Andreas P. Wion 20250819 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13YEQAY These data include a collection of 3-dimensional (3D) point clouds from three New Mexico landscapes and associated field-collected validation data accompanying each scan. The data were collected in fall of 2022-2023 across three montane New Mexico landscapes - similar in climate but differing in disturbance histories. Landscapes include a intensely and repeatedly burned shrubfield, a less severely burned and open ponderosa pine woodland, and a dense, fire excluded mixed conifer forest (Ponderosa pine dominated with components of Doug-fir, White Fir, Southwestern White Pine, and Aspen). Field collected data represent fuel characteristics we were intending to model using the point clouds, and differ from each landscape. Methods included two 20-meter point line intercepts of suspended aerial and surface fuels, continuous counts of 1-1000 hour fuels, ocular estimates of vegetation cover, and tree characteristics (when present). The data are in two forms - tabular and spatial. Tabular data (field collections of fuel characteristics) can be linked to individual scans via file names using the scanID column. Spatial data lack a coordinate reference system - meaning - you cannot link a given point within the point cloud to a real-world spatial location. Scans can be linked to the unique XY coordinates of the center point (taken using a 3m accuracy Garmin GPS) from the tabular data, but all spatial reference units are relative to the positioning of the scanner. In other words, the coordinate reference system is undefined and relies on scanner origin. These data were collected to build high resolution, project-specific fuel models for input into 3D coupled fire-atmosphere models (e.g., QUICfire). These data can similarly be used to generate realistic 3D arrangements of fuels for as inputs into user-based QUICfire scenarios. These are 3D digital building blocks to generate, impute, or model - a range of common 3D fuel types in forest, shrubland, and woodland ecosystems found across the southwest. The data were collected from locations within the Jemez (Dome Wilderness and Bandelier National Monument) and Sangre de Cristo mountains (Tesuque Creek). 20220901 20231231 ground condition Complete None planned -107.0200 -105.1500 36.5200 35.2300 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus forest ecosystems lidar controlled fires USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67f010b1d4be02766d636816 Common geographic areas New Mexico Santa Fe National Forest Bandelier National Monument No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Andreas P Wion USGS - ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Research Ecologist (Fellow) mailing and physical

Ft Collins Science Center,NRRC Bldg C

Fort Collins CO 80526 5059542203 awion@usgs.gov USGS South-Central Climate Adaptation Science Center, USGS Ecosystems Mission Area - Land Change Science, New Mexico Consortium No tests were performed to assess the accuracy of the values. The data are consistent - meaning all values fall within expected ranges, logical consistencies were confirmed and data discrepancies identified through a rigorous and multi-party quality assurance and control system. Data are complete. Point clouds were collected using a Leica BLK 360 device, which outputs files in a proprietary .blk format. These formats were converted to ptx files and then input into the Intellimon Processing Algorithm from USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS). This process divides the scan into various vertical strata and identifies fundamental properties of the point cloud (i.e., moments) which are used to build a voxelized height model at a 2 meter scale. The ptx files were then processed and converted to .las format for ease of use. 20240131 Field data were collected at the scale of a 10 meter radius plot. Two 20-meter length belt transects were aligned perpendicular to each other, with the Leica BLK 360 scanner placed in the center of the plot. Line point intercept, vegetation height, ground cover, fuel loading, and estimates of vegetation cover were performed along the belt transects. These values are summarized for each plot in the field data files. In the mixed conifer study area, we collected tree lists on canopy sub-dominant trees (including height, crown base height, diameter, and species ID). 20240131 Dome_FuelData.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data of fuel estimates in the Dome Wilderness of New Mexico. Producer Defined Site_Code Unique Landscape ID Producer Defined DOME Dome Wilderness, Santa Fe National Forest, Jemez Mountains, Sandoval County, New Mexico Producer defined Plot Plot ID Producer Defined 1 125 ScanID Scan associated with the Plot ID given. The values correspond to the beginning of the filename found in Dome_las.zip Producer Defined See Dome_las.zip ScanDate Day of scan Producer Defined 10/11/2022 9/28/2022 Lat_4326 Latitude of plot center (EPSG:4326) Producer Defined 35.76675446 35.773349 Long_4326 Longitude of plot center (EPSG:4326) Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined -106.421564 -106.4127265 Notes Additional notes Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined Sample personnel Graminoids_ct40 Count of line point intercept with grassy vegetation, out of 40 Producer Defined 2 39 Woody_ct40 Count of line point intercept with woody shrubs, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 27 Forbs_ct40 Count of line point intercept with herbaceous vegetation, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 21 Deciduous_Litter_ct40 Count of surface line point intercept with deciduous litter, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 33 Short_Litter_ct40 Count of surface line point intercept with short needle conifer litter, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 0 Long_Litter_ct40 Count of surface line point intercept with Long needle litter, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 1 Fine_Litter_ct40 Count of surface line point intercept with fine, grassy or unidentified vegetation, vegetation, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 40 Bare_ground_ct40 Count of surface line point intercept with bare mineral soil, out of 40 Producer Defined 0 18 N_fuelbed_ht_cm North leg of transect, average fuelbed height up to 140 cm Producer Defined 0.3333333 140.0 centimeter S_fuelbed_ht_cm South leg of transect, average fuelbed height up to 140 cm Producer Defined 0.0 140.0 centimeter W_fuelbed_ht_cm West leg of transect, average fuelbed height up to 140 cm Producer Defined 11.6666667 140.0 centimeter E_fuelbed_ht_cm East leg of transect, average fuelbed height up to 140 cm Producer Defined 8.3333333 140.0 centimeter N_litter_depth_cm North leg of transect, average litter depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 4.3333333 centimeter S_litter_depth_cm South leg of transect, average litter depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 6.6666667 centimeter W_litter_depth_cm West leg of transect, average litter depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 4.3333333 centimeter E_litter_depth_cm East leg of transect, average litter depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 6.666667 centimeter N_duff_depth_cm North leg of transect, average duff depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 1.6666667 Inches S_duff_depth_cm South leg of transect, average duff depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 3.3333333 Inches W_duff_depth_cm West leg of transect, average duff depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 2.0 Inches E_duff_depth_cm East leg of transect, average duff depth in cm Producer Defined 0.0 2.666667 Inches 1_hr Count of 1 hour fuels Producer Defined 0 62 10_hr Count of 10 hour fuels Producer Defined 0 109 100_hr Count of 100 hour fuels Producer Defined 0 34 1000_hr Count of 1000 hour fuels Producer Defined 0 25 Conifer_Litter Count of conifer litter (bark and pine cones) Producer Defined 0 22 Oak_obs_pct Ocular estimate of oak cover Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 80.0 Percentage Log_obs_pct Ocular estimate of 1000 hour fuel density Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined heavy Many logs Producer defined light Few logs Producer defined moderate A number of logs Producer defined Robinia_obs_pct Ocular estimate of New Mexico Locust percentage Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 75.0 Percentage Grass_obs_pct Ocular estimate of grass percentage Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.1 80.0 Percentage Bare_obs_pct Ocular estimate of bare ground percentage Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0 70 Percentage Refugia_FuelData.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data of fuel estimates at the Refugia site within Bandelier National Monument. Producer Defined Site_Code Unique Landscape Producer Defined refugia Apache Mesa, Bandelier National Monument, Jemez Mountains, Los Alamos County, New Mexico Producer defined Plot Unique plot ID Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined Sampling unit ScanID Scan associated with the PlotID given. The values correspond to the beginning of the file name found in refugia_las.zip Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined See refugia_las.zip Date Date of data collection formatted as MM/DD/YYYY Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 9/18/2023 9/21/2023 Long Longitude of center point (EPSG:4326) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -106.3895452 -106.3762861 Lat Latitude of center point (EPSG:4326) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 35.82716711 35.83377111 Notes Additional Notes Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined Sample Personnel ht_Graminoids_Forbs_cm Height of grass and herbaceous vegetation in cm Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 17.75862069 42.825 centimeter ht_Robinia_cm Average height of New Mexico Locust in centimeters Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 261.1891892 centimeter ht_Oak_cm Average height of Gambel Oak in centimeters Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 210.0 centimeter pct_Graminoids_Forbs Percentage of line point intercept with grass or herbaceous vegetation (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 72.5 100.0 percentage pct_Robinia Percentage of line point intercepts with New Mexico Locust (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 92.5 percentage pct_Oak Percentage of line point intercepts with Oak (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 32.5 percentage pct_Deicduous_Woody Percentage of line point intercepts with deciduous shrubs (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 57.5 percentage pct_Conifer_Woody Percentage of line point intercepts with conifer saplings (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 2.5 percentage pct_Deciduous_Litter Percentage of surface line point intercept with deciduous litter (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 92.5 percentage pct_Short_Litter Percentage of surface line point intercept with short needle conifer litter (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 0 percentage pct_Long_Litter Percentage of surface line point intercept with long needle conifer litter (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 85.0 Percentage pct_Fine_Litter Percentage of surface line point intercept with fine, grassy or unidentified vegetation, litter (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 7.5 87.5 percentage pct_Bare_Ground Percentage of surface line point intercept with bare mineral soil (out of 40) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0 45.0 percentage litter_cm Average depth of litter in cm Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.416666667 3.25 centimeter 1_hr Count of 1 hour fuels Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 80 10_hr Count of 10 hour fuels Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 1 142 100_hr Count of 100 hour fuels Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 1 38 1000_hr Count of 1000 hour fuels Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 16 Conifer_Litter Count of conifer litter (bark and pine cones) Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 143 Oak_obs_pct Ocular estimate of oak cover Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 0% Producer defined 10 10% Producer defined 90 90% Producer defined 20 20% Producer defined 30 30% Producer defined T Trace Producer defined Robinia_obs_pct Ocular estimate of New Mexico Locust cover Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 10 10% Producer defined 0 0% Producer defined 30 30% Producer defined 70 70% Producer defined 60 60% Producer defined 80 80% Producer defined 40 40% Producer defined 20 20% Producer defined T Trace Producer defined Grass_Herbaceous_obs_pct Ocular estimate of herbaceous vegetation Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 100 Percentage Bare_Ground_obs_pct Ocular estimate of bare ground Producer Defined 0 20 Percentage Logs_obs_pct Ocular estimate of 1000 hour fuels Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 20 Percentage MixedConifer_fueldata2.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data of fuel estimates from the mixed conifer site in New Mexico. Producer Defined ScanID Scan associated with the Plot ID given. The values correspond to the beginning of the filename found in mixedConifer_las.zip Producer Defined See mixedConifer_las.zip for associated files Long_4326 Longitude of center point (EPSG:4326) Producer Defined -105.839036 -105.8198611 Lat_4326 Latitude of center point (EPSG:4326) Producer Defined 35.763708 35.77550925 SiteCode Local name of collection of sites Producer Defined sangres Tesuque creek drainage, Santa Fe National Forest, Southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains, Santa Fe County, New Mexico Producer defined ScanDate Date of Scan formatted as MM/DD/YYYY Producer Defined Date of scan Notes Additional Notes Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined Sample personnel ht_Graminoids_Forbs_cm Average height of herbaceous vegetation in cm Producer Defined 6.823529412 47.5 centimeters ht_Deicduous_Woody_cm Average height of deciduous shrub vegetation in cm Producer Defined 0.0 155.0 centimeters ht_Conifer_Woody_cm Average height of conifer saplings in cm Producer Defined 0.0 155.0 centimeters pct_Graminoids_Forbs Percentage of line point intercepts with herbaceous vegetation (out of 40) Producer Defined 2.5 70.0 percentage pct_Deicduous_Woody Percentage of line point intercept with deciduous shrubs (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 32.5 percentage pct_Conifer_Woody Percentage of line point intercepts with conifer saplings (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 5.0 percentage pct_Deciduous_Litter Percentage of Surface Line Point Intercept with Deciduous Litter (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 80.0 percentage pct_Short_Litter Percentage of Surface Line Point Intercept with Short conifer needle Litter (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 42.5 percentage pct_Long_Litter Percentage of Surface Line Point Intercept with Long Conifer Needle Litter (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 92.5 percentage pct_Fine_Litter Percentage of Surface Line Point Intercept with fine, often grassy or unidentified vegetation, litter (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 67.5 percentage pct_Bare_Ground Percentage of Surface Line Point Intercept with bare mineral soil (out of 40) Producer Defined 0.0 45.0 Percentage litter_cm Average depth of litter in centimeters Producer Defined 0.0 5.25 centimeters 1_hr Count of 1 hour fuels Producer Defined 2 497 10_hr Count of 10 hour fuels Producer Defined 3 120 100_hr Count of 100 hour fuels Producer Defined 0 26 1000_hr Count of 1000 hour fuels Producer Defined 0 17 Conifer_Litter Count of conifer litter (bark, pine cones) Producer Defined 0 32 PlotID PlotID that links to treelist data Producer Defined See MixedConifer_treelist.csv MixedConifer_treelist.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing treelist data from the mixed conifer site in New Mexico. Producer Defined Species Species Identity Code Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined PIPO Ponderosa pine Producer defined PSME Douglas Fir Producer defined ABCO White Fir Producer defined JUSC Rocky Mountain Juniper Producer defined PIST Southwestern White Pine Producer defined POTR Aspen Producer defined PIED Pinyon Pine Producer defined JUMO One Seed Juniper Producer defined SASC Rocky Mountain WIllow Producer defined ACGL Rocky Mountain Maple Producer defined LiveOrDead Live or Dead tree Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined L Live Producer defined D Dead Producer defined DBH Diameter at breast height in centimeters Producer Defined 0.0 72.9 CBH Crown base height in feet Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 49.5 Height Height in feet Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.0 64.4 Overstory Is the tree canopy dominant? Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined Y Yes Producer defined N No Producer defined Notes Additional Notes Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined tree information PlotID Links to PlotID in FuelData.csv Producer Defined see MixedConifer_fueldata2.csv These data represent both tabular (.csv) files and spatial (.las) files. The .las files are organized by each individual study landscape (Dome, Refugia, or Mixed Conifer) within .zip folders. Individual plot ID's are linked to Scans, and individual landscapes are linked to compressed folders using the site ID. Zip folders can be uncompressed using free software (WinZip, 7zip) to extract individual .las files. Once extracted, .las files can be visualized using freeware like CloudCompare or R software. If opting for the latter, I recommend the use of the lidR package and its readLAS functionality. The data represent XYZ space in imperial units (feet from scanner origin) and are clipped to a 10 meter circular radius from the scanner origin. Not applicable U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13YEQAY None 20250819 FORT Data Management U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center FORT Data Management mailing

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Fort Collins CO 80526 970-226-9100 fortdatamanagement@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998