Elise Watson Ward Sanford 20250814 raster digital data https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey data release https://doi.org/10.5066/P146YNIU Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) chemicals are known to strongly sorb onto soils when being transported downward through the vadose zone. The degree to which this sorption occurs depends on the length of the specific PFAS molecular chain and the properties of the soil. The properties with greatest influence on the soils PFAS sorption potential are percent silt and clay, and organic matter content (Fabregat-Palau and others, 2021), which have small size fractions that provide more sorption sites. In addition to sorption, the estimated long-term mean-annual vertical transport velocity of any chemical in a soil zone can be calculated given the recharge rate and volumetric water content. The latter can be calculated given the recharge rate, percent clay, and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Clapp and Hornberger, 1978). Also, the retardation factor can be calculated if the bulk density and water content are known. Given these requirements, raster data of these soil properties, in addition to several others, were downloaded from the Polaris Soils database made available in 2019, and used in preliminary analyses to assess the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) contamination at a national scale. The POLARIS data that were chosen in this study were percent silt, percent clay, percent sand, percent organic matter, saturated water content, saturated hydraulic conductivity, and bulk density. Rasters of these soil properties for each of the six depth layers included in the database were created for the contiguous United States (see compressed files percentclay.7z, percentsilt.7z, percentsand.7z, bulkdensity_bd.7z, saturatedhydraulicconductivity_ksat.7z, soilwatercontent_theta_s.7z, and soilorganicmatter_om.7z in Child Item section). The resulting rasters were used in analyses to create rasters of PFOS and PFOA sorption distribution coefficients (Kd values) as well as a classified soil raster based on the classic ternary diagram of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (Davis and Bennett, 1927). A 250-m resolution was chosen to be coincident with the 1-kilometer resolution grid of the USGS national hydrogeologic framework (Brassington and Younger, 2010). The POLARIS data are well represented at this, and even finer, resolutions (Chaney and others 2016). Future analyses to be conducted include combining these files with other existing rasters of mean-annual recharge and depth to the water table (Zell and Sanford, 2020) to develop a raster representing the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to PFOA and PFOS contamination for the contiguous United States. Percent sand, percent silt, and percent clay, soil hydraulic conductivity, organic matter, bulk density, and porosity (or soil water content) are important properties of the soil, and can be used in the development of models that predict characteristics of the deeper groundwater flow system. Raster files of these soil properties from the Polaris Soils database were used to create rasters covering the contiguous United States to be used in predictive models to assess groundwater vulnerability to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances. 2019 publication date Complete As needed Contiguous United States -126.0000 -66.0000 49.0000 24.0000 ISO 19115 Topic Category environment geoscientificInformation None Soils percent clay percent sand percent silt soil organic matter saturated hydraulic conductivity porosity soil water content soil bulk density per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances USGS thesaurus groundwater sorption PFAS USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6815351dd4be0252ee16662f None Contiguous United States United States None. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. It is requested that the suggested citation for this USGS data release be included in any publications that reference or utilize these data. Elise Watson U.S. Geological Survey, SOUTHWEST REGION Physical Scientist mailing address

4165 Spruance Road

San Diego CA 92101-0821 US 619-225-6426 ewatson@usgs.gov Windows 11, Rasters were created using RStudio 2025.05 and ArcGIS Pro version 3.3 Luiz H. Moro Rosso Andre F. de Borja Reis Adrian A. Correndo Ignacio A. Ciampitti 20210826 publication BMC Research Notes vol. 14, issue 1 n/a Springer Science and Business Media LLC https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-021-05729-y Environmental Systems Research Institute (Esri) 2024 application/service https://www.esri.com/en-us/home Posit Software, PBC 2023 application/service https://posit.co/download/rstudio-desktop/ Joel Fabregat-Palau Miquel Vidal Anna Rigol 202112 publication Science of The Total Environment vol. 801 n/a Elsevier BV ppg. 149343 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149343 Roger B. Clapp George M. Hornberger 20100709 publication Water Resources Research vol. 14, issue 4 n/a American Geophysical Union (AGU) ppg. 601-604 https://doi.org/10.1029/WR014i004p00601 Davis, R. O. E. Bennett, H.H. 1927 publication Washington D.C. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Davis, R.O.E. and Bennett, H.H, 1927, Grouping of soils on the basis of mechanical analysis, U.S. Department of Agriculture Circular 419, 15 p. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL24953752W/Grouping_of_soils_on_the_basis_of_mechanical_analysis F. C. Brassington P. L. Younger 20090512 publication Water and Environment Journal vol. 24, issue 4 n/a Wiley ppg. 261-273 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.2009.00173.x Wesley O. Zell Ward E. Sanford 20200809 publication Water Resources Research vol. 56, issue 8 n/a American Geophysical Union (AGU) https://doi.org/10.1029/2019WR026724 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. A formal accuracy assessment of the horizontal positional information in the data set has not been conducted. A formal accuracy assessment of the vertical positional information in the data set has either not been conducted, or is not applicable. Nathaniel W. Chaney Budiman Minasny Jonathan D. Herman Travis W. Nauman Colby W. Brungard Cristine L. S. Morgan Alexander B. McBratney Eric F. Wood Yohannes Yimam 20190409 publication Water Resources Research vol. 55, issue 4 n/a American Geophysical Union (AGU) ppg. 2916-2938 Rasters can be downloaded from http://hydrology.cee.duke.edu/POLARIS/PROPERTIES/v1.0 (last accessed April 2025). https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR022797 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20190409 publication date POLARIS The mean rasters serve as the source for the derived rasters. This data release focused on the following soil properties: percent sand, percent soil, percent clay, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat), organic matter (om), bulk density (bd), and soil water content (theta_s). The mean value raster tiles were downloaded from the Polaris database at http://hydrology.cee.duke.edu/POLARIS/PROPERTIES/v1.0/ using the XPolaris R package (Rosso and others, 2021) in RStudio and then merged into a single raster coverage of the contiguous United States. Additional process step information is provided in the metadata files (xml files with _metadata in name) specific to each individual raster. 20250217 The percent sand, percent silt, and percent clay rasters for the depth categories of 0 – 100 centimeters were used to create a classified soil raster based on the ternary soil diagram. Additional process step information is provided in the metadata files (xml files with _metadata in name) specific to each individual raster. 20250401 The soil organic matter, percent silt and percent clay rasters were then used to calculate sorption distribution coefficients for PFAS and PFOA chemicals in the soil. Additional process step information is provided in the metadata files (xml files with _metadata in name) specific to each individual raster. 20250401 Albers Conical Equal Area 29.5 45.5 -96.0 23 0 0 coordinate pair 1000 1000 meters World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS 84) WGS_1984 6378137.0 298.257224 Value Attribute Table (Raster data) Table containing attribute information associated with the data set. Producer defined VALUE The PFOA Kd and PFOS Kd raster values represent sorption distribution coefficients as described in the PFOA_Kd_0_100.tif_metadata.xml and PFOS_Kd_0_100.tif_metadata.xml files. Child Item rasters: The individual soil property rasters contain average values of several soil properties from the Polaris Soils database. The ternary soil classification raster contains categorical values representing soil categories. The values are described in the Ternary_Soil_Types.tif_metadata.xml files. U.S. Geological Survey The PFOA and PFOS raster values are sorption distribution coefficients which is the ratio of the concentration in the solid phase to its concentration in the liquid phase. Child Item rasters: For soil texture rasters, the value represents the mean percent for the soil depth category (sand, silt, and clay). The ternary soil types classification raster values represent classified soil categories ranging from 1 to 12. For the KSat rasters, the value is the saturated hydraulic conductivity (as the logarithmic scale). For organic matter (om) rasters, the value is the percent (as the logarithmic scale). For soil water content (theta_s) rasters, the value is the volume of water per the volume of soil in cubic meters. For bulk density (bd) rasters, the value is the grams per cubic centimeter. Seven soil property rasters from the Polaris Soils database were processed at a national scale and used in preliminary analyses to assess the vulnerability of shallow groundwater to PFOA and PFOS contamination. Rasters derived from these soil properties and associated XML metadata files included in this Data Release are: PFOA_Kd_0_100.tif and PFOA_Kd_0_100.tif_metadata.xml : Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) PFOS_Kd_0_100.tif and PFOS_Kd_0_100.tif_metadata.xml : perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) sorption distribution coefficient (Kd) ----------------------------- Soil properties for the Contiguous United States at a 250-meter resolution, based on 30-meter resolution data from the Polaris database (Child Item) Ternary_Soil_Types.7z Ternary_Soil_Types.tif and Ternary_Soil_Types.tif_metadata.xml : Ternary Soil Types for the Contiguous United States. Ternary_Soil_Types.tif.lyrx : symbology file for the ternary soil types for viewing raster in ArcGIS Pro. Soil Property Rasters percentsand.7z Sand0_5.tif and Sand0_5.tif_metadata.xml: Mean Percent Sand in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. Sand5_15.tif and Sand5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Sand in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. Sand15_30.tif and Sand15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Sand in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. Sand30_60.tif and Sand30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Sand in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. Sand60_100.tif and Sand60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Sand in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. Sand100_200.tif and Sand100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Sand in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. percentsilt.7z Silt0_5.tif and Silt0_5.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Silt in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. Silt5_15.tif and Silt5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Silt in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. Silt15_30.tif and Silt15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Silt in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. Silt30_60.tif and Silt30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Silt in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. Silt60_100.tif and Silt60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Silt in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. Silt100_200.tif and Silt100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Silt in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. percentclay.7z Clay0_5.tif and Clay0_5.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Clay in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. Clay5_15.tif and Clay5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Clay in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. Clay15_30.tif and Clay15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Clay in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. Clay30_60.tif and Clay30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Clay in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. Clay60_100.tif and Clay60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Clay in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. Clay100_200.tif and Clay100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean Percent Clay in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. saturatedhydraulicconductivity_ksat.7z KSat0_5.tif and KSat0_5.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. KSat5_15.tif and KSat5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. KSat15_30.tif and KSat15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. KSat30_60.tif and KSat30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. KSat60_100.tif and KSat60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. KSat100_200.tif and KSat100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated hydraulic conductivity in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. soilorganicmatter_om.7z om0_5.tif and om0_5.tif_metadata.xml : Mean organic matter in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. om5_15.tif and om5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean organic matter in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. om15_30.tif and om15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean organic matter in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. om30_60.tif and om30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean organic matter in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. om60_100.tif and om60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean organic matter in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. om100_200.tif and om100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean organic matter in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. soilwatercontent_theta_s.7z theta_s0_5.tif and theta_s0_5.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated soil water content in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. theta_s5_15.tif and theta_s5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated soil water content in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. theta_s15_30.tif and theta_s15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated soil water content in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. theta_s30_60.tif and theta_s30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated soil water content in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. theta_s60_100.tif and theta_s60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated soil water content in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. theta_s100_200.tif and theta_s100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean saturated soil water content in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. bulkdensity_bd.7z bd0_5.tif and bd0_5.tif_metadata.xml : Mean bulk density in the 0-5 cm depth thickness category. bd5_15.tif and bd5_15.tif_metadata.xml : Mean bulk density in the 5-15 cm depth thickness category. bd15_30.tif and bd15_30.tif_metadata.xml : Mean bulk density in the 15-30 cm depth thickness category. bd30_60.tif and bd30_60.tif_metadata.xml : Mean bulk density in the 30-60 cm depth thickness category. bd60_100.tif and bd60_100.tif_metadata.xml : Mean bulk density in the 60-100 cm depth thickness category. bd100_200.tif and bd100_200.tif_metadata.xml : Mean bulk density in the 100-200 cm depth thickness category. Watson, E. and Sanford, W., 2025, Sorption Coefficients (Kd) for Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), and supporting soil properties at a 250-meter resolution, based on 30-meter resolution data from the Polaris Soils database : a US Geological Survey Data Release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P146YNIU. GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P146YNIU None. 20250814 Elise Watson U.S. Geological Survey, SOUTHWEST REGION Physical Scientist mailing address

4165 Spruance Road

San Diego CA 92101-0821 US 619-225-6426 ewatson@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999