National Minerals Information Center 20250408 tabular digital data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XCP3R National Minerals Information Center 2025 tabular digital data https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/mineral-commodity-summaries This data release contains the U.S. salient statistics and world production data extracted from the RARE EARTHS data sheet of the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. Published on an annual basis, the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries report is the earliest Government publication to furnish estimates covering nonfuel mineral industry data. Data sheets contain information on the domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, and 5-year salient statistics for over 90 individual minerals and materials. Where possible, data are those finalized for publication in the 2023 U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Volume I - Metals and Minerals. For 2024, USGS National Minerals Information Center provided estimates based on available data from USGS surveys of the industry, other industry sources, and mineral commodity specialist research. 2020 2024 ground condition Complete Annually -180.0000 180.0000 90.0000 -90.0000 USGS Thesaurus metallic mineral resources None rare earths ferrocerium cerium dysprosium europium lanthanum neodymium terbium monazite bastnaesite USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6798f088d34ea8c18376e7f9 Common geographic areas United States None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Daniel J Cordier U.S. Geological Survey, NORTHEAST REGION Mineral Commodity Specialist mailing address

12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US (703) 648–7707 dcordier@usgs.gov National Minerals Information Center 2025 application/service Provides information and links to all available USGS National Minerals Information Center publications about RARE EARTHS by publication type and year. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/rare-earths-statistics-and-information Where possible, data for all years except 2024 have been finalized for publication in the U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Volume I - Metals and Minerals; otherwise the data are noted as estimated. Data were checked to ensure that they match those published in the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. Data were peer reviewed by Mineral Commodity Specialists and approved by supervisors in compliance with USGS fundamental science practices. This data release contains tabular data found in the associated publication Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 (MCS 2025); additional detailed information is available in the full text version of MCS 2025. National Minerals Information Center 2024 2023 publication https://www.usgs.gov/centers/national-minerals-information-center/minerals-yearbook-metals-and-minerals Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 2023 ground condition MYB Vol I Source of salient statistics for 2020 through 2023 and basis for estimates for 2024. The data in the Minerals Yearbook are based on USGS surveys sent to companies involved in the industry for each mineral commodity. U.S. Census Bureau 2024 tabular digital data https://usatrade.census.gov/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 2024 ground truth Census trade statistics for 2020 through 2023 and basis of trade statistics estimates for 2024 Salient statistics for each mineral commodity were compiled from published 2023 U.S. Geological Survey Minerals Yearbook Volume I - Metals and Minerals chapters or from finalized tables of those to be published. Data for 2024 were estimated based on available 2024 data and industry trends. Estimates for world production were made for 2024 in collaboration with USGS National Minerals Information Center Global Minerals Analysis specialists using best available data. MYB Vol I Census 2024 mcs2025-raree_salient.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined DataSource Publication containing the data. Producer Defined MCS2025 Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 Producer defined Commodity Mineral commodity for which the data were compiled. Producer Defined Rare Earths Data in metric tons of rare-earth-oxide (REO) equivalent unless otherwise noted. Data include lanthanides and yttrium but exclude most scandium. See also Scandium and Yttrium chapters. Producer defined Year Year for which the data were compiled. Producer Defined 2020 2024 USprod_Concentrate_t U.S. production: Mineral concentrates. Excludes monazite concentrates for 2021–2024. Data are estimated for all years. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons USprod_Compounds-Metals_t U.S. production: Compounds and metals. Data are estimated for all years. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Imports_Compounds_t Imports: Compounds. REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated for all years. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Imports_Alloys_t Imports: Metals: Ferrocerium, alloys. REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated for all years. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Imports_Metals_t Imports: Metals: Rare-earth metals, scandium, and yttrium. REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated for all years. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Exports_Ores-Compounds_t Exports: Ores and compounds. REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated for all years. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Exports_Alloys_t Exports: Metals: Ferrocerium, alloys. REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated for all years. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Exports_Metals_t Exports: Metals: Rare-earth metals, scandium, and yttrium. REO equivalent or content of various materials were estimated for all years. Source: U.S. Census Bureau. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Consump_Compounds-Metals_t Consumption: Apparent, compounds and metals. Defined as production + imports – exports. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 metric tons Price_CeO2_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Cerium oxide, 99.5% minimum. Source: Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Price_Dy2O3_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Dysprosium oxide, 99.5% minimum. Source:Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Price_Eu2O3_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Europium oxide, 99.99% minimum. Source: Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Price_La2O3_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Lanthanum oxide, 99.5% minimum. Source:Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Price_Mischmetal_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Mischmetal, 65% cerium, 35% lanthanum. Source: Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Price_Nd2O3_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Neodymium oxide, 99.5% minimum. Source: Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Price_TbO2_dkg Price: Average, dollars per kilogram: Terbium oxide, 99.99% minimum. Source: Argus Media group, Argus Non-ferrous Markets. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 dollars per kilogram Employment_num Employment: Mine and mill, annual average, number. Data are estimated for the most recent year. Producer Defined 0 1000000000 number NIR_Compounds-Metals_t Net import reliance as a percentage of apparent consumption: Compounds and metals. Net import reliance is defined as imports – exports. In 2020–2022, all domestic production of mineral concentrates was exported or held in inventory, and all compounds and metals consumed were assumed to be imported material. Data are estimated for the most recent year Producer Defined E, >95 E: Net Exporter, >95: Greater than 90% net import reliant Producer defined E 100 percentage NIR_Concentrate_t Net import reliance as a percentage of apparent consumption: Mineral concentrates. Net import reliance is defined as imports – exports. In 2020–2022, all domestic production of mineral concentrates was exported or held in inventory, and all compounds and metals consumed were assumed to be imported material. Data are estimated for the most recent year Producer Defined E Net exporter Producer defined E 100 percentage Two CSV files were produced from the data published in the Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025. One includes U.S. Salient Statistics for production, consumption, trade, and other data pertinent to RARE EARTHS for the years 2020 to 2024. The other includes world RARE EARTHS production totals for countries that had production in 2023 and (or) 2024. Companion data for RARE EARTHS data sheet of Mineral Commodity Summaries 2025 GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13XCP3R None 20250408 U.S. Geological Survey, Northeast Region Robert M Callaghan Physical Scientist mailing address

Mail Stop 989, 12201 Sunrise Valley Dr

Reston VA 20192 US 703-648-7709 703-648-7757 rcallaghan@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998