Duane E. Champion Drew T. Downs 20250911 spreadsheet Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Champion, D.E., and Downs, D.T., 2025, Paleomagnetic data from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JYVFK. https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JYVFK This dataset includes paleomagnetic analyses of lava samples from Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. Analyses were performed using a cryogenic magnetometer in Menlo Park, California, USA. The data were collected as part of fundamental geologic mapping of the Southwest Rift Zone, East Rift Zone, summit, and south flank regions of Kīlauea volcano, Island of Hawaiʻi. These data (when integrated with geologic mapping, geochronology, and geochemistry) are used to correlate and constrain ages of lava flows across Kīlauea. 1980 2003 ground condition Complete None planned -155.4512 -154.8029 19.6374 19.1670 USGS Thesaurus Volcanology Volcanic Activity Paleomagnetism Lava Flow Volcanic Stratigraphy Stratigraphic Correlations USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67fe9d8cd4be02350c26089a Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Island of Hawaiʻi Kīlauea Southwest Rift Zone East Rift Zone Koaʻe Fault System Halemaʻumaʻu Kaluapele Ka‘ū Desert Hilina Pali None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Drew T. Downs U.S. Geological Survey - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Research Geologist mailing and physical

1266 Kamehameha Avenue, Suite A-8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 US 808-967-7328 ddowns@usgs.gov Data were collected on a cryogenic magnetometer and produced using the PmagPy software package. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Paleomagnetic samples were collected, processed, and interpreted using the methods of McElhinny (1973). Part of these methods is sample selection of lava flow outcrops, and establishing that they have not moved noticeably since acquiring their remanent magnetization. This is subjective to the person collecting the samples. Samples were collected in the field with a handheld, gasoline-powered, 2.5 cm diameter coring drill and oriented using both sun and magnetic compasses. Generally, 8 to 12 cylindrical samples of 10-cm-length were collected at each site. Cores that are 2.2 cm long were cut from the larger cylinders and measured using an automatic cryogenic magnetometer at the U.S. Geological Survey Menlo Park facility and subjected to progressive alternating-field demagnetization to remove secondary components of magnetization. An isothermal remanent magnetization resulting in high magnetic sample intensities caused by proximal lightning strikes was the principal source of secondary magnetization. Care was taken during alternating-field demagnetization to populate the lowest coercivity intervals of samples with multiple steps to establish the earliest part of the arc connecting the direction of the sample’s fundamental isothermal remanent magnetization overprint to the direction of the original thermoremanent magnetization; two vectors in space define a great circle arc. This caution improves the precision of the intersection of separate sample arcs of the planes solution for a sample from sites (<5 percent) for which AF demagnetization cannot ultimately separate the isothermal remanent magnetization and thermoremanent magnetization (Kirschvink, 1980). The characteristic direction of remanent magnetization for each site was calculated using Fisher statistics on directional data from individual core demagnetization line fits using vector component diagrams, plane fits on equal-area diagrams, or mixtures of lines and planes data (Kirschvink, 1980). Kirschvink, J.L., 1980, The least-square line and plane and the analysis of paleomagnetic data: Geophysical Journal International, v. 62, p. 699–718. McElhinny, M.W., 1973, Paleomagnetism and plate tectonics: Cambridge, United Kingdom, University Press, 368 p. 2003 Point Point Universal Transverse Mercator 5 0.9996 -153.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 The data dictionary for entity and attribute data was constructed for Kīlauea Paleomagnetic Data from field notes and laboratory reports. The data dictionary is provided on the Description of Terms tab on the excel spreadsheet. The Kīlauea Paleomagnetic Data tab contains analytical data. U.S. Geological Survey GS ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. All trademarks and trade names are the property of their respective owners. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JYVFK None 20250911 Drew T. Downs U.S. Geological Survey - Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Research Geologist mailing and physical

1266 Kamehameha Avenue, Suite A-8

Hilo Hawaii 96720 US 808-967-7328 ddowns@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998