Skene, F.E. Rengers, F.K. Hoch, O.J Kean, J.W. Thomas, M.A. 20241216 spreadsheet https://doi.org/10.5066/P13WVRUX Precipitation, volumetric soil-water content, videos, and geophone data characterizing postfire debris flows were collected at the 2022 Hermit’s Peak Calf-Canyon Fire in New Mexico. This dataset contains data from June 22, 2022, to June 26, 2024. The data were obtained from a station located at 35° 42’ 28.86” N, 105° 27’ 18.03” W (geographic coordinate system). Each data type is described below. Raw Rainfall Data: Rainfall data, Rainfall.csv, are contained in a comma separated value (.csv) file. The data are continuous and sampled at 1-minute intervals. The columns in the csv file are TIMESTAMP(UTC), RainSlowInt (the depth of rain in each minute [mm]), CumRain (cumulative rainfall since the beginning of the record [mm]), and VWC# (volumetric water content [V/V]) at three depths (1 = 10 cm, 2=30 cm, and 3=50 cm). VWC values outside of the range of 0 to 0.5 represent sensor malfunctions and were replaced with -99999 . Storm Record: We summarized the rainfall, volumetric soil-water content, and geophone data based on rainstorms. We defined a storm as rain for a duration >= 5 minutes or with an accumulation > 2.54 mm. Each storm was then assigned a storm ID starting at 0. The storm record data, StormRecord.csv, provides peak rainfall intensities and times and volumetric soil-water content information for each storm. The columns from left to right provide the information as follows: ID, StormStart [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], calculated as any time at least 0.2 mm of rain is detected), StormStop [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], timestamp of last rain gauge tip followed by at least 6 hours without precipitation), StormDepth [mm] (the total amount of rain that fell in the storm), StormDuration [h] (length of storm), I-5 [mm h-1] (peak 5-minute rainfall intensity), I-10 [mm h-1] (peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 [mm h-1] (peak 15-minute rainfall intensity), I-30 [mm h-1] (peak 30-minute rainfall intensity during the storm), I-60 [mm h-1] (peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), I-5 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], the time of the peak 5-minute rainfall intensity), I-10 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], the time of the peak 10-minute rainfall intensity), I-15 time yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ([UTC], the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity), I-30 time yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] ] ([UTC], the time of the peak 30-minute rainfall intensity), I-60 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] [UTC], (the time of the peak 60-minute rainfall intensity), VWC (volumetric water content [V/V] at three depths (1 = 10 cm, 2 = 30 cm, 3 = 50 cm) at the start of the storm, the time of the peak 15-minute rainfall intensity, and the end of the storm), Velocity [m s-1] of the flow, and Event (qualitative observation of type of flow from video footage). VWC values outside of the range of 0 to 0.5 represent sensor malfunctions and were replaced with -99999. Velocity was only calculated for flows with a noticeable surge as the rest of the signal is not sufficient for a cross-correlation, and Event was only filled for storms with quality video data. Values of -99999 were assigned for these columns for all other storms. Geophone Data: Geophone data, GeophoneData.zip, are contained in comma separated value (.csv) files labeled by ‘storm’ and the corresponding storm ID in the storm record and labeled IDa and IDb if the geophone stopped recording for more than an hour during the storm. The data was recorded at two geophones sampled at 50 Hz, one 11.5 m upstream from the station and one 9.75 m downstream from the station. Geophones were triggered to record when 1.6 mm of rain was detected during a period of 10 minutes, and they continued to record for 30 minutes past the last timestamp when this criteria was met. The columns in each csv file are TIMESTAMP [UTC], GeophoneUp_mV (the upstream geophone [mV]), GeophoneDn_mV (the downstream geophone [mV]). Note that there are occasional missed samples when the data logger did not record due to geophone malfunction when data points are 0.04 s or more apart. Videos: The videos stormID_mmdd.mp4 (or .mov) are organized by storm ID where one folder contains data for one storm. Within folders for each storm, videos are labeled by the timestamp in UTC of the end of the video as IMGPhhmm. Some videos in the early mornings or late evenings, or in very intense rainfall, have had brightness and contrast adjustments in Adobe Premiere Pro for better video quality and are in MP4 format. All raw videos are in MOV format. The camera triggered when a minimum of 1.6 mm of rain fell in a 10-minute interval and it recorded in 16-minute video clips until it was 30 minutes since the last trigger. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. This data was collected with the purpose of postfire debris-flow monitoring. 20220622 20240621 ground condition Complete None planned -105.4550 -105.4550 35.7080 35.7080 ISO 19115 Topic Category environment geoscientificInformation climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:66b1027ad34e8fd2cd241e1c None New Mexico Las Vegas Sangre de Cristo Mountains None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Francesca Skene physical

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Golden CO 80401 303-273-8500 fskene@usgs.gov No formal attribute accuracy tests were conducted. No formal logical accuracy tests were conducted. The dataset is considered complete. Rainfall Data were processed by calculating the 5-, 10-, 15-, 30-, and 60-minute rainfall intensities. The rainfall intensity is the sum of the rainfall within an X-minute period multiplied by the number of X minute periods in an hour. 20240805 Geophone data were processed by organizing the files by date and calculating the initial surge flow velocity through a cross correlation procedure. Prior to calculating initial surge velocity, the data were demeaned and tapered at a maximum percentage of 0.05 using a Hann window in ObsPy (Beyreuther and others, 2010), and divided by the instrument sensitivity [mV mm-1 s] to convert from voltage [mV] to ground velocity [mm s-1]. The upstream and downstream geophone data were cross-correlated (Schimmel and others, 2022) with a window size of 10 seconds to estimate initial surge velocity. Beyreuther, M., Barsch, R., Krischer, L., Megies, T., Behr, Y., and Wassermann, J., 2010, ObsPy: A Python Toolbox for Seismology: Seismological Research Letters, v.81, no.3, 530-533, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.3.530 Schimmel, A., Coviello, V., and Comiti, F., 2022, Debris flow velocity and volume estimations based on seismic data, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1955–1968, https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-22-1955-2022. 20240805 Video data were processed by determining the timestamp of the end of the video in UTC and adjusting the brightness and contrast in Adobe Premiere Pro for better visibility when the video quality was poor due to time of day or intense rainfall. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20240805 Vector Entity point 1 0.0197664436 0.0242263056 Decimal seconds WGS_1984 WGS 84 6378137.0 298.257223563 Rainfall.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined TIMESTAMP(UTC) time of the data collection Producer Defined time in UTC, units are [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] RainSlowInt amount of rain fallen within each minute Producer Defined 0.0 3.4 millimeters 0.2 CumRain running total of the amount of rain that has fallen since the beginning of the record Producer Defined 0.0 822.6 millimeters 0.2 VWC1 volumetric soil-water content at a depth of 10cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.294 VWC2 volumetric soil-water content at a depth of 30cm Producer Defined 0.056 0.216 VWC3 volumetric soil-water content at a depth of 50cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.5 StormRecord.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined ID ID number assigned to individual storms Producer Defined 0 78 StormStart [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the start of the storm Producer Defined time in UTC, units are labeled StormStop [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the end of the storm Producer Defined time in UTC, units are labeled StormDepth [mm] amount of rain that fell during the storm Producer Defined 2.6 61.4 StormDuration [h] length of the storm Producer Defined 0.4 43.9 I-5 [mm h-1] peak 5-minute rainfall rate within the storm Producer Defined 2.4 144.0 I-10 [mm h-1] peak 10-minute rainfall rate within the storm Producer Defined 2.4 120.0 I-15 [mm h-1] peak 15-minute rainfall rate within the storm Producer Defined 1.6 104.0 I-30 [mm h-1] peak 30-minute rainfall rate within the storm Producer Defined 1.6 78.8 I-60 [mm h-1] peak 60-minute rainfall rate within the storm Producer Defined 1.0 44.8 I-5 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the peak-5 minute rainfall rate Producer Defined time in UTC, units are labeled I-10 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the peak-10 minute rainfall rate Producer Defined time in UTC, units are labeled I-15 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the peak-15 minute rainfall rate Producer Defined time in UTC, units are labeled I-30 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the peak-30 minute rainfall rate Producer Defined time in UTC, units are labeled I-60 time [yyyy-mm-dd hh:mm:ss-tz] timestamp of the peak-60 minute rainfall rate Producer Defined Time in UTC, units are labeled VWC1start volumetric water content at the start of the storm at a depth of 10cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.198 VWC2start volumetric water content at the start of the storm at a depth of 30cm Producer Defined 0.057 0.189 VWC3start volumetric water content at the start of the storm at a depth of 50cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.426 VWC1peak volumetric water content at time of the peak 15-minute rainfall rate at a depth of 10cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.284 VWC2peak volumetric water content at time of the peak 15-minute rainfall rate at a depth of 30cm Producer Defined 0.059 0.188 VWC3peak volumetric water content at time of the peak 15-minute rainfall rate at a depth of 50cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.491 VWC1end volumetric water content at the end of the storm at a depth of 10cm Producer Defined 0.025 0.249 VWC2end volumetric water content at the end of the storm at a depth of 30cm Producer Defined 0.058 0.187 VWC3end volumetric water content at the end of the storm at a depth of 50cm Producer Defined -99999.0 0.449 Velocity [m s-1] velocity of flow surge derived from cross correlation Producer Defined -99999.0 3.3 Event type of event triggered by the storm Producer Defined qualitative observation of event type from video GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

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Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data for other purposes, nor on all computer systems, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P13WVRUX None 20241216 GHSC Data Steward US Geological Survey, Geologic Hazards Science Center Open Data Policy Coordinator mailing

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Golden CO 80401 USA 303-273-8500 ghsc_metadata@usgs.gov FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001-1998