Andrew P. Teeple 20250626 tabular and raster digital data Denver, Colorado U.S. Geological Survey This dataset is a subset of Teeple, A.P., Lucena, Z., Payne, J.D., Fetkovich, E.J., Mashburn, S.L., and Dale, I.A., 2025, Data used for the characterization of the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site near Bristow, Oklahoma, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6 Andrew P. Teeple Zulimar Lucena Christopher L. Braun Evin J. Fetkovich Isaac A. Dale Shana L. Mashburn 2025 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255042 The Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site (hereinafter referred to as “the site”) was formerly an oil refinery in northeast of Bristow in Creek County, Oklahoma. Historical refinery operations contaminated the soil, surface water, streambed sediments, alluvium, and groundwater with refined and stored products at the site. The Wilcox and Lorraine process areas are where the highest concentrations of volatile organic compounds, semivolatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and trace elements (including metals) (collectively hereinafter referred to as “contaminants”) were measured in a local shallow perched groundwater system within the alluvium (hereinafter referred to as the “alluvial aquifer”) at the site during previous site assessments. In order to understand the potential migration of contaminants through the soil and groundwater in these areas, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, investigated aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the site to (1) document hydraulic conductivity and other aquifer characteristics of the alluvial aquifer that govern contaminant fate and transport, (2) describe the geospatial extent and concentration of the contaminants in the alluvial aquifer in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas, and (3) describe the geochemical controls pertaining to oxidation and reduction governing the fate and transport and the degradation potential of contaminants in the groundwater. This data release documents the data that were collected and briefly describes how they were used to characterize the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system. Refer to the companion larger work citation (Teeple and others, 2025) for the complete description and data analyses. In January and August 2022, surface geophysical resistivity data were collected to characterize the sediments and their extents in the shallow groundwater system. Two methods were utilized: frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT). Twenty new groundwater monitoring wells were installed at the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site in October 2022, to enable the collection of additional data at locations of interest to supplement data collected from older groundwater monitoring wells and piezometers. An electrical conductivity log and a core sample were collected at each groundwater monitoring well installation location to better understand and correlate observations in the subsurface and more accurately determine contamination zones. This dataset includes the combined resistivity values of the surface geophysical data and the electrical conductivity logs and grid results. These data were used to evaluate selected attributes of the hydrogeologic framework of the shallow groundwater system including the geospatial extents of hydrogeologic units, bed orientations, hydrogeologic unit thicknesses, and their outcrop and subcrop locations in the study area. 20220131 20221208 ground condition Complete None planned -96.388300 -96.380000 35.845200 35.838600 ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation USGS Thesaurus geospatial analysis kriging visualization methods electrical resistivity logging electromagnetic surveying electrical resistivity imaging data integration scientific interpretation conceptual modeling geospatial datasets hydrogeology lithostratigraphy geophysics unconsolidated deposits petroleum geologic contacts stratigraphic thickness industrial pollution None Superfund Wilcox Oil Company benzene aquifer characterization hydrogeologic framework frequency domain electromagnetic USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:675223f3d34e5c4500cf478e Geographic Names Information System Bristow Oklahoma Creek County None. Please refer to the "Distribution Info" section for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center Public Information Officer U.S. Geological Survey mailing and physical

1505 Ferguson Lane

Austin TX 78754 USA 512-927-3500 otpublicinfo@usgs.gov Comma Separated Values (.csv) files are provided. These text files can be opened by any text editor. The operating system and software used to open, view, and manipulate the files included in this data release are as follows: Microsoft Windows 10 Enterprise (Version 22H2 Build 19045.3086 Experience Pack 1000.19041.1000.0) Microsoft Excel for Microsoft 365 MSO (Version 2208 Build 16.0.15601.20698) 32-bit ConvertToRinex (Version 3.1.4.0) Geophex, Ltd. WinGEMv3 (Version 3,0,0,14) IRIS Instruments Prosys II (Version 03.13.04) Aarhus Geosoftware Res2dinvx64 (Version 4.10) Geosoft Oasis montaj standard edition (Version 2022.2 [20221207.28]). All feature attribute values were peer reviewed. Refer to the "Methodology" and "Process Step" sections found within the "Lineage" part of the "Data Quality Information" section for a description of the quality assurance and quality control steps performed on the dataset. Values were checked for correct data types. All data match the information provided by their associated metadata and reported values fall within the expected ranges. The dataset was assessed for the presence or absence of relevant data. The dataset is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Groundwater monitoring well locations were recorded from static real-time kinematic global positioning system occupations and processed by using rapid-static processing from the Online Positioning User Service (National Geodetic Survey, 2024) and Trimble's CenterPoint RTX post-processing (Trimble Inc., 2024) technology. The reported horizontal positional accuracies ranged between 0.02 to 0.73 feet. Horizontal locations associated with soil cores and rapid optical screening tool (ROST) measurements that were drilled or measured prior to the investigation described herein were reported from various sources. The determination of data position varies between sources. Horizontal positional accuracy can range from a few feet to 10's of feet. A data correlation process was performed during the gridding process in an attempt to identify data soil cores and ROST measurements with poor horizontal positional accuracy, but it is possible that not all outlying data were removed from the dataset. Horizontal positions were recorded from a real-time kinematic global positioning system survey for the electrical resistivity tomography profile electrode positions and a differential global positioning system for the continuous data collection of the frequency domain electromagnetic system. Average horizontal positional accuracies from real-time kinematic global positioning system survey are about 0.4 inches, whereas average horizontal positional accuracies from differential global positioning system are about 4 inches. No formal positional accuracy tests were conducted. Groundwater monitoring well locations were recorded from static real-time kinematic global positioning system occupations and processed by using rapid-static processing from the Online Positioning User Service (National Geodetic Survey, 2024) and Trimble's CenterPoint RTX post-processing (Trimble Inc., 2024) technology. The reported vertical positional accuracies ranged between 0.1 to 1.1 feet. All historical direct-push technology locations (soil cores and rapid optical screening tool measurements) and surface geophysical data were sampled for vertical information from a grid mosaic of a regional digital elevation model from the U.S. Geological Survey's Three-Dimensional Elevation Program (U.S. Geological Survey, 2017). Vertical positional accuracy of the digital elevation model is about 3.04 meters at a 95 percent confidence level in terms of the National Standard for Spatial Data Accuracy but may vary significantly across the study area because of differences in source quality, terrain relief, land cover, and other factors (Gesch and others, 2014). National Geodetic Survey 2024 website https://geodesy.noaa.gov/OPUS/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 20241121 date website was accessed National Geodetic Survey (2024) Online tool that was used to post-process the real-time kinematic global positioning system data. Trimble Inc. 2024 website https://trimblertx.com/UploadForm.aspx Digital and/or Hardcopy 20241121 date website was accessed Trimble Inc. (2024) Online tool that was used to post-process the real-time kinematic global positioning system data. U.S. Geological Survey 2017 raster digital data Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey accessed August 3, 2023; Archuleta, C.M., Constance, E.W., Arundel, S.T., Lowe, A.J., Mantey, K.S., and Phillips, L.A., 2017, The National Map seamless digital elevation model specifications: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 11, chap. B9, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm11B9. https://www.usgs.gov/3d-elevation-program/about-3dep-products-services Digital and/or Hardcopy 2017 ground condition U.S. Geological Survey (2017) Provides download link and information for the digital elevation model data. Gesch, D.B. Oimoen, M.J. Evans, G.A. 2014 publication U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2014-1008 Reston, Virginia U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20141008 Digital and/or Hardcopy 2014 publication date Gesch and others (2014) Provides vertical accuracy information for the digital elevation model data. Seequent 2020 publication accessed August 3, 2023 https://files.seequent.com/MySeequent/technical-papers/topicsingriddingworkshop.pdf Digital and/or Hardcopy 2020 publication date Seequent (2020) Provides information on the kriging method. Seequent 2025 website https://www.seequent.com/products-solutions/oasis-montaj/ Digital and/or Hardcopy 20250326 date website was accessed Seequent (2025) Provides information about the Oasis montaj software package. Land-surface altitudes were determined from the 3D Elevation Program (3DEP) digital elevation model (DEM) for all frequency domain electromagnetic (FDEM) sounding locations and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) electrode locations by using their horizontal coordinates to provide consistency and improve accuracy. Because of the similar depth and resistivity response by the borehole EC logging, FDEM soundings, and ERT profiles, the data were gridded together into a 3D grid by using Oasis montaj (Seequent, 2025) and the 3D-kriging method using the default kriging parameters for an exponential variogram model and a horizontal weighting factor of eight horizontal grid cells to one vertical grid cell (Seequent, 2020). The grid cell size used was a horizontal grid spacing of 5 by 5 m and a vertical spacing of 0.5 ft. For viewing on surface maps, 2D grids can be extracted from the 3D grid. The resistivity grid was iteratively compared to the inverse modeling results to evaluate outliers, grid accuracy, and clustered data. All outlier locations were evaluated through a correlation process to determine data-point uncertainty. The correlation process involved the comparison of gridded resistivity values to the inverse modeling results. Throughout the process, all resistivity values were reviewed and revised as needed to provide the best possible final representation of the inverse modeling results. Seequent (2020) Seequent (2025) 20230525 Andrew P. Teeple U.S. Geological Survey, Southeast Region Hydrologist mailing address

10207-B East 61st Street South

Tulsa OK 74145 US 325-226-0601 apteeple@usgs.gov The resistivity results were compared to the soil-core descriptions, and there appeared to be three major sediment groups: (1) a clay-dominant group; (2) a sand-dominant group; and (3) a clay and sand mix group. It was assumed that resistivity values derived from the combined three-dimensional resistivity model of 100 ohm-meters (ohm-m) represented at least an equal portion of clay and sand and that resistivity values greater than 100 ohm-m represented the sand-dominant group. Resistivity values of the sand-dominant group (resistivity values greater than 100 ohm-m) were extracted from the combined three-dimensional resistivity model to gain a better understanding of the locations of thicker sand layers in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas. Evaluating the mean normalized resistivity values for the sand-dominant parts of the overburden can potentially identify areas that contain a higher percentage of sand and gravel compared to fine-grained sediments. Resistivity values were converted to log values, a mean was calculated, and then the mean log value was recomputed to resistivity to obtain the mean normalized resistivity. 20230721 Andrew P. Teeple U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing address

10207-B East 61St Street

Tulsa OK 74145 US 325-226-0601 apteeple@usgs.gov Raster Grid Cell 70 81 1 Universal Transverse Mercator 14 0.9996 -99.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 row and column 5.0 5.0 meters North_American_Datum_1983 GRS 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101004 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 0.1 feet Explicit elevation coordinate included with horizontal coordinates Wilcox_CombinedRes_data.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing the combined resistivity values obtained from electrical conductivity logging, electrical resistivity tomography, and frequency domain electromagnetic data. Producer Defined Res_source Identifier for the geophysical method used to obtain the resistivity data at the specified data point. Producer Defined ERT Data point is from the electrical resistivity tomography data contained in the Wilcox_ERT_data_final.csv file found in "Surface Geophysical Data" which is a subset of Teeple, A.P., Lucena, Z., Payne, J.D., Fetkovich, E.J., Mashburn, S.L., and Dale, I.A., 2025, Data used for the characterization of the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site near Bristow, Oklahoma, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6. Producer defined FDEM Data point is from the frequency domain electromagnetic data contained in the Wilcox_FDEM_data_final.csv file found in "Surface Geophysical Data" which is a subset of Teeple, A.P., Lucena, Z., Payne, J.D., Fetkovich, E.J., Mashburn, S.L., and Dale, I.A., 2025, Data used for the characterization of the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site near Bristow, Oklahoma, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6. Producer defined Well Data point is from the electrical conductivity logging contained in the Wilcox_Well_Conductivity.csv file found in "Well Installation Data" which is a subset of Teeple, A.P., Lucena, Z., Payne, J.D., Fetkovich, E.J., Mashburn, S.L., and Dale, I.A., 2025, Data used for the characterization of the hydrogeologic framework, groundwater-flow system, geochemistry, and aquifer hydraulic properties of the shallow groundwater system in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site near Bristow, Oklahoma, 2022: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6. Producer defined Source_ID Identifier for the profile or well from which the data point was collected. Producer Defined Identifier for the profile or well from which the data point was collected. Latitude The latitude of the specified data point in decimal degrees based on the World Geodetic System 1984 datum. Producer Defined 35.839995 35.843084 decimal degrees 0.000001 Longitude The longitude of the specified data point in decimal degrees based on the World Geodetic System 1984 datum. Producer Defined -96.386971 -96.382605 decimal degrees 0.000001 Easting The easting in meters of the specified data point based on the North American Datum of 1983 and the Universal Transverse Mercator projection zone 14. Producer Defined 736001.20 736396.43 meters 0.01 Northing The northing in meters of the specified data point based on the North American Datum of 1983 and the Universal Transverse Mercator projection zone 14. Producer Defined 3969357.67 3969698.04 meters 0.01 Altitude The land-surface altitude of the specified data point in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Producer Defined 785.6 811.3 feet 0.1 Res_depth The depth in feet below land surface for the specified data point. Producer Defined -0.1 67.1 feet 0.1 Res_alt The altitude for the specified data point in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Producer Defined 734.8 810.2 feet 0.1 Res_value The resistivity value in ohm-meters for the specified data point. Producer Defined 0.3 50000.0 ohm-meters 0.1 Res_grid The resistivity value in ohm-meters sampled from the three-dimensional resistivity grid for the specified data point. Negative resistivity values occur as a result from the gridding process; the grid tries to best fit the data but may underestimate low values sometimes resulting in negative values. Resistivity values used for gridding were omitted in an attempt to reduce the number of negative or zero grid cells. Producer Defined -16.6 1847.4 ohm-meters 0.1 Res_abslogdiff The absolute difference in ohm-meters between the log-based values of the measured resistivity and the log-based values of the gridded resistivity for the specified data point. Producer Defined -999 Log-based values cannot be calculated for negative or zero resistivity values resulting in no absolute difference being calculated. Producer defined 0.0 3.2 log-based ohm-meters 0.1 Omitted_value Identifier that indicates if the measured resistivity value was used in the development of the three-dimensional resistivity grid. Omitted values typically had associated values for "Res_abslogdiff" equal to or greater than a 0.7 ohm-meters. Producer Defined -- Data point was used in the development of the three-dimensional resistivity grid. Producer defined X Data point was omitted prior to the development of the three-dimensional resistivity grid. Producer defined Wilcox_CombinedRes_grid.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing the three-dimensional resistivity grid results from the combined resistivity values obtained from electrical conductivity logging, electrical resistivity tomography, and frequency domain electromagnetic data. Producer Defined Index Identifier for the gridded data point. Producer Defined 1 511617 unitless 1 Latitude The latitude of the specified gridded data point in decimal degrees based on the World Geodetic System 1984 datum. Producer Defined 35.839932 35.843108 decimal degrees 0.000001 Longitude The longitude of the specified gridded data point in decimal degrees based on the World Geodetic System 1984 datum. Producer Defined -96.387001 -96.382558 decimal degrees 0.000001 Easting The easting in meters of the specified gridded data point based on the North American Datum of 1983 and the Universal Transverse Mercator projection zone 14. Producer Defined 736000 736400 meters 1 Northing The northing in meters of the specified gridded data point based on the North American Datum of 1983 and the Universal Transverse Mercator projection zone 14. Producer Defined 3969355 3969700 meters 1 Grid_alt The altitude for the specified gridded data point in feet above North American Vertical Datum of 1988. Producer Defined 734.5 810.5 feet 0.1 Grid_value The resistivity value in ohm-meters for the specified gridded data point. Negative or zero resistivity values occur as a result from the gridding process; the grid tries to best fit the data but may underestimate low values sometimes resulting in negative or zero values. Resistivity values used for gridding were omitted in an attempt to reduce the number of negative or zero grid cells. Producer Defined -147.3 1908.7 ohm-meters 0.1 Wilcox_OverburdenSand_thick.tif Raster geospatial data file containing the thickness of the sand-dominant group in the overburden in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site. Producer Defined Value The thickness in feet of the sand-dominant group in the overburden for the specified grid cell. Producer Defined 0.5 19.0 feet 0.5 Wilcox_OverburdenSand_res.tif Raster geospatial data file containing the mean normalized resistivity of the sand-dominant group in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site. Producer Defined Value The mean normalized resistivity in ohm-meters of the sand-dominant group in the overburden for the specified grid cell. Producer Defined 100.1 1478.8 ohm-meters 0.1 Files pertaining to this dataset are listed as follows: Wilcox_CombinedRes_data.csv - Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing the combined resistivity values from electrical conductivity logging collected at the site along with the resistivity values from the electrical resistivity tomography and frequency domain electromagnetic data. Wilcox_CombinedRes_grid.csv - Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing the three-dimensional resistivity grid results from the combined resistivity values from electrical conductivity logging collected at the site along with the resistivity values from the electrical resistivity tomography and frequency domain electromagnetic data. Wilcox_OverburdenSand_thick.tif - Raster geospatial data file containing the thickness of the sand-dominant group in the overburden in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site. Wilcox_OverburdenSand_res.tif - Raster geospatial data file containing the mean normalized resistivity of the sand-dominant group in the Wilcox and Lorraine process areas of the Wilcox Oil Company Superfund site. Wilcox_CombinedResistivitySandDominantGroup_meta.xml - Metadata file containing data quality information, processing steps, entity and attributes information, and other pertinent information. Wilcox_CombinedResistivitySandDominantGroup_meta.xml GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR2ZF6 None 20260320 Andrew P. Teeple U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologist mailing

10207-B East 61st Street

Tulsa OK 74145 US 325-226-0601 apteeple@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998