Rebecca S.M. O'Brien Jason R. Carmignani Graziella V. DiRenzo Rebecca M. Quiñones Jennifer B. Rogers Allison H. Roy 20250618 publication https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HZTMZ Rebecca S.M. O'Brien Jason Carmignani Graziella V. DiRenzo Rebecca M. Quiñones Jennifer B. Rogers Allison H. Roy 20250103 publication This data release includes the data associated with the manuscript "Freshwater mussel distribution and catchment prioritization for mussel conservation in the Northeastern United States." It describes native freshwater mussel distribution data for Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Connecticut as well as catchment priority scores for different conservation activities. The data release also includes some data to enable better understanding of the models used in the associated manuscript such as model standard deviations and model parameter permutation importance values. We used the known mussel occurrence data reported here to predict species occurrence throughout our area of interest based on corresponding geographic, climate, and land use variables. We also assessed geographic conservation priorities for species surveys, reintroduction, and land protection. Our priority scores should be used to help guide freshwater mussel management decisions in the Northeastern U.S. 18410615 20220915 ground condition Complete None planned Northeastern United States -73.6857 -67.0094 47.3254 41.0274 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota elevation inlandWaters environment farming USGS mussels freshwater stream river unionidae Lentic Lotic Aquatic MaxEnt USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:677728fed34ee88ba0b15b25 None Northeast Connecticut Vermont Rhode Island Maine New Hampshire Massachusetts United States None Alasmidonta undulata Alasmidonta varicosa Utterbackiana implicata Elliptio complanata Lampsilis cariosa Atlanticoncha ochracea Alasmidonta heterodon Lampsilis radiata Sagittunio nasutus Margaritifera margaritifera Pyganodon cataracta Strophitus undulatus Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Protostomia Superphylum Spiralia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Autobranchia Infraclass Heteroconchia Order Unionida Superfamily Unionoidea Family Unionidae Subfamily Unioninae Tribe Anodontini Genus Alasmidonta Species Alasmidonta undulata TSN: 79919 Species Alasmidonta varicosa TSN: 79920 Genus Utterbackiana Species Utterbackiana implicata TSN: 1216715 Genus Prolasmidonta Species Prolasmidonta heterodon Genus Pyganodon Species Pyganodon cataracta TSN: 568176 Genus Strophitus Species Strophitus undulatus TSN: 80151 Subfamily Ambleminae Tribe Pleurobemini Genus Elliptio Species Elliptio complanata TSN: 79952 Tribe Lampsilini Genus Lampsilis Species Lampsilis cariosa TSN: 79991 Species Lampsilis radiata TSN: 79994 Genus Atlanticoncha Species Atlanticoncha ochracea TSN: 1216616 Genus Sagittunio Species Sagittunio nasutus TSN: 1216671 Family Margaritiferidae Subfamily Margaritiferinae Genus Margaritifera Species Margaritifera margaritifera TSN: 80371 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. This data is consolidated to a catchment scale to protect the precise locations of the studied species. Graziella DRenzo mailing

Box 34220

Amherst MA 01003-4220 USA 413-545-4888 gdirenzo@umass.edu The following state agencies collected the mussel occurrence data: Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife, Vermont Department of Fish and Wildlife, Vermont Department of Environmental Conservation, Maine Department of Inland Fisheries & Wildlife, Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management, Connecticut Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, and New Hampshire Fish and Game Department. Analysis was completed on Windows 11 26100.2605 using R 4.3.1 R Core Team (2024). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. <https://www.R-project.org/>. . Data is consolidated to a HUC12 or Catchment watershed scale. Mussel occurrence records have been modified to place all species occurrence records in the center of the catchment to protect the location of sensitive species. Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The data falls within expected geographic ranges, does not contain duplicates, and is reasonable. This data is limited to surveys conducted between 1841 and 2022 in six Northeastern US states: Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. We eliminated any non-native species as well as eight species of mussel that were found exclusively in the Lake Champlain basin. McKay, L. Bondelid, T. Dewald, T. Johnston, J. Moore, R. Rea, A. 20120101 2 raster digital data NHDPlus V2 https://www.epa.gov/waterdata/nhdplus-national-hydrography-dataset-plus Digital and/or Hardcopy 20120101 publication date NHDV2 Used to determine hydrogeographic boundaries as well as to determine the environmental characteristics of some watersheds. USDA Forest Service Office of Sustainability and Climate 20220101 tabular digital data https://storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/6a6be7d624db41638a24b659305af522 Digital and/or Hardcopy 19770101 20060101 publication date USFS flow metric data Used to determine environmental characteristics of catchments Ryan A. Hill Marc H. Weber Scott G. Leibowitz Anthony R. Olsen Darren J. Thornbrugh 20151208 publication n/a JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association volume 52 issue 1 ppg. 120-128 https://doi.org/10.1111/1752-1688.12372 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20150101 publication date StreamCat Used to determine environmental characteristics of catchments Jon Dewitz 20210101 dataset NLCD 3 https://www.sciencebase.gov U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/p9kzcm54 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20190101 publication date NLCD Used to determine landcover of catchments Benjamin H. Letcher Daniel J. Hocking Kyle O’Neil Andrew R. Whiteley Keith H. Nislow Matthew J. O’Donnell 20160229 publication n/a PeerJ PeerJ vol. 4 ppg. e1727 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.1727 Digital and/or Hardcopy 18660101 20210101 publication date EcoSheds This modeled stream temperature was used as environmental variable in our MaxEnt models U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau U.S. Department of Commerce (DOC) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) National Geodetic Survey (NGS) ESRI 20220627 raster digital data https://www.arcgis.com/home/item.html?id=8c2d6d7df8fa4142b0a1211c8dd66903 Digital and/or Hardcopy 20220101 ground condition USA States Used to add state boundaries to figures Jennifer B. Rogers Graziella V. DiRenzo Rebecca S.M. O'Brien Rebecca M. Quiñones Todd Richards Allison Roy 00000000 tabular digital data This data release is in preparation for submission. Digital and/or Hardcopy 20220101 20800101 publication date Climate change distribution This was used to determine species resilience for catchment prioritization Jennifer B. Rogers Graziella V. DiRenzo Rebecca O'Brien Rebecca M. Quiñones Todd Richards Allison H. Roy 20240103 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/xxxxxxxx Digital and/or Hardcopy 19491101 20211201 publication date Host fish The distributions of relevant host fish from this dataset were incorporated into our model. We contacted fish and wildlife agencies throughout six states in the Northeastern U.S and requested mussel survey records. We received data from eight fish and wildlife agencies including an original total of 6390 surveys. 20240103 We eliminated any non-native species as well as eight species of mussel that were found exclusively in the Lake Champlain basin. 20241119 For the purposes of this data release all species occurrence data has been modified to place the occurrence in the center of the catchment. 20241111 To calculate catchment prioritization scores we used a combination of MaxEnt predictions of species occurrence and environmental data. Binary presence/absence of species was determined using a threshold that was individually determined for each species. Standard deviations were determined using k-fold cross validation (k=10). See the manuscript associated with this data release for further details. 20241111 Vector Entity point 31325 0.0197299798 0.0273686323 Decimal seconds North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 mussel_event.shp Attribute Table Shape file of mussel survey events (consolidated to huc12 level and relocated to huc12 centroid.) Producer Defined FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Shape type. UID Unique ID identifying each occurrence survey Producer Defined Unique ID identifying each occurrence survey state State name Producer Defined CT Connecticut Producer defined MA Massachusetts Producer defined ME Maine Producer defined RI Rhode Island Producer defined VT Vermont Producer defined NH New Hampshire Producer defined date Date of survey record Producer Defined Date of survey record year-month-date project Project that resulted in data record Producer Defined Names assigned to the projects that contributed data to the mussel occurrence database source The individual, agency, or other source of the mussel occurrence data Producer Defined The individual, agency, or other source of the mussel occurrence data waterbody Waterbody name (redacted) Producer Defined This is the name of the waterbody in which the mussel was found. This value has been redacted to obscure the locations of sensitive mussel species. waterbody2 Waterbody type based on definition scheme 1 (not used) Producer Defined lotic lotic waterbody type Producer defined lentic lentic waterbody type Producer defined waterbody3 Waterbody type based on definition scheme 2 (used in calculations) Producer Defined Lotic lotic waterbody type Producer defined Lentic lentic waterbody type Producer defined Binary.shp Attribute Table Table containing species predicted presence or absence in each catchment based on the results of our MaxEnt model and the maximum sensitivity and specificity threshold Producer Defined FID Internal feature number. ESRI Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Shape Feature geometry. ESRI Shape type. COMID A unique id (COmmon IDentifier) for each NHD catchment Producer Defined 179.0 932010376.0 cmmn_nm Common name of mussel species Producer Defined alewife floater Utterbackiana implicata Producer defined brook floater Alasmidonta varicosa Producer defined creeper Strophitus undulatus Producer defined dwarf wedgemussel Alasmidonta heterodon Producer defined eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata Producer defined eastern floater Pyganodon cataracta Producer defined eastern lampmussel Lampsilis radiata Producer defined eastern pondmussel Sagittunio nasutus Producer defined eastern pearlshell Margaritifera margaritifera Producer defined triangle floater Alasmidonta undulata Producer defined tidewater mucket Atlanticoncha ochracea Producer defined yellow lampmussel Lampsilis cariosa Producer defined prob Probability of species occurrence within the catchment Producer Defined 2.43664e-10 1.0 occrrnc Binary presence/absence based on threshold probability of occurrence Producer Defined 0 Species is not predicted to occur Producer defined 1 Species is predicted to occur Producer defined GRIDCOD The value stored in the grid cell; a unique, compact identification number for a NHDFlowline Super catchment; Producer Defined 1658574.0 1877350.0 SOURCEF Source Feature Class Producer Defined NHDFlowline feature class source is NHDFlowline Producer defined AreSqKM Area in square kilometers Producer Defined 0.0009 691.7346 SD.csv standard deviation of species predicted occurrence. Created through k-fold cross validation (k=10) Producer Defined x Longitude Producer Defined -73.72648 -66.88587500 y Latitude Producer Defined 40.95224 47.45744300 YL Yellow lampmussel standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.28238741 TF Triangle floater standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.26310334 TM Tidewater mucket standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.27990240 EPR Eastern Pearlshell standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.14284761 EP Eastern Pondmussel standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.17693959 EL Eastern lampmussel standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.06851032 EF Eastern floater standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.06355831 EE Eastern elliptio standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.04058655 DW Dwarf wedgemussel standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.12933592 C Creeper standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.16245073 BF Brook floater standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.31121790 AF Alewife floater standard deviation Producer Defined 0 0.17183763 mussel_occurrence_pres.csv Mussel occurrence (positive occurrence only) data Producer Defined UID Unique ID identifying each occurrence survey Producer Defined Unique ID identifying each occurrence survey common_name Species common name Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined The common names of each mussel species scientific_name Species scientific name Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined The scientific names of each mussel species live_occurrence live occurrence detected Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 1 Yes, live species detected Producer defined 0 Live species recorded as NOT detected Producer defined NA No record of species occurrence or absence Producer defined shell_occurrence Shell or deceased specimen occurrence Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 1 Shell or deceased individual occurrence recorded Producer defined NA No recorded occurrence or absence Producer defined 0 Shell or deceased individual recorded as NOT occurring Producer defined PermutationImportOnly.csv Permutation importance of variables used in the MaxEnt model Producer Defined Scientific name Species scientific name Producer Defined Species scientific name Common_me Species common name Producer Defined The species common name KFFACTerosion A relative index of susceptibility of bare, cultivated soil to particle detachment and transport by rainfall Producer Defined 0.0362 7.6217 LakesRast Average lentic system volume Producer Defined 0.0 2.0226 Lo7Q1Dtdatminflow Average date of the center of the lowest 7-day flow of the year Producer Defined 0.0 25.7191 Occraster1 Average summed probability of occurrence of any fish species Producer Defined 0.0 1.4282 PctAg_cat2 Percent of the catchment classified as pasture/hay land or row crop. Producer Defined 0.0738 2.5098 PctImpRp100 Percent of each 30-m pixel classified as impervious anthropogenic materials. Producer Defined 0.0 3.3283 PctOpenWaterCat Percent catchment classified as open water. Producer Defined 0.0 8.3887 PctWetCat Percent of the catchment classified as woody or herbaceous wetland Producer Defined 0.0 4.4651 Slope2 Average slope Producer Defined 0.0026 14.837 Tidal Presence or absence of a tidal influence Producer Defined 0.0 1.8309 W95_Cat2 Average number of daily flows between December 1 and March 31 that exceed the 95th percentile of daily flows across the entire year Producer Defined 0.1542 8.5179 WatershedArea2 Watershed area Producer Defined 1.1027 68.8316 damraster1 The number of dams within the HUC12 divided by the area of the HUC 12 Producer Defined 0.0754 8.9549 layer Known record of focal species occurrence within the encompassing HUC8 based on our dataset. Producer Defined 3.5157 86.2292 meanSumTemp Annual mean stream temp (Jun 1st to August 31st) for the survey year Producer Defined 0.0164 1.8037 pForestCat Percent deciduous, coniferous and/or mixed forest in the catchment. Producer Defined 0.6161 14.3356 EP_host Proportional abundance of eastern pondmussel host fish:Perca flavescens, Micropterus nigricans, Lepomis macrochirus, Lepomis gibbosus, Lepomis auritus Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.9215 0.9215 EPR_host Proportional abundance of eastern pearlshell host fish: Salmo trutta, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Salmo salar, and Salvelinus fontinalis Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 4.699 4.699 TM_host Proportional abundance of tidewater mucket host fish: Morone americana Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.4738 0.4738 YL_host Proportional abundance of yellow lampmussel host fish:orone americana and Perca flavescens Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 2.6356 2.6356 Priority12.csv Conservation action priority rankings at the huc12 level Producer Defined huc12_tnmid HUC12 identification code Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined HUC12 identification code richness12 Species richness per huc12 Producer Defined -inf 12.0 Survey12P Priority score for surveys for each huc12 Producer Defined -inf 1.0 PriorityBF Priority score for brook floater reintroduction for each huc12 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.00384727954186218 1.98000036839501 PriorityEP Priority score for eastern pondmussel reintroduction for each huc12 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.00589898429581162 1.6817858461798 PriorityTM Priority score for tidewater mucket reintroduction for each huc12 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.00384727954186218 1.93822541109779 PriorityYL Priority score for yellow lampmussel reintroduction for each huc12 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0411325676353166 1.93822541109779 PriorityDW Priority score for dwarf wedgemussel reintroduction for each huc12 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0.0411325676353166 1.98484987616324 Protection12P Protection score for each huc12 Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.105147990311494 1.07037423309051 PriorityCatch.csv Priority for all conservation actions for each catchment Producer Defined COMID A unique id (COmmon IDentifier) for each NHD catchment Producer Defined 179 932010376 richness Total number of focal mussel species predicted to occur Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 12 RSGCNrichness Total number of RSGCN listed species predicted to occur Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined 0 7 SurveyPriority Survey priority score Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -1.0 1.0 PriorityBF Priority score for reintroducing brook floater Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.999999133109424 1.99999862768915 PriorityEP Priority score for reintroducing eastern pondmussel Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.99999883120074 1.99989849127606 PriorityTM Priority score for reintroducing tidewater mucket Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.999998988125472 1.99999839352986 PriorityYL Priority score for reintroducing yellow lampmussel Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.999998988125472 1.99999839352986 PriorityDW Priority score for reintroducing dwarf wedgemussel Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.99999883120074 1.99989849127606 ReintroductionPriority Priority score for reintroducing any species Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -1.0 1.99999862768915 ProtectionPriority Priority score for land protection Producer Defined << empty cell >> No Data Producer defined -0.53583283001684 1.68892598731139 Mussel_traits.csv Mussel RSGCN status Producer Defined common_name Species common name Producer Defined Mussel species common name RSGCN Regional Species of greatest conservation need status according to Terwilliger Consulting, 2023 Producer Defined Low Low conservation need Producer defined Very High Very high conservation need Producer defined High High conservation need Producer defined Moderate Moderate conservation need Producer defined GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13HZTMZ None 20250618 Graziella Direnzo mailing and physical

160 Holdsworth Way

Ahmerst MA 01003 413.545.4895 aroy@eco.umass.edu FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999