John A. Engott Jesse E. Dickinson Casey J. Jones Jacob E. Knight Melissa D. Masbruch 20250701 surface-watershed model Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P1B7U6CW Fred D. Tillman Melissa D. Masbruch Jacob E. Knight John A. Engott Samuel F. Lopez Casey J. Jones Jesse E. Dickinson Matthew P. Miller 2025 Publication Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies vol. 60, (2025) 102554 Amsterdam, Netherlands Elsevier BV https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554 A Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS) model was developed to simulate the surface and near-surface hydrologic system of the Upper Colorado River Basin (UCOL). The model was used to evaluate and compare natural drivers and hydrologic responses of snow processes and evapotranspiration between a recent wet period (1982-1999) and drought period (2000-2022) for four headwater subregions in the Upper Colorado River Basin. This data release child item contains all of the PRMS input and output files for the simulations described in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554). The PRMS model is a spatially-gridded watershed model used to simulate the water balance of the land surface in the Upper Colorado River Basin and adjacent parts of the Little Colorado River Basin in Arizona. The purpose of the model is to serve as a tool for exploring how the water balance may have changed from 1980 to 2022. Additionally, PRMS model outputs of groundwater recharge, surface runoff, and interflow were used as input into a MODFLOW-NWT groundwater flow model co-developed for the same area (as described in a separate child item within this model application data release). The development of the model input and output files included in this data release child item are documented in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554). Support is provided for correcting errors in the data release and clarification of the modeling conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey. Users are encouraged to review the model documentation in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554) to understand the purpose, construction, and limitations of this model. The model will run successfully only if the directory structure is correctly restored. The model files are broken into several pieces to reduce the likelihood of download timeouts. Instructions for reconstructing the directory structure and running the model included in this child item can be found in the PRMS_readme.txt ASCII file which can be downloaded as part of this child item. Files in this child item include: -PRMS_parameter_source.csv: Comma-delimited file that identifies initial parameter source data for parameters used in the PRMS model. -PRMS_readme.txt: ASCII text file that describes the model files and instructions on how to run the model contained in this child item. --bin.zip: ZIP file containing python code used to build the input files needed to run the model. -georef.zip: ZIP file containing a shapefile which defines the extent of the model domain and active portions of the model grid -gridmet19792022_pr.zip: ZIP file containing gridMET daily precipitation files by year. -gridmet19792022_tmmn.zip: ZIP file containing gridMET daily minimum temperature files by year. -gridmet19792022_tmmx.zip: ZIP file containing gridMET daily maximum temperature files by year. -input.zip: ZIP file containing the input files for the model simulation documented in this child item. -output.zip: ZIP file containing the output files for the model simulation documented in this child item. -source.zip: ZIP file containing ZIP source files for GSFLOW v. 2.2.0 (Linux for personal PC) 19790101 20221231 publication date Complete As needed -112.466461 -105.334732 43.457317 33.778315 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation environment climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere inlandWaters USGS Thesaurus modeling mathematical modeling streamflow surface water (non-marine) groundwater and surface-water interaction None PRMS Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System Watershed Model USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67c78a67d34ea599a3b9a3ed Common geographic areas Upper Colorado Colorado San Juan Green River Yampa Gunnison Arizona New Mexico Utah Wyoming None. Acknowledgement of the U.S. Geological Survey would be appreciated in products derived from this data release. These PRMS model input and output files are provided to support the analyses documented in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554). Although the information contained in the model files may be useful for other purposes, it is incumbent on the user to understand the purpose, construction, and limitations of this model. Data have been checked to ensure consistency with the accompanying report. If any errors are detected, please notify the originating office. John A. Engott U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

USGS California Water Science Center

6000 J Street Placer Hall

Sacramento CA 95819 USA 916-278-4208 jaengott@usgs.gov Project supported by funding from the U.S. Geological Survey Water Mission Area's Integrated Water Availability Assessments (IWAA) Program, Water Availability and Use Science Program, and the Predictive Understanding of Multiscale Processes (PUMP) project within the Integrated Water Prediction (IWP) program. None Unclassified None Samuel F. Lopez Jacob E. Knight Fred D. Tilman [sic] Melissa D. Masbruch Daniel R. Wise Casey J. Jones Matthew P. Miller 20241121 Publication Scientific Data vol. 11, Article number: 1266 (2024) n/Berlin, Germany Nature Research, Nature Portfolio, Springer Nature https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04123-0 Samuel F. Lopez Jacob E. Knight Daniel R. Wise Casey J. Jones Melissa D. Masbruch 20241029 tabular digital data U.S. Geological Survey data release 1 Denver, CO U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P1496VHX Steven L. Markstrom Richard G. Niswonger R. Steven Regan David E. Prudic Paul M. Barlow 2008 Publication Techniques and Methods 6-D1 Reston, VA, USA U.S. Geological Survey Detailed description of the model input and output files included in this data release child item can be found in this model code documentation report. https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6d1/ R. Steven Regan Richard G. Niswonger 20210218 Software Release Reston, VA, USA U.S. Geological Survey Detailed description of the model input and output files included in this data release child item can be found in the documentation for this software release. https://www.usgs.gov/software/gsflow-coupled-groundwater-and-surface-water-flow-model The model was calibrated using data from 1982 to 2015. Basin-wide snow parameters were first calibrated to snow-covered area at the 1-km grid scale of the PRMS model. Next, model parameters in 66 headwater areas were calibrated to select streamflow metrics at the outflow of each headwater subbasin. Six simultaneous streamflow objective functions were used during calibration including monthly range, mean monthly range, monthly median, mean monthly median, high daily median, and low daily median. The Nash-Sutcliff Efficiency (NSE) index was used to evaluate the degree of agreement between simulated and observed “naturalized” streamflow at headwater sites. "Naturalized" streamflow was calculated as gaged streamflow plus significant surface-water diversions above each gage as documented by Lopez and others (2024). No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record, the PRMS_readme.txt file, and the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554) for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted The process used to develop and calibrate the PRMS model is fully described in the associated journal article (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554). 2025 NAD 1983 UTM Zone 12N 0.9996 -111.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 1000.0 1000.0 meters North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Geodetic Reference System 1980 6378137.0 298.257222 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.001 meters Attribute values model_grid.shp ESRI Polygon shapefile U.S. Geological Survey Area Text string indicating whether the model cell is active or inactive in the model. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554 usgswatershedmodel Delineation of active and inactive model cells in the model grid. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554 This model application data release child item contains all the model input and output files needed to replicate the simulations described in the associated publication (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2025.102554 Detailed descriptions of the model input and output files can be found in the GSFLOW documentation (https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6d1/) and online at: www.usgs.gov/software/gsflow-coupled-groundwater-and-surface-water-flow-model accessed March 13, 2025. https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6d1/ U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center

Building 810

Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although the data, software, and related material have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), reviewed for accuracy and completeness, and approved for release by the USGS, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Although the data have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government shall be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. The USGS or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Datasets None 29515.002 https://doi.org/10.5066/P1B7U6CW None. No fees are applicable for obtaining the dataset. 20250701 Melissa D. Masbruch U.S. Geological Survey, ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION Supervisory Hydrologist mailing and physical

USGS Utah Water Science Center

2329 West Orton Circle

West Valley City UT 84119 United States 801-908-5068 mmasbruch@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001_1998