authors used parameter estimates contained within this source input to fit Lotka-Volterra models with co-occurrence effects described in the larger work (eq. 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6). Analytical code contained in the file titled "EA_Code_Bay.py" calls the data set file titled "NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv" to find the best fit parameters for inclusion in step 2, using Eq 2.5 from the Larger Work. Output from this step is saved to the file titled "python_output.pdf". We provide the output below for completeness: a1: Mean = 0.064, Std Dev = 0.042, Std Error = 4.190e-04, 95% Credible Interval = [0.001, 0.151] b1: Mean = 0.085, Std Dev = 0.021, Std Error = 2.061e-04, 95% Credible Interval = [0.047, 0.121] a2: Mean = 0.547, Std Dev = 0.025, Std Error = 2.543e-04, 95% Credible Interval = [0.492, 0.585] b2: Mean = 0.307, Std Dev = 0.027, Std Error = 2.696e-04, 95% Credible Interval = [0.248, 0.345] k: Mean = 4.725, Std Dev = 0.024, Std Error = 2.430e-04, 95% Credible Interval = [4.685, 4.771] Users reproducing this analysis may obtain values which vary slightly from above, given the stochastic nature of MCMC algorithms. NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv 20250107 Python Output Vaibhava Srivastava Iowa State University PhD Candidate mailing

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Ames Iowa 50011 515-708-4353 vaibhava1904@gmail.com Parameter estimates from "Python Output" source were input into equations 2.4, 2.5, and 2.6 from the larger work to estimate northern spotted and barred owl populations in Matlab, using the code contained in file titled "review_cull_analysis.m". This code produces figures 5 from the larger work. Python Output 20250107 Vaibhava Srivastava Iowa State University mailing

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Ames Iowa 50011 515-708-4353 vaibhava1904@gmail.com Finally, code within "Review_CI_Bodine_Fear_Fit.nb" is run in Mathematica. This code calls the data file titled "NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv" and calculated model selection criteria values (AICc, BIC, adjusted R^2 and R^2) presented in Table 2 in the larger work. NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv 20250107 Vaibhava Srivastava Iowa State University mailing

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Ames Iowa 50011 United States of America 515-708-4353 vaibhava1904@gmail.com NSO_BAOW_DATA.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Year The year associated with survey and owl occurrence information Producer Defined 1990 2015 Year Sites_Surveyed The number of northern spotted owl territories visited during the corresponding year. Producer Defined 141 204 NSO_Sites The number of surveyed northern spotted owl territories that were found to be occupied by northern spotted owls as described in CrossRef1. Producer Defined 41 145 BAOW_Sites The number of surveyed northern spotted owl territories that were found to be occupied by barred owls as described in CrossRef1. Producer Defined 3 153 NSO The proportion of surveyed northern spotted owl territories that were found to be occupied by northern spotted owls. This column is derived by dividing the "NSO sites" column by the "Sites Surveyed" column and rounding the resulting value to three decimal places. Producer Defined 0.238 0.879 BAOW The proportion of surveyed northern spotted owl territories that were found to be occupied by barred owls. This column is derived by dividing the "BAOW sites" column by the "Sites Surveyed" column and rounding the resulting value to three decimal places. Producer Defined 0.021 0.89 A data set modified from CrossRef1, Appendix A. These data were used to estimate parameters and evaluate co-occurrence Lotka-Volterra models described in the associated larger work. Vaibhava, S., N.J. Van Lanen, R.D. Parshad. 2025. Survey effort and site occupancy data associated with barred and northern spotted owls in the Oregon Coastal Range, 1990 - 2015. U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P1P33RZS None 20250805 FORT Data Management US Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center FORT Data Management mailing

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Fort Collins CO 80526 United States 970-226-9100 fortdatamanagement@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999