Laura C Shriver Seth M Munson 20250411 tabular data Flagstaff, AZ U.S. Geological Survey Additional information about Originators: Shriver, Laura C, https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5567-0868; Munson, Seth M, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-6374 https://doi.org/10.5066/P13LI3B2 Laura C. Shriver Samuel E. Jordan Seth M. Munson 2025 journal manuscript TBD (online) TBD https://doi.org/XXXX These data were compiled for a literature review exploring science that informs plant material sourcing and selection in the interior central and western United States. Objectives of our study were to compile and summarize scientific literature that informs plant material selection to synthesize the state of knowledge relevant to decision-making. These data represent scientific studies that inform plant material selection and associated information including study type, study area, Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions of the Continental United States, objectives/questions, and conclusions in relation to plant material sourcing. These data were collected from articles published between 1994-2024 in unforested water-limited ecosystems in the interior central and western United States. These data were collected by U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center researchers through a literature search in Google Scholar. These data can be used to explore and summarize the current state of scientific knowledge informing plant material selection in this study area and time period and as a basis for expanded literature reviews and analyses. The purpose of these data are to compile scientific literature relevant to plant material sourcing in unforested water-limited ecosystems in the interior central and western United States. These data were created for a literature review compiling scientific guidance and recommendations for plant material sourcing. These data could be used by future researchers to examine questions related to plant material sourcing and as a basis for expanded literature reviews and analyses. These scientific data are a valuable resource for the public that directly improves the Nation by delivering reliable and current information to address challenging biogeographic and land management issues which can affect public lands while promoting productive ecosystems for communities in the interior central and western United States that depend on them, thereby contributing to their health, safety, and prosperity. Data users should read the entire metadata record and acquire the manuscript identified as the ‘Larger Work Citation’ to have a complete understanding of how these data were created and used. These data are specific to the uses identified above, as described in the ‘Larger Work Citation’, and any other use of these data would be inappropriate. See 'Distribution liability' statements for more information. 1994 2024 observed Complete None planned -125.0 -102.0 25.0 49.0 USGS Thesaurus biogeography ecosystem management genetics grassland ecosystems land surface characteristics land use and land cover life sciences plants (organisms) remediation vegetation USGS information products data release ISO 19115 Topic Categories biota environment None abiotic biotic drylands environmental conditions local adaptation native plant native seed plant functional traits seed sourcing seed transfer zones USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67b73cafd34e1a2e835b11da Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Arizona California Colorado Colorado Plateau Great Basin Great Plains Idaho Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Mexico North Dakota Oklahoma Oregon South Dakota Texas Utah Washington Wyoming Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names Southwest United States Western United States None central United States Intermountain West interior United States No access constraints No use constraints. License, Creative Commons Zero v1.0 Universal. Seth M Munson U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region Research Ecologist mailing and physical

2255 North Gemini Drive

Flagstaff AZ 86001 United States 928-556-7301 smunson@usgs.gov The data were collected and compiled by U.S. Geological Survey employees at the Southwest Biological Science Center, including Laura C Shriver, Sam E Jordan, Sonoma L Brill, and Seth M Munson. The unique values for each attribute field were reviewed and checked for spelling, consistency of terms, accuracy, adherence to controlled vocabularies, and completeness. Data were checked for logical consistency by separating compound text strings to examine the proper spelling and standardization of all text fields. Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Development of the Literature Review Data table: We searched for relevant literature using Google Scholar by combining a static search term string and variable search terms. The static search term string included "native plant material" OR "seed source" OR "seed provenance" AND “United States” to ensure the search output would include content on seed selection and be relevant to the United States. Variable search terms were individually combined with the static search term string with the Boolean function “AND”. Variable search terms included “disturbance”, “dryland”, “grassland”, or “restoration” to clarify site conditions, and “climate”, “soil”, “ecoregion”, “genetic”, “genomic”, “local adaptation”, “seed transfer zone”, “trait”, “functional trait”, “cultivation”, “production”, “agronomic”, “cultivar”, or “land management”. Although terms are shown here in quotes to differentiate them, we did not include quotes in Google Scholar searches to include plurals and derivatives. We reviewed literature that met the following criteria: 1) published in peer-reviewed academic journals from 1994 to 2024, 2) addressed grasses, forbs, or shrubs (excluded trees and non-vascular plants) in unforested, water-limited ecosystems, 3) were conducted in, or relevant to, the interior western and central United States (see Fig. 2, in the Larger Work Citation for an outline of the study area including EPA ecoregions boundaries), 4) had applicable information for seed sourcing. We stopped looking for additional articles in searches when we encountered 20 consecutive articles that did not meet search criteria or had already been reviewed. Our searches returned 593 potential articles, of which 183 met criteria for review. For each article in the literature review data release, we include a citation, study type, study area(s), level 3 ecoregion(s), objectives/questions, and conclusions in relation to seed sourcing. The literature search was conducted in 2024 and data processing occurred in 2024 and 2025. 2025 Data Quality Assessment and Quality Control (QAQC): Quality Assurance (QA): the coauthors and data collectors used shared standardized search terms and protocols to search for and select articles and to designate study types. One expert coauthor compiled study area(s) and level 3 ecoregion(s) based on geographic information provided in articles and Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions of the Continental United States (https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/level-iii-and-iv-ecoregions-continental-united-states) and summarized study objectives/question and conclusions in relation to seed sourcing so these data were collected and reported in a consistent fashion. Quality Control (QC): The coauthors completed multiple rounds of quality control checks and edits to the data table to make sure all information was accurate and complete. For the study areas, we used Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions of the Continental United States maps or maps of U.S. states to define single ecoregion or single state study areas, then we used group-developed definitions derived for larger study areas that are not always consistently defined in the scientific literature, such as the Southwest, Colorado Plateau, Great Basin, Intermountain West, or Western United States. For study types, we used the study type defined by the journal if that was present (e.g. “Review Article” would fall under Review/Synthesis), and for papers study types that were difficult to define, we discussed them as a group to decide how to categorize them. 2025 Finalize Data for Dissemination: Data sent to the Southwest Biological Science Center Data Steward for dissemination and preservation per USGS Data Management Policies SM 502.6, SM 502.7, SM 502.8 and SM 502.9 (1 October 2016). 2025 LiteratureReview.csv This data table represents scientific literature relevant to plant material sourcing in unforested water-limited ecosystems in the interior central and western United States. The purpose of this data table is to summarize the study type, study area(s), Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions(s), objectives/questions, and conclusions in relation to plant material sourcing for each article included in the literature review. Producer defined DOI_URL This attribute in the data table represents a persistent link to the digital object for the scholarly journal article. Blank cells = DOI URL not available, see the full citation for a link to a landing page that includes the scholarly journal article. Producer defined The data values include the full DOI URL link to access the published scholarly journal article. Year This attribute in the data table represents the year that the scholarly journal article was published. Producer defined 1994 2024 year Author This attribute in the data table represents the author(s) names of the published scholarly journal article. Producer defined The data values include the author(s) last name, first name initial, and middle name initial (if available). CitationTitle This attribute in the data table represents the title of the published scholarly journal article. Producer defined The data values include the title for 183 published scholarly journal article. Publisher This attribute in the data table represents the name of the publisher of the published scholarly journal article. Producer defined The data values include the full name of the scholarly journal article publisher, (n = 55). Volume This attribute in the data table represents the volume number, issue number, and/or pages of the published scholarly journal article. Producer defined The data values include volume number, issue number, and/or pages of the published scholarly journal article. Format: v. #, no. #, p. ###-###. FullCitation This attribute in the data table represents the full citation for each published journal article. Producer defined The data values include author(s), the year of publication, title, journal name, volume number, issue number (if present), page numbers (if present), and the digital object identifier (doi). StudyType This attribute in the data table represents the study type of each article classified into 5 possible categories based on the primary approach employed to generate guidance for plant material sourcing. Producer defined experimental The article presented results where variables were manipulated in a lab, field, or model simulation. Producer defined methodological The article presented the development of new techniques or analyzed existing techniques. Producer defined observational The article presented the examination of a study subject without manipulation. Producer defined perspective The article presented a viewpoint based on opinion, idea, or insight. Producer defined review/synthesis The article presented the summary of published research. Producer defined StudyArea This attribute in the data table represents the primary geographic study area(s) the article was conducted in or addressed. The 23 designated geographic areas/regions are based on the study area(s) defined in the journal article and (or) from geographic information in the article. The study areas vary in scale as some articles addressed an entire continent or country, while others addressed a specific state, ecoregion complex, or ecoregion. Additionally, some study areas are referenced by Environmental Protection Agency Level 3 ecoregions. Producer defined Blue Mountains The geographic extent of the Blue Mountains (6.2.9) Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Producer defined California The geographic extent of the state of California, multiple Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss. Producer defined Colorado The geographic extent of the state of Colorado, multiple Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss. Producer defined Colorado Plateau The geographic extent of the Colorado Plateaus ecoregion complex (Level IV, 20). Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss in this area may include the Arizona/New Mexico Plateau (10.1.7), Arizona/New Mexico Mountains (13.1.1), and (or) Colorado Plateaus 10.1.6). Producer defined Great Basin The geographic extent of the Central Basin and Range ecoregion complex (Level IV, 13). Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss in this area may include the Central Basin and Range (10.1.5), Northern Basin and Range (10.1.3), and (or) Snake River Plain (10.1.8). Producer defined Great Plains The geographic extent of the Great Plains (9.0) Environmental Protection Agency Level 1 ecoregion. Producer defined Great Plains (central) The geographic extent of the central portion of the Great Plains (9.0) Environmental Protection Agency Level 1 ecoregion, including Colorado, Nebraska, Iowa, Missouri, and Kansas. Producer defined Great Plains (northern) The geographic extent of the northern portion of the Great Plains (9.0) Environmental Protection Agency Level 1 ecoregion, including Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Minnesota. Producer defined Great Plains (southern) The geographic extent of the southern portion of the Great Plains (9.0) Environmental Protection Agency Level 1 ecoregion, including Oklahoma, New Mexico, and Texas. Producer defined Intermountain West The geographic extent of the section of the western continental United States between the Sierra Nevada and Cascades mountains to the west and Rocky Mountains to the east. Producer defined Mojave Desert The geographic extent of the Mojave Basin and Range (10.2.1) Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions. Producer defined North America The geographic extent of the North American continent, including Canada, the United States, and Mexico. Producer defined North America (United States and Canada) The geographic extent of the United States and Canada. Producer defined Not location specific The published journal article did not have a geographic focus or describe a geographic extent. Producer defined Rocky Mountains (northern) The geographic extent of the northern portion of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss, including Canadian Rockies (6.2.4), Columbia Mountains/Northern Rockies (6.2.3), and (or) Middle Rockies (6.2.10). Producer defined Rocky Mountains (southern) The geographic extent of the Southern Rockies (21) in a Level 4 ecoregion complex. Producer defined Sonoran Desert The geographic extent of the Sonoran Basin and Range Sonoran Basin and Range (81) in a Level 4 ecoregion complex. Producer defined Southwest The geographic extent of the southwest continental United States. Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss, including Arizona/New Mexico Plateau (10.1.7), Arizona/New Mexico Mountains (13.1.1), Chihuahuan Desert (10.2.4), Colorado Plateaus (10.1.6), Madrean Archipelago (12.1.1), Mojave Basin and Range (10.2.1), Sonoran Desert (10.2.2), Southern Rockies (6.2.14), and (or) Southwestern Tablelands (9.4.3). Producer defined United States The geographic extent of the United States. Producer defined Utah The geographic extent of the state of Utah, multiple Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregionss. Producer defined Western North America The geographic extent of the western end of the North American continent (including Canada and the United States, sometimes Mexico), the geographic limits of "western" may vary among published journal articles. Producer defined Western United States The geographic extent of the western end of the United States (the continental United States and Alaska, or continental United States only), the geographic limits of "western" may vary among published journal articles. Producer defined Wyoming Basin The geographic extent of the Wyoming Basin (10.1.4) Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions. Producer defined Level3_Ecoregion This attribute in the data table represents the Environmental Protection Agency Level III Ecoregions(s) the article primarily addressed or were relevant to. Ecoregions were extracted by including those specified in articles (via lists or maps with ecoregion outlines or labels) or, for articles that did not specify this information, by inferring ecoregion from maps, location descriptions, or GPS points. Multiple Level III Ecoregions may be listed for a single published journal article. NA = not referenced to a Level III Ecoregions. Producer defined Ecoregion Descriptions, US Level III Descriptions https://www.epa.gov/eco-research/level-iii-and-iv-ecoregions-continental-united-states ObjectivesQuestions This attribute in the data table represents the main question(s) and objective(s) outlined in the abstract and/or introduction from the published journal article. Producer defined The attribute values represent textual information that describes the main question(s) and objective(s) outlined in the abstract and/or introduction and sometimes paraphrased for clarity or brevity. Conclusions This attribute in the data table represents the main conclusions in relation to plant material sourcing (seed sourcing) outlined in the article's abstract, implications, discussion, summary, and/or conclusions from the published journal article. Producer defined The attribute values represent textual information that describes the main conclusions outlined in the abstract, implications, discussion, summary, and/or conclusions and are sometimes paraphrased for clarity or brevity. GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. This file contains data available in comma-separated values (csv) format. The user must have software capable of displaying the data table. 20250801 Seth M Munson U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Region Research Ecologist mailing and physical

2255 North Gemini Drive

Flagstaff AZ 86001 United States 928-556-7301 smunson@usgs.gov Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998