U.S. Geological Survey 20150325 tabular digital data USGS Data Series Publication DS 931 St. Petersburg, Florida U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center None http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0931/ds931_data-downloads.html Cheryl J. Hapke Owen Brenner Rachel Hehre B.J. Reynolds 20130827 USGS Open File Report 2013-1231 St. Petersburg, Florida U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Suggested citation: Hapke, C.J., Brenner, Owen, Hehre, Rachel, and Reynolds, B.J., 2013, Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 2012-13 winter storm season-Fire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20131231, 37 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/ This spreadsheet consists of Fire Island, NY pre- and post- storm cross-shore profiles collected from November 2012 to October 2014. This dataset contains a set of cross-shore profiles covering 14 dates from November 04 2012 to October 07 2014. As part of the assessment of beach and dune morphologic change associated with Hurricane Sandy and the series of winter storms that followed, DGPS elevation data were collected along ten shore-perpendicular profiles extending from just inland of the crest of the dune to the low-tide swash zone. Profile elevations were surveyed one day prior to landfall* (October 28, 2012), three and four days immediately after the storm* (November 01/02 2012), and at monthly and bi-monthly intervals for 24 months (to October 2014) in order to capture both the initial impact of the event and the ongoing recovery of the beach system. Monitoring is ongoing, and this data series will be updated as future surveys are completed. *Data were not able to be collected at this location (P10) for October 28 2012, and Nov 01 2012. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) mounted a substantial effort in response to Hurricane Sandy (October 29, 2012) including an assessment of the morphological impacts to the beach and dune system at Fire Island, New York. Field surveys of the beach and dunes collected just prior to and after U.S. landfall were used to quantify change in several focus areas. In conjunction with the recurrent continuous alongshore data, cross-shore profile surveys were collected to assess the positional changes to dune, beach, and swash zone morphology and to calculate beach volume and volume change. Beach volumes were calculated by integrating the area below each profile using the lowest elevation value common to all surveys at each profile. 20121104 20121201 20121212 20130110 20130213 20130313 20130409 20130624 20130918 20131203 20140129 20140611 20140909 20141007 ground condition Complete As needed -73.156350 -73.155691 40.644071 40.643095 USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:6727e047-e6df-4d80-bce3-91d753cd52da ISO 19115 Topic Category geoscientificInformation oceans oceans and estuaries environment oceans and coastal General Beach Profile Cross-Shore Profile Hurricane Sandy, Oct 2012 Accretion Erosion St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service Theme Category Thesaurus Monitoring Geology Marine Realms Information Bank (MRIB) Keywords effects of coastal change coastal processes shoreline accretion shoreline erosion hurricanes and typhoons winter storms storm erosion USGS Thesaurus coastal processes erosion shoreline accretion hurricanes NPS Abbreviations Fire Island National Seashore National Park Service Northeast Region New York General Atlantic Ocean New York Fire Island Fire Island Lighthouse None Public domain data from the U.S. Government are freely redistributable with proper metadata and source attribution. Please recognize the U.S. Geological Survey as the originator of the dataset. U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727)-502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov Microsoft Windows 7 Version 6.1 (Build 7601) Service Pack 1; ESRI ArcGIS 10.0.4.4000 E.R. Thieler E.A. Himmelstoss J.L. Zichichi A. Ergul 2009 Open-File Report 2008-1278 Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program Current version of software at time of use was 4.3 http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/ http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/project-pages/dsas/version4/index.html http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1278/ R. A. Morton T. L. Miller 2005 Open-File Report 2005-1401 Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program none http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1118/ C. J. Hapke D. Reid B. M. Richmond P. Ruggiero J. List 2006 Open-File Report 2006-1219 Woods Hole Coastal & Marine Science Center, Woods Hole, MA U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology Program none http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2006/1219/ N. G. Plant K. T. Holland J. A. Puleo 20021120 Marine Geology Volume 191, Issues 1-2, Pages 71-86. Online ELSERVIER https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00497-8 The data provided here is a compilation of cross-shore profiles that were derived using USGS-specific field collection methods over the course of 24 months following hurricane Sandy which made landfall in New Jersey on October 29 2012. Vertical attributes were automatically generated in the field, and addtional attributes are added as needed. Cross-shore profiles were quality checked for accuracy. This cross-shore profile series is complete and contains all available segments derived from Pre- and Post-Sandy data collection efforts. These data adequately represented the cross-shore position of each transect at the time of the survey. To estimate vertical uncertainties that result from slight variations in the path along which data were collected from one survey to another, a variance methodology (Plant et al., 2002) was developed by creating an interpolated continuous 2-D beach surface from the raw GPS xyz data for each survey date. Individual profile elevation data are compared to the interpolated surface and a RMSE error was calculated based on the elevation differences between the interpolated surface and the data points. Average vertical error for individual surveys ranged from 2-11cm with an average error for all surveys and profile locations of 4.9cm (RMSE = 5.3). Equipment limitations contribute an additional 1.4cm of vertical uncertainty on average for all survey dates (RMSE = 3.4), resulting in an approximate profile uncertainty of 6.3 cm for reported profile elevation data. 0.6 m The horizontal positional accuracy is found as the quadrature summation of the errors described in the positonal accuracy report. The value is found by taking the square root of (5.3^2 +1.4^2 + 3.4^2) = 6.3 cm or 0.6 m. US. Geological Survey 20140801 tabular digital data Field collected cross-shore data were collected approximately along existing profile locations. Cheryl J. Hapke Owen Brenner Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) B.J. Reynolds 20130827 USGS Open File Report 2013-1231 St. Petersburg, Florida U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Suggested citation: Hapke, C.J., Brenner, Owen, Hehre, Rachel, and Reynolds, B.J., 2013, Coastal change from Hurricane Sandy and the 201213 winter storm seasonFire Island, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 20131231, 37 p., http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/. http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2013/1231/ .csv file 20121104 20121201 20121212 20130110 20130213 20130313 20130409 20130624 20130918 20131203 20140129 20140611 20140909 20141007 ground condition DGPS DATA Tabular DGPS data (collected in ASCII format) was converted to vector digital data and edited using ESRI ArcMap v 10.0 to publish cross-shore profile data relatable to a existing set of cross-shore profiles. FIELD COLLECTED DATA TO SHAPEFILE CONVERSION (1)For each date/series of cross-shore data points, import tabular data into ArcMap: File >> Add Data >> Add XY Data (2)Select X:easting, Y: northing and Z:NAVD88 and lastly (3)The resulting file is an eventlayer; right click and export layer to a new shapefile; For example the data for October 28th 2012 is exported as Oct282012_ALL.shp For the following set of steps, profile P07, which was collected on 28 Oct 2012 will be used as an example to explain the files/steps generated. DGPS DATA 20140801 cross-shore shapefile (ex: Oct282012_ALL.shp) U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727)-502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov EDITS TO cCROSS-SHORE DATA (1)Cross-shore profiles are edited to create unique shapefiles for each date and cross-shore profile location. For example, from the file Oct282012_ALL.shp data for each profile location will be selected and exported to generate 10 new shapefiles for each profile location (P07-P11, P22-P26) ex:P07_Oct282012.shp. (2)From this selection, the profile data is cleaned to remove any long shore data and reduce the profile data to one continuous line (often the cross-shore data is collected in two parallel paths, both up and down the beach face). (3)Cross-shore data is saved as: P07_Oct282012EDITS.shp cross-shore shapefile (ex: Oct282012_ALL.shp) 20140810 edited cross-shore shapefile (ex: P07_Oct282012EDITS.shp) U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727)-502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov PROFILE TRANSLATION: Prior to collection, the start position of cross-shore profile data is determined using a hand held GPS with a map of an existing original profile. The field team attempts to follow the cross-shore position of this original profile. However, a review of the cross-shore data collection shows the filed collected data can vary widely (10-40m) from the original profile. So a method was developed to "translate" a distance along original profile measurements to the new cross-shore data, so all profile data (new and old) could be plotted together. CALCULATE DISATANCE ALONG ORIGINAL PROFILE: (1)Transects spaced 1m apart were generated, using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS version 4.3, Thieler et al, 2009) cast from a baseline oriented roughly parallel to the cross-shore data and perpendicular to the shoreline, such that the transects would then parallel prominent features of the beach - dune crest, berm crest etc. The transects intersect the original profile and all subsequent cross-shore profiles, covering the entire area of original and new data collection. File saved as Profile Name_trans, or P07_trans.shp (2)Points were created at the intersection of the original profile and the transects: ArcToolbox>>Analysis Tools>>Overlay>>Intersect>> Inputs: Original Profile and transects, Join Attributes: ALL, XY Tolerance: 0.2 m, Output Type: POINT, OUTPUT file P07_trans_intersect.shp (point shapefile). (3)Calculate the distance of each transect intersection point along the original profile (profiles converted to routes: Linear Referencing Tools>>Create route) Distance along route (DAR) will be calculated and saved into attribute MEAS: ArcToolbox >>Linear Referencing Tools>>Locate features along routes: Input: P07_trans_intersect.shp, Input Route Features: original profile (route), Output Event Table: P07_intersect_DAR. (4)Join P07_intersect_DAR table to P07_trans.shp and add a new field to P07_trans to copy MEAS to: DistalRout. This file will be used for the following steps. ADD DISTANCE ALONG PROFILE TO CROSS-SHORE DATA: (1)Use spatial join to join P07_trans.shp and the cross-shore profile data P07_Oct282012EDITS.shp into a new shapefile, P07_Oct282012dist.shp. This will merge all the attributes of each dataset together. In the process of the join, an additional field Distance is automatically added to P07_Oct282012dist.shp, which indicates the distance of the cross-shore data points to the transect. As the point spacing of the field collected data is denser than the 1m transect spacing, multiple points in P07_Oct282012dist.shp will display the same value for DistAlRout. (2)Open P07_Oct282012dist.dbf in Microsoft Excel, and edit to contain ONLY site, easting, northing, NAVD88, DistAlRout, and Distance. A new field Date is added to the first column, and manually entered to reflect the date of the data (ie. 10/28/2012). All other fields are deleted. (3)Use Excel tools (Data>>Sort) to sort the data by DistAlRout and (adding a level) Distance. (4)Remove duplicates(Data>>Remove Duplicates) in DistAlRout (as described there are more than one data point for each DistAlRout value) and save file as and excel 97-2003 workbook extension .xls (.xlsx can not be opened in ArcMap): P07_Oct282012dist.xls (5)Using ESRI ArcMap v10.0, add XY data (File>>Add Data>> Add XY data) and select P07_Oct282012dist.xls with X: easting, Y:northing and Z: NAVD88. Save resultant event layer to a new shapefile P07_28Oct2012.shp (6)Repeat this step for all cross-shore profile dates at each profile location. References: Thieler, E.R., Himmelstoss, E.A., Zichichi, J.L., and Ergul, Ayhan, 2009, Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) version 4.0 An ArcGIS extension for calculating shoreline change: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1278. Edited cross-shore shapefile (ex:P07_Oct282012EDITS.shp) and transect file modified with distance along original profile (ex: P07_trans.shp) 20140820 Cross-shore shapefiles with distance along original profile (ex: P07_28Oct2012.shp) U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727)-502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov Append all dates from each location to one shapefile: ArcToolbox>>Data Management Tools>>General>>Append: select all dates for each profile location (ex: P07_28Oct2012.shp, P07_01Nov2012.shp, P07_04Nov2012.shp, P07_01Dec2012.shp etc. to P07_29Jun2014.shp) and save to a new shapefile (ex: P07_Oct2012_Jun2012.shp) Cross-shore point shapefiles with distance along route for each date (ex: P07_28Oct2012.shp, P07_01Nov2012.shp, P07_04Nov2012.shp, P07_01Dec2012.shp etc. to P07_29Jun2014.shp) 20140901 Cross-shore point shapefiles for all dates (ex: P07_Oct2012_Jun2012.shp) U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727)-502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov Shapefiles exported from ArcCatalog and .dbf edited to reduce attributes to: Date, Elevation (m NAVD88) and Distance along Profile(m). File is then saved as a Microsoft Excel 2010 workbook, extenstion .xlsx. Cross-shore point shapefiles with distance along route for each date (ex: P07_28Oct2012.shp, P07_01Nov2012.shp, P07_04Nov2012.shp, P07_01Dec2012.shp etc. to P07_29Jun2014.shp) 20141101 Cross-shore point shapefiles for all dates (ex: P07_Oct2012_Jun2012.shp) U.S. Geological Survey - St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727)-502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov Keywords section of metadata optimized for discovery in USGS Coastal and Marine Geology Data Catalog. 20170313 U.S. Geological Survey Alan O. Allwardt Contractor -- Information Specialist mailing and physical address

2885 Mission Street

Santa Cruz CA 95060 831-460-7551 831-427-4748 aallwardt@usgs.gov Added keywords section with USGS persistent identifier as theme keyword. 20201013 U.S. Geological Survey VeeAnn A. Cross Marine Geologist Mailing and Physical

384 Woods Hole Road

Woods Hole MA 02543-1598 508-548-8700 x2251 508-457-2310 vatnipp@usgs.gov Transverse Mercator 0.9996 -75.0 0.0 500000.0 0.0 coordinate pair 0.000000002220024164500956 0.000000002220024164500956 meters North American Datum of 1983 Geodetic Reference System 80 6378137.0 298.257222101 P10_Nov2012_Oct2014 Cross-shore profile data USGS Date Date of elevation survey in the format mm/dd/yyyy. USGS Character string of length 10 Elevation (m NAVD88) Elevation of the data point in meters above North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD88). USGS -1.47 4.51 Distance Along Profile (m) Distance of point data along a cross-shore profile. USGS 0.84 114.76 U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA (727) 502-8000 rehenderson@usgs.gov Downloadable Data: USGS Data Series Publication 931 Neither the U.S. Government, the Department of the Interior, nor the USGS, nor any of their employees, contractors, or subcontractors, make any warranty, express or implied, nor assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, nor represent that its use would not infringe on privately owned rights. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data or related materials. Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Excel file (XLSX) 10 This dataset contains 14 sets of cross-shore profiles, from November 4 2012 to October 07 2014 for Fire Island, NY. ZIP http://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/0931/ds931_data-downloads.html None 20201013 U.S. Geological Survey, St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center, St. Petersburg, Florida Rachel E. Henderson (Hehre) mailing address

600 4th Street South

St. Petersburg FL 33701 USA Contact_Voice_Telephone rehenderson@usgs.gov 0800-1600 Eastern Time FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998 local time