Meghan Halabisky Catharine Fleming David J. Selkowitz William M. Janousek Roy R. Sando Tabitha A. Graves Rebecca M. McCaffery 20250325 raster digital data Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TYNY7L High resolution fractional tree cover and change over time for Olympic, Mount Rainier, and Glacier National Parks from the mid-1980s to the mid-2020s. Date of annual snapshots of tree cover and the temporal range of change over time in tree cover vary by location. See metadata files associated with individual parks for specific details. These data products were developed to understand change in fractional tree cover in three large, mountainous national parks in the western United States over a 40-year period, particularly as related to tree encroachment in subalpine meadow ecosystems. This data release supports co-production of science between the USGS, National Park Service, and University of Washington. This dataset will be used to link snow and precipitation to shifts in fractional tree cover (meadows and grasslands), and ultimately to effects on multiple ESA-listed and iconic/sensitive species found in these mountain ecosystems. These data support vegetation, fire, grassland, Secretarial Order 3362 (big game migration and winter habitat), and drought priorities. 1985 2024 publication date Complete None planned Glacier, Olympic, and Mount Rainier National Parks -124.6509 -113.1152 49.1530 46.3621 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus geospatial datasets land use and land cover None Forest cover Meadow Encroachment USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67c61907d34ea599a3b996ea Common geographic areas Glacier National Park Olympic National Park Mount Rainier National Park Washington Montana None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Tabitha A Graves USGS - MIDCONTINENT REGION Research Ecologist mailing and physical

OA - NPS - Glacier National Park

West Glacier MT 59936 406-589-6645 tgraves@usgs.gov USGS Ecosystems Species Management Program, Water Program, Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center, and the University of Washington Refer to the Attribute Accuracy Report in park specific metadata files for model validation information. Data are in expected ranges. Data are complete for the geographic areas and time periods defined in park specific metadata files. Refer to park specific metadata files for processing information. 2023 U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center

Building 810

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Denver CO 80225 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P1TYNY7L None 20250325 GS-NOROCK Data Steward U.S. Geological Survey Data Steward mailing and physical

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Bozeman MT 59715 406-994-5034 406-994-6656 norock_data_steward@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999