Charles V. Cigrand 20241206 Model archive Rolla, MO U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KFQSL Charles V. Cigrand 2025 publication n/a US Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20255004 The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa (FDLB), Minnesota, analyzed the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions within the Stoney Brook watershed. The Stoney Brook watershed covers an area of 100.8 square miles in Carlton and St. Louis counties with most of the watershed within the Fond du Lac Reservation. Wild rice, which is harvested by the FDLB, naturally grows in the lakes on the Fond du Lac Reservation and is susceptible to damage from increased water-levels after substantial rainfall events. Channel modifications and frequency rainfall events were simulated to assess lake level conditions that could mitigate potential damages to the wild rice yields. The channel modifications were also used to evaluate options for improving conveyance and floodplain storage in the watershed. The study area consists of 77.9 square miles of the watershed with the downstream boundary located 2.4 miles downstream from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023). A hydrologic model was used to simulate precipitation runoff and outflow hydrographs from delineated subwatersheds in the Stoney Brook watershed. A two-dimensional hydraulic model was used to simulate streamflows, volume accumulation, lake water-levels, and inundation duration and depths. The hydrologic model was developed using Hydrologic Engineering Center–Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS) computer program (version 4.3; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2022) for the simulation of single rainfall events. A total of 14 subwatersheds were used in the HEC–HMS model to represent the 77.9 square mile study area within the Stoney Brook watershed. The HEC–HMS model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. The calibrated HEC–HMS model used 24-hour duration design rainfall events consisting of precipitation frequencies of 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence intervals (100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-percent annual exceedance probabilities) for the simulation of channel modification alternatives in the hydraulic model. The hydraulic model was developed using Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) computer program (version 6.4.1; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2023). The HEC–RAS model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520; U.S. Geological Survey, 2023) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. Channel modification alternatives were developed in the HEC–RAS model as terrain modifications and were intended to improve flow conveyances and storage and wetland coverage within the floodplain. These terrain modifications include breaches in the bank spoils, reconnecting the original channel to Stoney Brook, and clearing the original channel of soil deposition and debris. The HEC–HMS with HEC–RAS scenarios were simulated using flows from 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence interval (100-, 50-, 20-, and 10-percent annual exceedance probabilities) precipitation events distributed over a 24-hour duration. The HEC–RAS model was used to determine differences in hydraulic characteristics such as: peak water-surface elevations in the lakes, peak flows, volume accumulation, and inundation durations and depths. This data release contains a zip file that includes the HEC–HMS and HEC–RAS model run files, model performance and calibration metrics, and model outputs used in this study. References Cited: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2018, Hydrologic Engineering Center Hydrologic Modeling System HEC–HMS 4.3. User’s Manual: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers software release, accessed October 10, 2022, at https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-hms/downloads.aspx. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 2023, HEC–RAS—River analysis system version 6.4: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers software release, accessed October 2, 2023, at https://www.hec.usace.army.mil/software/hec-ras/download.aspx. U.S. Geological Survey, 2023, USGS surface-water data for the Nation, in USGS water data for the Nation: U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database, accessed October 2, 2023, at https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN. [Surface-water data directly accessible at https://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/sw.] The hydrologic and hydraulic models were developed as part of a U.S. Geological Survey study, done in cooperation with Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa to assess channel modification alternatives in the Stoney Brook watershed that are intended to improve conveyances and floodplain storage. The hydrologic model was developed to simulate the timing and magnitude of streamflow for the Stoney Brook watershed which were then routed through the hydraulic model. The hydraulic model was used to analyze the effects of proposed channel modification alternatives. 2024 publication date Complete None planned -92.8051 -92.5858 46.8373 46.6487 ISO 19115 Topic Category inlandWaters environment USGS Thesaurus hydrology digital elevation models mathematical modeling USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:672928a6d34e338a476a30cc Place Thesaurus Minnesota Stoney Brook Fond du Lac Band of Lake Superior Chippewa Fond du Lac Reservation Carlton County St. Louis County None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Charlie Cigrand U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center Physical Scientist mailing address

400 S Clinton Street

Iowa City IA 52240 US 319-358-3617 ccigrand@usgs.gov HEC-HMS 4.3 HEC-RAS 6.4.1 Calibration of the HEC–HMS and HEC–RAS models was an interactive process of simultaneously calibrating both models and the gate operations at the lake outlets. During calibration, curve numbers (CNs), time of concentration (Tc), R storage coefficient, and baseflow parameters were adjusted in the HEC–HMS model. The CNs governed how much precipitation was converted to direct runoff. The Tc parameter affected the timing of the hydrograph and the R storage coefficient influenced hydrograph attenuation. The baseflow parameters influenced the initial flow values at the start of the simulation and the location of the inflection point on the receding limb of the hydrograph as well as the slope of the hydrograph after the inflection point. Manning n-values were adjusted to calibrate the HEC–RAS model and primarily affected water-surface elevations and hydrograph attenuation. The hydrologic model was calibrated using streamflow time series from the USGS streamgage Stoney Brook at Pine Drive near Brookston, Minn. (USGS station 04021520) to two high-flow events: April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012. The differences between observed and simulated peak flows at the Stoney Brook near Brookston streamgage were within 4- to 18-percent. The differences between observed peak and simulated water-surface elevations at the lakes within the study area ranged from -0.27 to 0.20 feet. The Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient and percentage bias (PBIAS) statistics were used to assess model fit. Values of NSE can vary from negative infinity (∞) to 1. Values of 1 correspond to a perfect match between simulated and observed time series whereas values less than 0 indicate the observed average is a better predictor than the simulated values. The NSE of the calibrated events at the Stoney Brook near Brookston streamgage ranged from 0.84 to 0.93 which was considered a good to excellent predictor of the observed hydrograph. The PBIAS is a measure of average tendency of the simulated data to be larger or smaller than observed values. Values of PBIAS can vary from −∞ to ∞ with an optimum value of 0. Model calibration yielded a PBIAS values of 0.47 to 6.75 at the Stoney Brook near Brookston streamgage indicating a fair to excellent model fit. There are no unclosed polygons or intersections without nodes Data set is considered complete for the information presented, as described in the abstract. Users are advised to read the rest of the metadata record carefully for additional details. Not applicable Not applicable A hydrologic model was used to simulate streamflow for the Stoney Brook watershed using design rainfall events covering a range of magnitudes and probabilities of exceedance. The hydrologic model was constructed using the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) modeling system Hydrologic Engineering Center-Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC–HMS) version 4.3. The HEC–HMS model was calibrated to the April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012, high-flow events. The calibrated HEC–HMS model was then used to simulate precipitation-runoff from probabilistic rainfall of events of 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence intervals and 24-hour duration. Output hydrographs from the HEC–HMS model were then used as inputs for the hydraulic model to assess the effects of channel modification alternatives in the Stoney Brook watershed. 20240530 A two-dimensional hydraulic model was used to route streamflow hydrographs from the HEC–HMS model and simulate the effects of channel modification alternatives within the Stoney Brook watershed. The hydraulic model was developed in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) modeling system Hydrologic Engineering Center- River Analysis System (HEC–RAS) version 6.4. The HEC–RAS model was calibrated to the April 21–30, 2008, and June 19–July 1, 2012, high-flow events. The calibrated HEC–RAS model was then used to simulate hydrologic and hydraulic characteristics for 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year recurrence interval events for different channel modification alternatives. 20240630 Model outputs from the hydraulic model were used to assess the effects of channel modification alternatives which were incorporated into the model as terrain modifications. The channel modifications include breaches in the bank spoils, reconnecting the original channel to Stoney Brook, and clearing the original channel of soil deposition and debris. The hydraulic model outputs for peak flows, volume accumulation, water-levels, and inundation duration and depths were assessed to quantify the effects of the channel modification alternatives. 20240630 Vector G-polygon 48 Transverse Mercator 1640419.947506562 0.0 0.0 -93.0 0.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.6096 0.6096 International feet North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83) Geodetic Reference System 1980 6378137.0 298.257222101 North American Vertical Datum of 1988 1.0 feet Attribute values This data release contains a zip file that includes HEC–HMS and HEC–RAS model run files, model performance and calibration metrics, and model outputs used in this study. Cigrand, C.V., 2024, Archive of hydraulic and hydrologic models used in the Stoney Brook watershed in Carlton and St. Louis Counties, Minnesota, 2008–2024.: U.S. Geological Survey data release, https://doi:10.5066/P13KFQSL GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it may contain copyrighted materials if noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner whenever applicable. The data have been approved for release and publication by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Although the data have been subjected to rigorous review and are substantially complete, the USGS reserves the right to revise the data pursuant to further analysis and review. Furthermore, the data are released on the condition that neither the USGS nor the U.S. Government may be held liable for any damages resulting from authorized or unauthorized use. Although the data have been processed successfully on a computer system at the U.S. Geological Survey, no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system, or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. The U.S. Geological Survey or the U.S. Government shall not be held liable for improper or incorrect use of the data described and/or contained herein. Users of the data are advised to read all metadata and associated documentation thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13KFQSL None 20250311 Charlie Cigrand U.S. Geological Survey Central Midwest Water Science Center Physical Scientist mailing address

400 S Clinton Street

Iowa City IA 52240 US 319-358-3617 ccigrand@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998