Kendall C. Wnuk Michael E. Wieczorek Leah E. Staub 20250708 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P98IG8LO These tabular data sets represent monthly meteorological metrics processed from North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) for the hindcast (1982-2011) and forecast (2011-2023) periods of record and compiled for the spatial component of select United States Geological Survey stream gage basins (Staub and others, 2023). Flowline reach catchment information characterizes data at the local scale using the python tool set called gdptools (McDonald, 2021). The following monthly meteorological metrics were processed: reference temperature (degree Celsius), and total precipitation (millimeters) for forecast periods of 15, 45, 75, and 105 days (0.5 to 3.5 months). These data sets were created by the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) Regional Drought Early Warning Project (RDEW) of the Drought Science Program within the Water Resources Mission Area's Water Resource Availability Program. This project focuses on the development of a regional model prototype for streamflow drought prediction, applying data-driven methods in conjunction with members of the National Drought Prediction project. These data were processed to estimate the average monthly temperature (Celsius), and precipitation (millimeters) from NMME hindcast and forecast data for flowline catchments from select watersheds of the Conterminous United States Gage locations to support statistical analysis, map display, and model parameterization. The data processed here serves as part of the spatial infrastructure for modeling efforts of the USGS's Data-Driven Drought Prediction Project. 19800101 20201231 ground condition Complete None planned Conterminous United States -129.7712 -63.1667 54.8088 21.0821 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere None Hydrologic Modeling Inlandwaters Geospatial Fabric CONUS Conterminous United States NMME Precipitation Forecast Hindcast Temperature USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6852efe9d4be023cfee77720 None Conterminous United States None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. These data should not be used for site-specific evaluation, surveying, or engineering purposes. They should also not be used beyond the limits of the source data's scale. Use of this data is considered acceptance of the limitations of this data and that the user has read and understood this metadata prior to its use in any form. Michael E Wieczorek U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Geographer mailing address

5522 Research Park Drive

Catonsville MD 21228 US 443-498-5550 443-498-5510 mewieczo@usgs.gov We acknowledge the agencies that support the NMME-Phase II system, and we thank the meteorological modeling groups (Environment Canada, NASA, NCAR, NOAA/GFDL, NOAA/NCEP, and University of Miami) for producing and making available their model output. NOAA/NCEP, NOAA/CTB, and NOAA/CPO jointly provided coordinating support and led development of the NMME-Phase II system. No attribute accuracy was performed. Values were spot checked with the source information to ensure the processed values were within the original data ranges. Datasets are complete as described in abstract. Richard M. McDonald 2021 application/service https://code.usgs.gov/wma/nhgf/toolsteam/gdptools U.S. Geological Survey https://gdptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/ https://code.usgs.gov/wma/nhgf/toolsteam/gdptools Digital and/or Hardcopy 20230301 publication date gdptools The gdptools software produced network summarizations for the meteorological metrics. Leah E. Staub Michael E. Wieczorek Kendall C. Wnuk 20230315 vector digital data Digital and/or Hardcopy 20230315 publication date rdews_gages Source data provided spatial processing units. Mike Johnson 20220101 tabular digital data https://github.com/mikejohnson51/opendap.catalog Digital and/or Hardcopy 2022 publication date OpenDAP Catalog used to access and download atmospheric datasets. Ben P. Kirtman Dughong Min Johnna M. Infanti James L. Kinter III Daniel A. Paolino Qin Zhang Huug van den Dool Suranjana Saha Malaquias Pena Mendez Emily Becker Peitao Peng Patrick Tripp Jin Huang David G. DeWitt Michael K. Tippett Anthony G. Barnston Shuhua Li Anthony Rosati Siegfried D. Schubert Michele Rienecker Max Suarez Zhao E. Li Jelena Marshak Young-Kwon Lim Joseph Tribbia Kathleen Pegion William J. Merryfield Bertrand Denis Eric F. Wood 20140401 raster digital data Dataset Link: https://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/SOURCES/.Models/.NMME/.NCEP-CFSv2/ Publication Link: https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00050.1 https://www.earthsystemgrid.org/search.html?Project=NMME Digital and/or Hardcopy 2014 publication date NMME Source data provided information on forecasted temperature and precipitation. gdptools (McDonald, 2023) was used to process NMME variables to rdews gage basins. The work flow is described as follows: a) Monthly NMME files for hindcast and forecast data were accessed by way of OpenDAP catalogs. The forecast periods consisted of 15, 45, 75, and 105 days (0.5 to 3.5 months). b) A single netCDF file from the OpenDAP catalog was converted into a vector format, with each raster cell represented by a single polygon feature. This only needed to be done once since all netCDF files were concurrent and orthogonal (i.e., cover the same extent with the same raster resolution). c) A weighting file was created by using rdews_gages and overlaying the output from above. This union was performed to attribute the area of each NMME raster cell polygon that lies within an associated rdews basin. The proportion of each raster cell present in each rdews basin was determined by taking the intersected area of each raster cell polygon (after the overlay was performed) and dividing by the original raster cell area. d) The weighting file from above was then used to calculate averages of each NMME variable for all rdews_gages flowline catchment. The value of each NMME variable in a raster cell polygon was multiplied by the proportion of that raster cell that occurred in the drainage basin to produce an area-weighted value per raster cell. e) A mean value for each rdews basin was calculated by taking the area-weighted average value of all NMME cells occurring in each rdews basin. f) The output file was converted to comma separated format. See gdptools documentation for further details. gdptools rdews_gages OpenDAP NMME 20240301 Michael E Wieczorek U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Geographer mailing

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Catonsville MD 21228 US 443-498-5550 443-498-5510 mewieczo@usgs.gov tref15day_DegC_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep across a 15-day (0.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep for a 15-day (0.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey -20.322 34.314 Degrees Celsius tref45day_DegC_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep across a 45-day (1.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep for a 45-day (1.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey -19.532 34.046 Degrees Celsius tref75day_DegC_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep across a 75-day (2.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep for a 75-day (2.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey -19.236 34.005 Degrees Celsius tref105day_DegC_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep across a 105-day (3.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean reference temperature in degrees Celsius within a monthly timestep for a 105-day (3.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey -19.081 33.817 Degrees Celsius precip15day_mm_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 15-day (0.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 15-day (0.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME retrospective data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey 0.0 17.489 Millimeters precip45day_mm_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 45-day (1.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 45-day (1.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME retrospective data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey 0.0 14.336 Millimeters precip75day_mm_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 75-day (2.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 75-day (2.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME retrospective data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey 0.0 14.582 Millimeters precip105day_mm_nmme_conus_gaged_1982_2023_mean.csv Comma delimited text file containing mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 105-day (3.5 month) retrospective forecast for rdews-gages. U.S. Geological Survey Date Calendar date in YYYY-MM-DD format where YYYY is 4 digit year, MM is 2 digit month, and DD is 2 digit day. For example, 2001-03-03 March 3, 2001. U.S. Geological Survey 1982-01-01 2023-11-01 month XXXXXXXX Mean total precipitation in millimeters within a monthly timestep across a 105-day (3.5 month) forecast for the date derived from NMME retrospective data for a watershed, where XXXXXXXX is the U.S. streamgage station identifier, including leading 0's. U.S. Geological Survey 0.001 12.716 Millimeters GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P98IG8LO None 20250708 Michael E Wieczorek U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Geographer mailing address

5522 Research Park Drive

Catonsville MD 21228 US 443-498-5550 443-498-5510 mewieczo@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999