Craig J. Brown Lisa V. Lucas Dale M. Robertson Nancy T. Baker Zachary C. Johnson Christopher T. Green Se Jong Cho Melinda L. Erickson Allen C. Gellis Jeramy R. Jasmann Noah Knowles Andreas F. Prein Paul E. Stackelberg 20250314 version 2402 spreadsheet Reston, VA U.S. Geological Survey Lucas, L.V., Brown, C.J., Robertson, D.M., Baker, N.T., Johnson, Z.C., Green, C.T., Cho, S.J., Erickson, M.L., Gellis, A.C., Jasmann, J.R., Knowles, N., Prein, A.F., Stackelberg, P.E., 2025, Gaps in Water-Quality Modeling of Hydrologic Systems: Water, v. xx, . https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GTPTF Lisa V. Lucas Craig J. Brown Dale M. Robertson Nancy T. Baker Zachary C. Johnson Christopher T. Green Se Jong Cho Melinda L. Erickson Allen C. Gellis Jeramy R. Jasman Noah Knowles Andreas F. Prein Paul E. Stackelberg 2025 publication Water MDPI https://www.mdpi.com/journal/water This dataset provides detailed information on availability of model resources (including models and datasets) that support the modeling of six key water-quality constituents (or constituent categories) across the hydrologic system. In addition, resources associated with nine “cross-cutting” topics for modeling water quality are included, with “cross-cutting” defined herein as having relevance to more than one constituent. The model and data resources were generated as a companion product to a related publication (Lucas and others, 2025) that identifies gaps in water-quality modeling capabilities needed for assessments, projections, and evaluation of management alternatives to support ecosystem health and human beneficial use of water resources. Multiple spreadsheet tables include modeling resources for contemporary and representative models that represent an extensive but not exhaustive list; the models or datasets within each worksheet are presented in terms of the model or data source type, relevant hydrologic compartment(s), and software availability (defined at the bottom of each worksheet). Models originating in government, academia, non-governmental organizations, and private industry were considered. We emphasize models that are widely used, open source, and representative of the state of the art; additionally, models were included that are published in the literature and (or) for which documentation is easily available on the internet. This data release includes the metadata and the modeling capabilities workbook, “WQ_Models_Tables_1-14.xlsx” that includes a cross-cutting topics overview tab and the following cross-cutting topics worksheets: Table 1–Climate Forcing Datasets; Table 2–(Bio)geochemical Modeling; Table 3–Watershed Modeling; Table 4–River Modeling; Table 5–Lake and Reservoir Modeling; Table 6–Reservoir Operations and Outflow Modeling; Table 7–Estuary Modeling; Table 8–Groundwater Modeling; Table 9–Water Reuse Modeling; and a constituents tables overview tab and the following constituents worksheets: Table 10–Water Temperature; Table 11–Salinity; Table 12–Nutrients; Table 13–Sediment; Table 14–Geologically Sourced Constituents. This inventory of modeling resources (including models and datasets) is intended to support the modeling of key water-quality constituent groups (and cross cutting topics relevant to more than one constituent) across the hydrologic system. The model and data resources were generated as a companion product to a related publication (Lucas and others, 2025) that identifies gaps in water-quality modeling capabilities. 20220201 20241231 publication date Complete None planned -180.0000 180.0000 90.0000 -90.0000 ISO 19115 Topic Category climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere biota None Biogeochemical modeling Watershed modeling Climate forcing data River modeling Lake and reservoir modeling Reservoir operations modeling Estuary modeling Groundwater modeling Water reuse modeling Water temperature Salinity Nutrients Sediment Geologically sourced constituents USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:67583f0bd34ebb495ab012ec None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. These data are marked with a Creative Common CC0 1.0 Universal License. These data are in the public domain and do not have any use constraints. Craig Brown USGS - Northeast Region Research Hydrologist (Geol) mailing and physical

339 Main St

New Eng CT Office

East Hartford CT 06108 USA 860-291-6766 cjbrown@usgs.gov Not applicable-- the Information provided herein is referenced from previous publications or internet resources for models or datasets. Not applicable The informational resources provided herein are associated with existing water-quality models and datasets and are not reflective of phenomenon or within a fixed geographic area. Not applicable Not applicable The model and data resources were generated as a companion product to a related publication (Lucas and others, 2025) that identifies gaps in water-quality modeling capabilities needed for assessments, projections, and evaluation of management alternatives to support ecosystem health and human beneficial use of water resources. The compilations of the model and data resources for the cross-cutting topics and parameters were divided up among the authors based on technical expertise. Reference Lucas, L.V., Brown, C.J., Robertson, D.M., Baker, N.T., Johnson, Z.C., Green, C.T., Cho, S.J., Erickson, M.L., Gellis, A.C., Jasmann, J.R., Knowles, N., Prein, A.,F., Stackelberg, P.E., 2025, Gaps in water quality modeling of Hydrologic Systems: Water, v. xx. 20230601 Lisa Lucas USGS - WATER Research General Engineer mailing and physical

NASA AMES- Moffett Field,Moffett Field - Building 19

Moffett Field CA 94035 650-329-4588 llucas@usgs.gov WQ_Model_Resources_DR.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data for Tables 2-14 Producer Defined Model/ data source type The type of model/dataset or process(es)/influence(s) being modeled or described. Producer Defined The type of model/dataset or process(es)/influence(s) being modeled or described. Hydrologic compartments Components of the hydrologic cycle relevant to water-quality modeling for this study. Producer Defined Components or parts of the hydrologic cycle. Existing models/tools (examples) Examples of models (or in some cases datasets) that exist to do the job described in column A. This is not to be taken as an exhaustive inventory. Producer Defined Example(s) of models or data sets associated with model or data source type described in column A. Model reference/ link References or links relevant to that model. Producer Defined References or links relevant to the model or dataset. Software availability Availability of the model code. Producer Defined Open-source Source code is freely available; the code is programmable and modifiable but requires programming skills to understand and use effectively. Producer defined Free executable, no source code An executable model is a compiled version of a model that can be run directly on a computer without needing to access or interpret the underlying source code. Producer defined Proprietary Model that is owned by an individual or a company and is protected by intellectual property rights. Producer defined Open-source to limited partners Source code is available for viewing, modification, and distribution, but only to a select group of individuals or entities, referred to as "limited partners." Producer defined Free executable (with author citation) An executable model is a compiled version of a model that can be run directly on a computer without needing to access or interpret the underlying source code. In this case, use of the executable model is free, provided the model author is cited by the user. Producer defined Free Executable (with author permission) An executable model is a compiled version of a model that can be run directly on a computer without needing to access or interpret the underlying source code. In this case, use of the executable model is free, provided the user acquires permission from the model author. Producer defined Open source (for research) Source code is freely available; the code is programmable and modifiable but requires programming skills to understand and use effectively, and must be used for research purposes only. Producer defined Alternate data sources Optional field that provides additional model or data resources. Producer Defined null No alternate data sources Producer defined Optional field for text that provides additional model or data resources. Comments Additional relevant information. Producer Defined null There are no comments. Producer defined Additional comments or relevant information. WQ_Model_Resources_DR.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data for Table 1. Producer Defined Dataset Meteorological and climatic forcings datasets necessary for simulations of for simulations of hydrology, hydrodynamics, and water quality. Producer Defined CONUS404 A unique, high-resolution hydro-climate dataset appropriate for forcing hydrological models and conducting meteorological analysis over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Uses Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). Produces over 200 variables. Historical sims in progress. Ultimately future climate scenarios. Accurate reproduction of historic weather events, mesoscale convective systems, intradaily temperature and pressure. Producer defined ERA5 ERA5 is the fifth generation ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) atmospheric reanalysis of the global climate covering the period from January 1940 to present. It is produced by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S). ERA5 provides hourly estimates of a large number of atmospheric, land, and oceanic climate variables. Producer defined AORC (Analysis of Record) The Analysis of Record for Calibration (AORC) is a high-resolution dataset of near-surface weather conditions covering the continental United States and Alaska and their hydrologically contributing areas. It is a composite of ground-based observations, remote sensing data, and model-based reanalysis. Producer defined CMIP The Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) is a collaborative framework designed to improve knowledge of climate change, organized in 1995 by the Working Group on Coupled Modelling (WGCM) of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Producer defined LOCA (Localized Constructed Analogs) LOCA (Localized Constructed Analogs) is a statistical downscaling technique that uses past history to add improved fine-scale detail to global climate models. It produces downscaled estimates suitable for hydrological simulations using a multi-scale spatial matching scheme to pick appropriate analog days from observations. Producer defined MACA (Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs) MACA (Multivariate Adaptive Constructed Analogs) is a statistical method for downscaling Global Climate Models (GCMs) from their native coarse resolution to a higher spatial resolution that captures reflects observed patterns of daily near-surface meteorology and simulated changes in GCMs experiments. Producer defined GRIDMET GridMET is a dataset of daily high-spatial resolution (about 4 kilometers, 1/24th degree) surface meteorological data covering the contiguous United States from 1979 to yesterday. Producer defined PRISM Parameter-elevation Regressions on Independent Slopes Model (PRISM) is a climate analysis system that uses point data, a digital elevation model (DEM), and other spatial datasets to generate gridded estimates of annual, monthly and event-based climatic parameters. Producer defined Livneh Livneh is a hydrometeorological dataset that consists of gridded daily and monthly precipitation, maximum and minimum air temperature, and wind speed for the continental U.S., southern Canada, and Mexico for the period 1950-2013. Producer defined NLDAS The North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) is a system used to construct quality-controlled, and spatially and temporally consistent, land-surface model (LSM) datasets from the best available observations and reanalyses to support modeling activities. Specifically, this system is intended to reduce the errors in the stores of soil moisture and energy which are often present in numerical weather prediction models, and which degrade the accuracy of forecasts. Producer defined NCA-LDAS National Climate Assessment Land Data Assimilation System National Climate Assessment (NCA) and Land Data Assimilation Systems (LDAS) were developed to produce high quality fields of land surface states (e.g., soil moisture, temperature) and fluxes (e.g., evapotranspiration, runoff) by integrating satellite- and ground-based observational data products, using advanced land surface modeling and data assimilation techniques. [NCL-LDAS is primarily focused on climate applications whereas NLDAS is focused on near real time hydrologic applications.] Producer defined NCEP-DOE Reanalyses National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and the Department of Energy (DOE) Reanalysis are global, gridded reanalysis projects and are initialized with source data from surface level instruments, upper air balloons, aircraft, and satellites. Producer defined DAYMET Daymet provides long-term, continuous, gridded estimates of daily weather and climatology variables by interpolating and extrapolating ground-based observations through statistical modeling techniques. Producer defined NARR The North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) is a model produced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) that generates reanalyzed data for temperature, wind, moisture, soil, and dozens of other parameters. Producer defined CORDEX The Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) is a program sponsored by World Climate Research Program (WCRP) to develop an improved framework for generating regional-scale climate projections for impact assessment and adaptation studies worldwide. Producer defined MERRA 2 The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) is a reanalysis designed to produce an improved representation of the Earth’s hydrologic cycle. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Producer defined Hydrologic compartments Components of the hydrologic cycle relevant to water-quality modeling for this study. Producer Defined Hydrologic compartments I. Atmosphere Producer defined Approach Approach or method used to develop the dataset. Producer Defined Approach or method used to develop the dataset. Model implemented Model used (if any) in developing the dataset. Producer Defined Model used (if any) in developing the dataset. Spatial domain Spatial extent of the dataset. Producer Defined Spatial extent of the dataset. Temporal domain Temporal extent of the dataset. Producer Defined Range of time represented by the dataset. Dataset reference/ link References or links relevant to the dataset. Producer Defined References or links relevant to the dataset. Data availability Accessibility of the dataset (if known). Producer Defined Publicly available Dataset is available to the public. Producer defined Spatial resolution Spatial resolution of the dataset. Producer Defined Spatial resolution of the dataset. Temporal resolution Temporal frequency of the data. Producer Defined Temporal resolution of the dataset. Comments Additional relevant information. Producer Defined Additional relevant information or references. U.S. Geological Survey - ScienceBase mailing address

Denver Federal Center

Building 810

Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13GTPTF None 20250314 Craig Brown USGS - Northeast Region Research Hydrologist (Geol) mailing and physical

New Eng CT Office-Goodwin, 339 Main St

East Hartford CT 06118-0000 USA 860-291-6766 cjbrown@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998