Abigail R. Nalesnik Kendra J. Lynn Johanne Schmith Timothy Rose Julie M. Chang Donald A. Swanson 20250729 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P14EBKIY Abigail R. Nalesnik 20250721 publication Nalesnik, A.R. (2025). A Geochemical and Physical Investigation of the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra from Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i. Doctoral dissertation, Available from Dissertations & Theses at University of Delaware ProQuest, 303 pages. Tephra samples from the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member (400 to 1000 C.E.) of the Uwēkahuna Ash (200 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.) were sampled from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i. Samples were analyzed by dynamic imaging analysis using Microtrac CAMSIZER P4 and X2 instruments for grain shape and Anton nitrogen pycnometer instruments for density in the U.S. Geological Survey - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory tephra lab. Componentry analysis was done by hand through point-counting and identification of >200 individual clasts. Data shown is for number of grains picked in each category. Grain shape parameter means of sphericity, aspect ratio, convexity, transparency, compactness, and Krumbein roundness are reported, as well as for half phi grain size bins starting at 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, and -4 phi. Additional methodology and details are outlined in Nalesnik (2025). This data release includes site and sample metadata, followed by deposit componentry, density, and grain shape. Data can be used to examine tephra deposit characteristics for the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra (400 to 1000 C.E.) of the Uwēkahuna Ash (200 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.). 20250729 publication date Complete None planned -155.4133 -155.2286 19.4355 19.1938 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None physical volcanology Kulanaokuaiki Tephra tephra explosive eruptions USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68543d39d4be027cfbcab156 None Kilauea Island of Hawai‘i Kaluapele None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Kendra J. Lynn U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Research Geologist mailing and physical

1266 Kamehameha Avenue Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 USA 808-936-6085 klynn@usgs.gov University of Delaware, Smithsonian Institution National Museum of Natural History Methodology and details are outlined in Nalesnik (2025). Methodology and details are outlined in Nalesnik (2025). This dataset includes grain shape, density, componentry, and vesicle morphology of Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Units 1, 3, and 5 to evaluate fragmentation mechanisms Methodology and details are outlined in Nalesnik (2025). 2024 Tephra samples from the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member (400 to 1000 C.E.) of the Uwēkahuna Ash (200 B.C.E. to 1000 C.E.) were sampled from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawai‘i. Samples were analyzed by dynamic imaging analysis using Microtrac CAMSIZER P4 and X2 instruments for grain shape and Anton nitrogen pycnometer instruments for density in the U.S. Geological Survey - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory tephra lab. Componentry analysis was done by hand through point-counting and identification of >200 individual clasts. Data shown is for number of grains picked in each category. Grain shape parameter means of sphericity, aspect ratio, convexity, transparency, compactness, and Krumbein roundness are reported, as well as for half phi grain size bins starting at 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, and -4 phi. Additional methodology and details are outlined in Nalesnik (2025). This data release includes site and sample metadata, followed by deposit componentry, density, and grain shape. Nalesnik, A.R., Lynn, K.J., Schmith, J., Chang, J.M., Swanson, D.A. (2025) Deposit componentry and tephra grain shape data by dynamic-imaging analysis of the Kulanaokuaiki Tephra Member of the Uwēkahuna Ash, Kīlauea volcano, HI. U.S. Geological Survey Data Release. doi: 10.5066/P14EBIKY. GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P14EBKIY None 20250801 Kendra J. Lynn U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Research Geologist mailing and physical

1266 Kamehameha Avenue Suite A8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 USA 808-936-6085 klynn@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998