Dennis A. LaPointe Richard J. Camp Matthew C. Mueller 20250214 tabular digital data Dennis A. LaPointe (0000-0002-6323-263X), U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center Richard J. Camp (0000-0001-7008-923X), U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center Matthew C. Mueller, University of Hawai`i at Hilo, Hawai`i Cooperative Studies Unit https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HWMQX This data set and accompanying metadata is part of a larger data release for a Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) Trial with the mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus conducted between October and December 2020. These ambient temperatures and relative humidity records are from both the field site where the MRR trial occurred and the insectary where the released mosquitoes were reared and the survivorship experiments were conducted.The second survivorship trial occurred in March of 2024. In the last ten years steep declines in forest bird population have been documented from Maui and Kaua`i. Today, forest bird numbers have plummeted in Maui's Kīpahulu Valley and across the Kaua`i’s Alaka`i Plateau leaving listed Kiwikiu, `Akikiki and `Akeke`e populations at critically low numbers. Coinciding with these population declines, prevalence of mosquito-borne avian malaria has increased at higher elevation forests. This dramatic increase in malaria prevalence and concurrent decrease in forest bird densities strongly suggests a disease-driven, population decline. In an effort to stop avian malaria transmission, landscape level mosquito control has become a conservation priority focusing efforts on developing the Wolbachia-based Incompatible Insect Technique (IIT) to target Culex quinquefasciatus populations. Temperature and relative humidity data are most relevant to the interpretation of observations of the flight activity (dispersal) and survivorship of mosquitoes used in the MRR and are specific to the locations and phase of the MRR. 20201114 20240320 observed Complete None planned Island of Hawai'i Hawaiian Islands -155.4318 -155.0336 19.7047 19.3422 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota None Avian malaria Mosquito-borne disease Incompatible insect technique (IIT) USGS Thesaurus Wildlife disease USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:679be5ecd34ea8c1837738da None Hawaiian Islands Island of Hawai'i Upper Waiākea Forest Reserve Common geographic areas Hawai'i None Aedes japonicus japonicus Culex quinquefasciatus Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Protostomia Superphylum Ecdysozoa Phylum Arthropoda Subphylum Hexapoda Class Insecta Subclass Pterygota Infraclass Neoptera Superorder Holometabola Order Diptera Suborder Nematocera Infraorder Culicomorpha Family Culicidae Subfamily Culicinae Tribe Aedini Genus Aedes Subgenus Aedes (Hulecoeteomyia) Species Aedes japonicus Subspecies Aedes japonicus japonicus TSN: 1155106 Tribe Culicini Genus Culex Subgenus Culex (Culex) Species Culex quinquefasciatus TSN: 126490 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Dennis LaPointe U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG Research Ecologist mailing and physical

Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.

Hawaii Natl Park HI 96718 US 808-985-6413 dlapointe@usgs.gov Funding support from the U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Islands Climate Adaptation Science Center and Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program, and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Office, Science Applications Program. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Division of Forestry and Wildlife provided access to state lands. University of Hawai'i at Hilo, Hawai'i Cooperative Studies Unit provided research collaboration and administrative support. Additional administrative support funding and administrative support provided by the USGS Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center. Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise, Version 22H2, OS Build 19045.3803: Microsoft Office 2016, Excel Data was downloaded directly from the devices. In the field iButton Hygrochron loggers were protected from direct sunlight with radiation shields. The accuracy of temperature readings is reported to be 0.5 degrees C between -10 to 65 degrees C. Relative humidity readings in the field regularly exceed 100% due to saturation drift. See https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/DS1923.pdf for correction formulas. Temperature and humidity values for the insectary fall within expected values. Temperature readings at the field site also fall within expected values. Humidity readings above 70%, recorded in the field are probably higher than the actual values due to saturation drift. Saturation drift likely explains values recorded above 100%. Higher relative humidity is expected in a montane Hawaiian rainforest. Temperature and humidity data are specific to the times and locations where they were recorded. Ambient temperature and humidity were recorded every 15 minutes by a iButton Hygrochron data logger. Individual iButtons were hung in the climate-controlled insectary room used for rearing mosquitoes to adults and in the uncontrolled room (reflecting ambient conditions in Volcano HI) for acclimating and marking mosquitoes prior to release. At the MRR field site the iButton was housed in a radiation shield to protect the sensor from direct sunlight and precipitation. The sensor was suspended 1 meter above the ground in a small clearing. 20201114 Dennis LaPointe U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG Research Ecologist mailing and physical

Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.

Hawai'i Natl Park HI 96718 US 808-985-6413 dlapointe@usgs.gov Data was downloaded from the device into an Excel spreadsheet.Data was reviewed by the project lead for gaps in the data and examined for unusual high and low values. 20240320 MasterTempHumidity_MRR2020.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined Location Location of the iButton Hygrochron. Producer Defined KFS Aviary Bldg 295 anteroom to the Insectary. Climate is not modified with temperature and humidity essentially same as the outside. Producer defined Insectary Bldg 295 climate controlled room used for mosquito rearing and survival experiments. Producer defined Waiākea Field Upper Waiākea Forest Reserve Centerpoint where mosquitoes were released. Intersection of Tree Planting Rod and an unnamed forestry road. Producer defined Trial Period The phase of the trial for which temperature and humidity was collected. Producer Defined Recapture November 16 - December 13, 2020 Period when mosquitoes were being trapped after the release. Producer defined Acclimation November 14 - November 30, 2020 Period when mosquitoes were held at ambient temperature prior to release. First release 11/14/2020-11/16/2020. Second release 11/19/2020 - 11/21/220 Producer defined Rearing November 14 - 17, 2020 Short period when temperature was raised to 28-30 degrees C to speed up development. Producer defined Survival1 November 18 - December 26, 2020 Same marked cohort as released on November 21, 2020 held on 3% sucrose. Producer defined Survival 5 February 6 - March 20, 2024 Repeat of Survival 1. Lab-reared mosquitoes sourced from egg rafts collected at Waiākea site in 2023. This cohort was provided only water following 4 days on sucrose solution. Producer defined Date Recording date in the mm/dd/yyyy format Producer Defined 11/14/2020 3/20/2024 month/day/year 1 Time Recording time in the 24 hour format of hh:mm:ss. Producer Defined 0:03:01 23:52:01 hours:minutes: seconds TempC Temperature in Celsius recorded on an iButton Hygrochron. DS1923#F5 Producer Defined 10.8 32.0 degree Celsius 0.5 %RH Relative Humidity recorded on an iButton Hygrochron DS1923#F5 Producer Defined 38.2 105.7 percent 0.6 GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P14HWMQX None 20250214 U.S. Geological Survey, NW-PACIFIC ISLAND REG Data Steward physical

Bldg 344 Chain of Craters Rd.

Hawaii National Park HI 96718 USA 808-210-6141 pierc-datasteward@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999