Natalie K. Day Tyler V. King Adam Mosbrucker 20260105 remote-sensing image https://doi.org/10.5066/P14PIAUG Natalie K. Day Tyler V. King Adam R. Mosbrucker 20260218 publication Remote Sensing vol. 18, issue 4 n/a MDPI AG ppg. 638 https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18040638 Regression models were developed with reflectance values from remote-sensing imagery and concurrent turbidity measurements during a 2 year period at Colorado River near Cameo, Colorado streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station number 09095500). Three types of remote sensing systems were tested including satellite- and ground-based sensors. Models relate the explanatory variables, reflectance values from different spectral bands (wavelength), to instantaneous turbidity values (Formazin Nephelometric Units, FNU). These regression models can predict turbidity concentrations using a non-contact turbidity surrogate technique to help improve surface water monitoring operations. Regressions are also performed to evaluate the atmospheric correction routine of Sentinel-2 imagery. Files include post processed (.tif) imagery files and (.csv) files with calculated reflectance values, measured turbidity values, and predicted turbidity values. Data were collected to evaluate the potential of three multispectral sensors, validated with in-situ measurements, to estimate turbidity in the Colorado River. 20220501 20231101 ground condition Complete None planned -108.268890 -108.260050 39.241893 39.236741 USGS remote sensing photogrammetry turbidity hydrology USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67e6ee2bd34ee3695ea1d8c2 Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Colorado No access constraints. Please see 'Distribution Information' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal (CC0-1.0) public domain dedication and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Natalie Day Colorado Water Science Center Biologist mailing and physical

445 W. Gunnison Ave.

Grand Junction Colorado 81501 USA 970-320-3972 nkday@usgs.gov Funded by the U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission Area as part of the Next Generation Water Observing System (NGWOS). No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. This dataset is representative of the conditions only at time and place of image acquisition. European Space Agency 2025 tabular digital data https://sentiwiki.copernicus.eu/web/s2-mission Digital and/or Hardcopy 2025 publication date S-2 Mission Overview Spectral information (nanometers) of Multispectral instrument (MSI) on the Sentinel-2 satellites MicaSense 2023 tabular digital data https://support.micasense.com/hc/en-us/articles/1500007828482-Comparison-of-MicaSense-Cameras Digital and/or Hardcopy 2023 publication date Micasense Spectral information (nanometers) of MicaSense RedEdge Cameras U.S. Geological Survey 2025 tabular digital data https://doi.org/ 10.5066/F7P55KJN Digital and/or Hardcopy 20220601 20231101 publication date NWIS Turbidity and suspended sediment data Tyler V King Michael F Meyer Stephen A Hundt Grady P Ball Konrad C Hafen Dulcinea M Avouris Scott D Ducar Brendan F Wakefield Victoria G Stengel Quinten Vanhellemont 20241121 dataset https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P904243C Digital and/or Hardcopy 20150725 20260104 publication date Sentinel-2 data release Sentinel-2 imagery and associated reflectance values This data release includes zipped imagery files from three remote sensing sensors: the multispectral instrument (MSI) on the Sentinel-2 satellites (Sentinel2.zip), the MicaSense RedEdge ground-based system (Micasense.zip), and the SedCam ground-based system (SedCam.zip). Reflectance values were computed from different spectral bands (wavelengths) in each image and used in regression models to predict instantaneous turbidity values (FNU). Reflectance data from multiple Micasense images were computed on each date (datarelease-Micasense_reflectance.csv) and summarized to the median value for each date (datarelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv). For Sentinel-2 and SedCam imagery, reflectance values from 1 image were computed on each date (datarelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv). All reflectance values, associated instantaneous turbidity values (NWIS, 2025), and predicted turbidity values are found in (datarelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv). Regressions were also performed to evaluate the atmospheric correction routine of Sentinel-2 imagery (dataRelease-atmosphericcorrection_Cameo.csv). Details on the collection and processing of imagery, calculation of reflectance and creation of turbidity regression models are explained in detail in the 'Larger work' citation (Day and others, 2026) . 2025 Datarelease-Micasense_reflectance.csv As described in 'Larger work citation' (Day and others, 2025), multiple images from the ground-based Micasense camera were collected and processed on each date. The associated dates, times, and reflectance values associated with 10 different central wavelengths are reported here. They are summarized to daily median values in 'datarelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv' Producer Defined Date Date of image collection (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer Defined 7/13/2022 9/21/2023 Image_Time Time of image collection Producer Defined 8:46 11:39 Image_Time_Zone Time zone of image collection time Producer Defined MDT Mountain Daylight Time Producer defined Image_Identifier Associated filename in zipped Micasense imagery folder (Micasense.zip) Producer Defined File name in imagery folder CW Central wavelength (nanometers, nm), 10 total Producer Defined 444 842 nanometers Reflectance Median Reflectance value associated with image Producer Defined 0.0136782 0.198528 nanometers DataRelease-atmosphericcorrection_Cameo.csv To evaluate the satellite-based system’s (Sentinel-2) atmospheric correction routine, aquatic reflectance values were compared against those collected with the ground-based Micasense camera. This file contains associated metadata, reflectance values and results of regressions. Producer Defined Date Date of image collection (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer Defined 7/13/2022 9/21/2023 color Central wavelengths compared between Micasense and Sentinel-2 sensors. Producer Defined Naming convention is: band number_band color_central wavelength_central wavelength, where the first central wavelength is for the Micasense and the second central wavelength is for Sentinel-2. If there is only one number following the band color, the central wavelength is shared by both sensors. Central wavelength units are square nanometers. Additional spectral information can be found in associated source citations. Reflectance_Micasense-median Mean of multiple median reflectance values of Micasense images for the indicated central wavelength (individual median reflectance values are in Datarelease-Micasense_reflectance.csv) Producer Defined 0.014487713 0.194515606 unitless Reflectance_Sentinel-mean Mean reflectance value associated with Sentinel-2 image Producer Defined 0.014687 0.184786 unitless Turb_Micasense Mean instantaneous turbidity at Colorado River near Cameo, CO (NWIS, 2025; USGS site 09095500) associated with multiple time points when Micasense imagery was collected. Producer Defined 5.95 1370 Formazin Nephelometric Units Turb_Sentinel Mean instantaneous turbidity at Colorado River near Cameo, CO (NWIS, 2025; USGS site 09095500) associated with multiple time points when Sentinel-2 imagery was collected. Producer Defined 5.80 1290 Formazin Nephelometric Units diffTurb Difference between Turb_Micasense-median and Turb_Sentinel-mean Producer Defined -28.95 340.0 Formazin Nephelometric Units diffRef Percent difference between Reflectance_Micasense-median and Reflectance_Sentinel-mean Producer Defined 0.723082621221836 72.24120382 unitless regress Describes if the reflectance and turbidity data from this data were used in regression equation Producer Defined YES Data was used in regression Producer defined NO Data was not used in regression Producer defined Micasense.zip Folder containing Micasense camera imagery used in 'larger work citation' (Day and others, 2025). Naming convention corresponds to the Image identifier attribute column in Datarelease-Micasense_reflectance_input.csv. Producer Defined SedCam.zip Folder containing SedCam camera imagery used in 'larger work citation' (Day and others, 2025). Naming convention corresponds to the Image identifier attribute column in DataRelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv Producer Defined Sentinel2.zip Folder containing Sentinel-2 camera imagery (King and others, 2024) used in 'larger work citation' (Day and others, 2025). Naming convention corresponds to the Image identifier attribute column in DataRelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv Producer Defined DataRelease-Modeldata_Cameo_input.csv All reflectance values, associated instantaneous turbidity values (NWIS, 2025) used in regression models (Day and others, 2025), and associated metadata. Producer Defined Sensor Remote Sensing System Producer Defined Micasense Micasense RedEdge dual camera system Producer defined SedCam SedCam version 2.1 dual-camera system Producer defined Sentinel-2 Multispectral Instrument on board the European Space Agency’s Sentinel-2 satellites Producer defined Date Date (MM/DD/YYYY) Producer Defined 07/13/2022 10/06/2023 Observed_Turb Instantaneous turbidity at Colorado River near Cameo, CO (USGS site 09095500) associated with time image was collected. Producer Defined 5.1 2080.0 Formazin Nephelometric Units Estimated_Turb Estimated turbidity value from regression model associated with time image was collected Producer Defined 5.5 1669.0 Formazin Nephelometric Units wavelength Central wavelength (CW), in square nanometers Producer Defined Describes central wavelength, in square nanometers. Format is CW [ wavelength' of image used. reflectance Aquatic reflectance value. Note that this represents the median reflectance value for multiple Micasense images. The individual values used to calculate the median value are located in Datarelease-Micasense_reflectance.csv Producer Defined 0.0056 0.212 Image_identifier Associated filename in zipped imagery folders Producer Defined File name in imagery folder. NA is used for Micasense image as multiple images were used (image names are found in datarelease-Micasense_reflectance.csv). GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P14PIAUG None 20260219 Natalie Day Colorado Water Science Center Biologist mailing and physical

445 W. Gunnison Ave.

Grand Junction Colorado 81501 USA 970-320-3972 nkday@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998