Pagano, Anthony M. (ORCID:0000-0003-2176-0909) Rode, Karyn D. (ORCID: 0000-0002-3328-8202) Nicholson, Kerry L. (ORCID: 0000-0001-9951-9897) Leacock, William B. (ORCID: 0000-0001-7495-7751) Stricker, Craig A. (ORCID: 0000-0002-5031-9437) Robbins, Charles T. (ORCID: 0000-0003-1207-7745) 20250417 tabular digital data Metabolic Rate, Body Composition, Diet, Behavior, Blood Chemistry, Stable Isotope, Tri-axial Accelerometer, and GPS Locations of Grizzly Bears (Ursus arctos) on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, 2023 . Anchorage, Alaska U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Suggested Citation: Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., Nicholson, K.L., Leacock, W.B., Stricker, C.A., Robbins, C.T., 2025, Metabolic rate, body composition, diet, behavior, blood chemistry, stable isotope, tri-axial accelerometer, and GPS locations of grizzly bears (Ursus arctos) on the North Slope of Alaska, USA, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P1L97U2I https://doi.org/10.5066/P1L97U2I This dataset is one table with time-linked behavior data derived from video camera collars on grizzly bears on the North Slope of Alaska, USA. Twelve grizzly bears were equipped with video-camera collars (Vertex Plus collar with camera option, Vectronic Aerospace GmbH, Berlin, Germany) for 17 - 22 days in 2023. These data were collected to gain insights into the field metabolic rate, diet, behavior, movement, and body composition of Arctic grizzly bears on the North Slope of Alaska. We captured 12 grizzly bears (adult and subadult) on the North Slope of Alaska, during the months of August and September. Bears were fitted with collars which recorded video, GPS location, and tri-axial acceleration. Additionally, we measured field metabolic rate, changes in body composition, and used measures of blood chemistry and stable isotopes to examine diet. Each bear was captured two times approximately 21 days apart. For technical and logistic reasons, not all data were collected for each bear. This data package is in four tables. Each table has a bear id column connecting data from the four datasets. 20230805 20230902 observed Complete None planned North Slope Alaska -151.991 -144.095 70.501 69.461 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:68014926d4be0263cab108ac ISO 19115 Topic Category Biota Environment NASA GCMD Earth Science Keyword Thesaurus Animals/Vertebrates Mammals Carnivores Bears Species Life History Use/Feeding habitat USGS CSA Biocomplexity Thesaurus Animals Mammals Metabolism Bioenergetics USGS Thesaurus Wildlife Coastal ecosystems Animal behavior Biogeography None Grizzly bear Ursus arctos USGS Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Alaska None Animals Mammals Vertebrates Bears Grizzly bears ITIS Integrated Taxonomic Information System Unknown online database online ITIS-North America Taxonomic details retrieved November 20, 2024 from the Integrated Taxonomic Information System online database https://www.itis.gov https://doi.org/10.5066/F7KH0KBK Species identification was made by skilled observers in the field based on general appearance. Grizzly bears are not easily confused with other species. Taxonomy is complete for all samples. No voucher specimens were collected. Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Deuterostomia Phylum Chordata Subphylum Vertebrata Infraphylum Gnathostomata Superclass Tetrapoda Class Mammalia Subclass Theria Infraclass Eutheria Order Carnivora Suborder Caniformia Family Ursidae Genus Ursus Species Ursus arctos Grizzly bear TSN: 180543 No access constraints. No use constraints. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License and are in the public domain. It is requested that this USGS data release be cited for any subsequent publications that reference or utilize these data. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov Pagano, A.M. Rode, K.D. Nicholson, K.L. Leacock, W.B. Stricker, C.A. Robbins, C.T. 2025 journal article Oecologia 208 online SpringerNature Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., Nicholson, K.L., Leacock, W.B., Stricker, C.A., Robbins, C.T., 2026. The effects of carnivory and herbivory on the energy balance of Arctic grizzly bears. Oecologia 208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05830-0 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-025-05830-0 No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. Attribute values fall within expected ranges. No data were omitted and there are no missing data. FIELD: Grizzly bears were captured by injecting them with immobilizing drugs using a combination of tiletamine HCl and zolazepam HCl (Telazol) through projectile syringes fired from a helicopter. Video collars were set to record video for 5 sec every 2 minutes from 12:30–07:30 GMT (04:30 - 23:30 Alaska Daylight time). We collected video data from 12 grizzly bears on the North Slope of Alaska, USA over 17-22 days. Behaviors, food item consumed, and the times in which they began and ended were annotated based on time-stamped videos recorded via the video camera collar. Unknown LITERATURE CITED: Pagano, A.M., Durner, G.M., Rode, K.D., Atwood, T.C., Atkinson, S.N., Peacock, E., Costa, D.P., Owen, M.A., Williams, T.M., 2018. High-energy, high-fat lifestyle challenges an Arctic apex predator, the polar bear. Science 359:568-572. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aan8677 Pagano, A.M., Rode, K.D., Lunn, N.J., McGeachy, D., Atkinson, S.N., Farley, S.D., Erlenbach, J.A., Robbins, C.T., 2024. Polar bear energetic and behavioral strategies on land with implications for surviving the ice-free period. Nature Communications 15:947. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-44682-1 Unknown North Slope Alaska grizzlyBear_videoDerivedBehaviorDiet_northSlopeAlaska_2023.csv Behavior and diet data derived from video camera collars from 12 grizzly bears on the North Slope of Alaska, USA in 2023. Presented in a Comma Separated Value (CSV) formatted table. Author defined File Name of the video file that the bear behavior and diet data were derived from. File names are a concatenation of a numeric camera ID, date the video was collected (YYYYMMDD), and time the video was collected (HH:MM:SS) in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). Author defined Name of the video file CollarID A unique identifier assigned to each bear collar in this dataset. Corresponds to the "CollarID" attribute in the other table included with this data package. Author defined 39799 94811 Bear A unique identifier assigned to each bear in this dataset. Corresponds to the "Bear" attribute in the other table included with this data package. Author defined 148 202 Datetime_behavior_starts The date time (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) the behavior began in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). Author defined 2023-08-05 17:54:32 2023-09-02 22:40:02 Date and time (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss; UTC) Datetime_behavior_ends The date time (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss) the behavior completed in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC). Author defined 2023-08-05 17:54:36 2023-09-02 22:40:06 Date and time (YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss; UTC) Behavior Range of actions exhibited by polar bears. Author defined carrying carcass Bear moving the carcass of a prey item (e.g., bird carcass, caribou carcass, etc.). Author defined catching waterfowl Bear in the process of grabbing waterfowl either with its forepaws or its mouth. Author defined digging Bear digging in the ground. Author defined drinking Bear drinking water. Author defined eating Bear eating food (e.g., vegetation, berries, bird, caribou, etc.). Author defined grooming Bear grooming (e.g., licking paws and/or fur). Author defined head shake Bear shaking its head. Author defined interacting Bear interacting with another bear. Author defined laying Bear lying down. Author defined mixed Bear performing multiple behaviors at once. No dominant behavior within the video clip. Author defined NA Blank video file recorded. Author defined pouncing Bear pouncing on the ground or into the water in an attempt to catch prey. Author defined rolling Bear rolling on the ground. Author defined running Bear running. Author defined sitting or standing Bear either sitting down or standing. Unable to discriminate whether the bear was sitting or standing based on the video footage. Author defined smelling Bear smelling (e.g., smelling the ground, rocks, prey, etc.) Author defined swimming Bear swimming in the water. Author defined unknown Unknown behavior. Lens obscured or not enough daylight to visually discern behavior. Author defined walking Bear walking. Author defined Food_item Range of foods consumed by grizzly bears. Author defined antler Bear chewed on and consumed caribou (Rangifer tarandus) antlers. Author defined berries Bear consumed berries. Author defined bird carcass Bear consumed parts of a bird carcass. Author defined bones Bear chewed on and consumed bones from a carcass. Author defined caribou carcass Bear consumed parts of a caribou (Rangifer tarandus) carcass. Author defined feces Bear consumed feces. Author defined fish Bear consumed a fish (unknown species) that it recently killed. Author defined goose Bear consumed a goose (including Greater white-fronted geese (Anser albifrons), Canada geese (Branta canadensis), or snow geese (A. caerulescens)) that it recently killed. Author defined grasses Bear consumed grasses. Author defined ground squirrel Bear consumed a ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) that it recently killed. Author defined gull Bear consumed a gull (unknown species) that it recently killed. Author defined gull carcass Bear consumed parts of a gull (unknown species) carcass. Author defined intestines of unknown Bear consumed a intestines from an unknown vertebrate. Author defined moose Bear consumed parts of a moose (Alces alces) that it recently killed. Author defined moose carcass Bear consumed parts of a moose (Alces alces) carcass. Author defined small rodent Bear consumed a small rodent (unknown species) that it recently killed. Author defined unknown Bear consumed an item that could not be identified based on the video footage. Author defined unknown carcass Bear consumed parts of a vertebrate whose taxon could not be identified based on the video footage. Author defined unknown mammal carcass Bear consumed parts of a mammal carcass whose species could not be identified based on the video footage. Author defined vegetation Bear consumed vegetation. Author defined wasp nest Bear consumed a wasp nest (unknown species). Author defined waterfowl Bear consumed a waterfowl species (unknown species) that it recently killed. Author defined waterfowl carcass Bear consumed parts of a waterfowl carcass (unknown species). Author defined Comments Miscellaneous comments related to the behavior or food item consumed. Author defined none U.S. Geological Survey USGS ScienceBase Team Mailing and Physical

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Denver Colorado 80225 USA 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov The U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center is the authoritative source of these data, distributed by ScienceBase (a USGS Trusted Digital Repository). Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes or on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. CSV Tabular data in CSV format; FGDC metadata in XML and HTML formats. https://doi.org/10.5066/P1L97U2I None 20251201 U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center Mailing and Physical

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Anchorage Alaska 99508 USA 907-786-7000 gs-ak_asc_datamanagers@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) FGDC-STD-001.1-1999