Matthew T. Barbour James A. Luoma Angelique Dahlberg Todd J. Severson Jeremy K. Wise Matthew J. Meulemans Diane L. Waller 20250422 spreadsheet ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey https://doi.org/10.5066/P14JBUQU We conducted and evaluated a low-dose copper treatment (applied as EarthTec QZ) to suppress zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) veliger abundance and settlement in a 66.3 ha bay in Lake Minnetonka (Hennepin County, MN) over a 3-y period. We maintained a mean (standard deviation [SD]) concentration of 83.0 (10.3) µg/L as copper over the 10-d treatment period, much lower than the maximum allowable 1 mg/L as copper. Veliger density was reduced from 6.0 veligers/L before treatment to 0.3 veligers/L following the treatment period. Posttreatment zebra mussel settlement was 1900 times lower in the treated bay compared to an untreated bay days after the treatment despite similar pretreatment veliger densities. Veliger density and settlement remained suppressed nearly 2 y following the treatment. Sampling for adult zebra mussels within the treated bay returned variable results but survival of caged adult zebra mussels indicated ~30% treatment-related mortality. Copper in surface waters returned to near pretreatment concentrations 90 d after treatment. Our study demonstrates that low-dose applications of a copper molluscicide can effectively reduce zebra mussel veliger densities and settlement. Additionally, Our study evaluated nontarget effects before and after treatment. Chlorophyll-a concentration increased in both the treated and reference bays 1 and 14 d posttreatment. Although zooplankton community composition changes occurred in both bays over the course of this study, zooplankton abundance and diversity initially decreased in the treated bay but gradually recovered and one year later was back to pretreatment and reference bay levels. We observed no significant differences in benthic invertebrate abundance or diversity between the treated and reference bays. Among caged organisms, copper bioaccumulation was higher in both mussel species than in fish, and among fish, was highest in fathead minnow. These findings contribute to our understanding of the potential impacts of copper-based pesticides on aquatic ecosystems and provide insights for zebra mussel management. The present study evaluated the efficacy of a 10-d low-dose copper treatment to supress zebra mussel veligers in St. Alban's Bay in Lake Minnetonka (Hennepin County, MN). In addition to the treatment bay, we selected Robinson's Bay in Lake Minnetonka as a non-treated control bay. Data was collected pre-treatment, during treatment, and for 2 years post-treatment. Our goal was to determine a minimum treatment concentration needed to supress settlement of zebra mussel veligers, as they are more susceptible to low-dose copper than adults and to evaluate treatment impacts to non-target communities .The data can inform resource managers on efficacious treatments of low-dose copper for suppressing zebra mussel reproduction. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. 20220714 20221012 ground condition Complete None planned World -93.7113 -93.4861 44.9735 44.8646 ISO 19115 Topic Category biota USGS Thesaurus bioaccumulation surface water (non-marine) None dreissena polymorpha aquatic invasive species population control chemical control tool application technique community response USGS Metadata Identifier USGS:668d485ed34eb8d205624a34 None Lake Minnetonka None Dreissena polymorpha Kingdom Animalia Subkingdom Bilateria Infrakingdom Protostomia Superphylum Spiralia Phylum Mollusca Class Bivalvia Subclass Autobranchia Infraclass Heteroconchia Order Myida Superfamily Dreissenoidea Family Dreissenidae Genus Dreissena Species Dreissena polymorpha TSN: 81339 None. Please see 'Distribution Info' for details. None. Users are advised to read the dataset's metadata thoroughly to understand appropriate use and data limitations. Diane Waller USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Supervisory Research Fishery Biologist mailing and physical

2630 Fanta Reed Rd

La Crosse Wisconsin 54603 USA 608-783-6451 608-783-6066 dwaller@usgs.gov United States Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, 2630 Fanta Reed Road, La Crosse, Wisconsin, USA Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Celter, 2003 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA pH meter - calibrated and verified daily Specific conductance meter - calibrated and verified daily Digital caliper - verified daily Dissolved oxygen meter - calibrated annually and at each cap replacement Balance - calibrated and verified daily ICP for copper analysis - calibrated daily, blanks and spikes verified accuracy Thermometer - temperature verified every 6 months Data are consistent with details we have provided. Values fall in expected range. Data have been reviewed and verified. Data is complete for the objectives described in this specific study. Some datasets contain omissions as data was not collected due to various reasons 1) secchi disk was lost and data could not be collected from 20200527 to 2020603 until we obtained a new one; 2) hardness was not titrated on 20200527, 20200603, 20200715, and 20200827 due to miscommunication with field staff; 3) BLM (Biotic Ligand Model) parameters (chloride, doc, and sulfate) were not analyzed in Robinson bay on 20190726 as sample was lost; 4) several chlorophyll a measurements were not reported as they were below detection; 5) mass was not reported for zebra mussels and fatmucket, we only reported total length; 6) copper samples not reported as values fell either below detection or below quantification; 7) zebra mussel plate counts with omitted values are described by a comment in the dataset (samplers may have been tipped over, covered in sponge, or not recovered by diver); 8) specific conductance was not reported on 20200527 and 20200603 due to meter malfunction. NA NA We selected 2 bays within Lake Minnetonka, one as a reference (Robinson Bay) and one for treatment with EarthTec QZ (St. Alban's Bay). We selected five sampling sites within each bay at depths of ~3.5 m for collection of pre- and post-treatment samples and for deployment of test organisms. EarthTec QZ was applied from a flat-deck boat outfitted with a delivery system that monitored the application rate and total applied volume of product during treatments. We used a novel application technique which attempted to isolate the treatment to the epilimnion by exploiting thermal stratification with the idea of targeting planktonic veligers while decreasing the overall amount of copper required. The depth of the thermocline was determined the day before each application with a thermocline sensor that measured depth and temperature simultaneously (model: PS-2151; Pasco Scientific, Roseville, CA). Existing bathymetric data acquired from the Minnehaha Creek Watershed District (Minnetonka, MN) was used to estimate water volume above the mean thermocline depth was then used to calculate the volume of EarthTec QZ required for application. EarthTec QZ was applied a total of five times over a 10-d period with applications made on alternate days (i.e., every other day). The target concentration for the first application was 100 µg/L as copper followed by a sustained target of 60 µg/L as copper for the remaining four applications. The initial concentration and subsequent “bump” applications were designed to maintain the target concentration due to copper uptake by the environment. 20190718 We used inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES; model: 5110; Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA) to determine copper concentrations in water samples collected before, during, and after the treatment. Veliger abundance was estimated from vertical plankton tows collected in both bays 3 to 4 d before the first application and again at 1 d and 14 d after the final application. Samples were collected in both bays during July and August in 2020 and 2021. In 2022, veligers were only sampled in St. Albans Bay at three time points during June, July, and August. We used a 30 cm diameter plankton net with 50 µm mesh sample cup (Aquatic Research Instruments, Hope, ID) and collected triplicate vertical tows near each sampling site. Tows extended from the thermocline to the surface. Veliger settlement was assessed from plate samplers deployed at the sampling sites (n = 30/bay; n = 6/site). Samplers were deployed in mid-May, about 2 months before treatment, to allow biofilm development and pretreatment settlement. Samplers were constructed of 4 PVC plates (15 × 15 cm) stacked vertically along a large eyebolt and spaced by 2.5 cm PVC pipe pieces (~2.5 cm o.d.). The samplers were fixed to a 1 m threaded rod extending vertically from a concrete pad (~0.6 × 0.6 m). Half of the settlement samplers (n = 3/site) were retrieved from each sampling site approximately 30 d and 90 d after the final application (4 September and 30–31 October 2019, respectively). In 2020, 2021, and 2022, we followed the same timeline with deployment in mid-May and retrieval of 3 samplers per site in both late August or early September and October. Upon retrieval, each sampler was disassembled, both sides of plates were scraped with a razor blade and removed materials were preserved in 70% ethanol. We enumerated the number of zebra mussels under stereomicroscopy (10-40X). The top and bottom plates were omitted from sample enumeration because they were most likely to have been disturbed during retrieval and were accessible to predation. Samplers that overturned during deployment, encrusted with sponge growth, or accidentally spilled during handling were omitted from the analysis (n = 15). We used a petite ponar to sample the benthic invertebrate community. Ponar samples were collected in duplicate at each sampling location. A contracted diver (Minnesota Divers, Excelsior, MN) conducted dive surveys to estimate zebra mussel abundance before treatment and 30 d posttreatment. Three 10-m transect lines were placed in 2 to 6 m of water at 4 locations within each bay. Quadrats (0.25 m2) were placed on alternating sides of the transect at regularly spaced intervals (n = 12 quadrats/transect). All zebra mussels within the quadrats were collected, sorted into live and dead, frozen, and later enumerated.The pre- and post-treatment surveys included three transects at four locations within Robinson (control, untreated) and St. Albans Bays. The locations of the transect lines were indiscriminately selected and spaced at ~3m intervals using lead lines and deployed using SCUBA. The transect lines were approximately 10m longmand deployed in 2 - 6m of water, depending upon substrate and zebra mussel density. At four regularly spaced intervals along the transect lines, 0.5-m2 quadrats were placed (on alternating sides of the transect) and all zebra mussels were collected, frozen, and quantified at later dates. Transect GPS locations were recorded and used to prevent overlap. We collected water samples from 1-m below the water surface at each sampling site with a Van Dorn sampler to measure water chemistry (pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and temperature). 20190718 For MS "Assessing a low-dose copper treatment for dreissenid mussels: effects on zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) population" We conducted all statistical analysis and created data visualizations in R version 4.1.1, declaring statistical significance at α = 0.05 (Wickham 2016; R Core Team 2021). Mixed-effects analysis of variance models were constructed with the lme4 package to analyze differences within the bays at each sampling time and between sampling times within each bay (Bates et al. 2015; Lenth 2021). For each model, sampling time and bay were fixed effects and sampling location was a random effect nested within each bay (Montgomery 2017). The natural logarithm of veliger abundance per liter was the response variable and a positive constant (1) was added prior to computation to eliminate errors associated with calculating the logarithm of zero. The cube root of zebra mussel settlement was used as the response variable to stabilize the variation within sampling locations. Adult zebra mussel mortality was compared with logistic mixed-effects modeling (lme4::glmer) as an odds ratio. Resident zebra mussel populations enumerated in ponar samples and SCUBA surveys were normalized to mussels/m3 and summarized. Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 Lenth RV (2021) emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means Montgomery DC (2017) Design and Analysis of Experiments, 9th edn. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ R Core Team (2021) R: A language and environment for statistical computing Wickham H (2016) ggplot2: Elegant Graphics for Data Analysis. Springer-Verlag, New York, NY 202406 For MS "Assessing low-dose copper treatment for dreissenid mussels: effects on nontarget organisms" We conducted all statistical analyses and created data visualizations in R version 4.1.1, utilizing the lme4 and vegan packages (R Core Team, 2019; Bates et al. 2015), and interpreted differences as significant when α < 0.05. We constructed mixed-effects analysis of variance models to assess the effect of copper treatment on chlorophyll-a concentration, benthic invertebrate abundance and diversity, and zooplankton abundance and diversity. We used logistic mixed-effects modeling as an odds ratio to assess the effect of the treatment on nontarget species mortality. We constructed mixed-effects analysis of variance models using transformed concentration values as the response variable for survival to determine the effect of the treatment on the tissue copper concentrations of our caged organisms. Transformations were performed to stabilize residual variance. Copper concentrations in the tissue of largemouth bass, yellow perch, bluegill, fatmucket, and zebra mussel were natural log transformed. Fathead minnow concentrations were inverse log transformed. We compared differences between sampling times within each bay and between the bays at each sampling time. In each model, sampling time and bay were treated as fixed effects, and sampling location was treated as a random effect nested within each bay (Montgomery 2017). Zooplankton and benthic invertebrate community structures at family level were compared across all sampling times within each bay using permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) for comparisons. Bates D, Maechler M, Bolker B, Walker S (2015) Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. J Stat Softw 67:1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01 Montgomery DC (2017) Design and Analysis of Experiments, 9th edn. John Wiley and Sons, Hoboken, NJ R Core Team (2019) R: A language and environment for statistical computing 202406 alkhard.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay Bay that sample was collected from Producer Defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined buoy Buoy number Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined hard total water hardness Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 130 169 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate 1 alk water alkalinity Producer Defined 105 158 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate 1 date date sample collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYYY benth.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined year year sample was collected Producer Defined 2019 2022 years 1 month month sample was collected Producer Defined 7 8 months 1 day day of month sample was collected Producer Defined 2 27 day 1 bay Bay that sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined buoy Buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined rep replicate number Producer Defined 1 2 replicate 1 Arrenuridae number of Arrenuridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 646 individuals 1 Asellidae number of Asellidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 8611 individuals 1 Aturidae number of Aturidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Caenidae number of Caenidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 517 individuals 1 Ceratopogonidae number of Ceratopogonidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Chaoboridae number of Chaoboridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 172 individuals 1 Chironomidae number of Chironomidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 5038 individuals 1 Coenagrionidae number of Coenagrionidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 129 individuals 1 Corduliidae number of Corduliidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Dreissenidae number of Dreissenidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 8224 individuals 1 Elmidae number of Elmidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Empididae number of Empididae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Ephemerellidae number of Ephemerellidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 129 individuals 1 Erpobdellidae number of Erpobdellidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Glossiphoniidae number of Glossiphoniidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 301 individuals 1 Goeridae number of Goeridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Hyalellidae number of Hyalellidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 8913 individuals 1 Hydrobiidae number of Hydrobiidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 1119 individuals 1 Hydroptilidae number of Hydroptilidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 1378 individuals 1 Hygrobatidae number of Hygrobatidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Krendowskiidae number of Krendowskiidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 86 individuals 1 Lebertiidae number of Lebertiidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Leptoceridae number of Leptoceridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 775 individuals 1 Limnesiidae number of Limnesiidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 172 individuals 1 Lumbriculidae number of Lumbriculidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Lymnaeidae number of Lymnaeidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 86 individuals 1 Macromiinae number of Macromiinae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Naididae number of Naididae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 4176 individuals 1 Oxidae number of Oxidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Physidae number of Physidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 258 individuals 1 Pionidae number of Pionidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 129 individuals 1 Piscicolidae number of Piscicolidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Pisidiidae number of Pisidiidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 129 individuals 1 Planorbidae number of Planorbidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 904 individuals 1 Polycentropodidae number of Polycentropodidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 172 individuals 1 Sialidae number of Sialidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 Sperchontidae number of Sperchontidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 43 individuals 1 triclads number of triclads enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 129 individuals 1 Unionicolidae number of Unionicolidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 215 individuals 1 Valvatidae number of Pisidiidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 517 individuals 1 blm.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay Bay sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined day Day number of treatment Producer Defined D1 Day 1 Producer defined D3 Day 3 Producer defined D5 Day 5 Producer defined D7 Day 7 Producer defined D9 Day 9 Producer defined chloride amount of ionized chloride detected in sample Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 46.2 58.6 milligrams per liter 0.1 doc amount of dissolved organic carbon detected in sample Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 6.18 9.45 milligrams per liter 0.01 sulfate amount of ionized sulfate detected in sample Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 1.5 1.5 millgrams per liter 0.1 calcium amount of ionized calcium detected in sample Producer Defined 34277 90866 micrograms per liter 1 magnesium amount of ionized magnesium detected in sample Producer Defined 15697 18879 micrograms per liter 1 sodium amount of ionized sodium detected in sample Producer Defined 22365 24771 micrograms per liter 1 potassium amount of ionized potassium detected in sample Producer Defined 3605 4543 micrograms per liter 1 date_time date and time Producer Defined MM/DD/YY HH:MM chla.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined rep replicate number Producer Defined 1 3 replicate 1 date date sample was collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYYY bdl value below detection limit Producer Defined NA not applicable; sample is not below detection limit Producer defined BD sample is below detection limit of 1 microgram per liter Producer defined chla amount of chlorophyll a detected in sample Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 0.48 8.01 micrograms per liter 0.01 condition.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined species test animal species Producer Defined YEP yellow perch (Perca flavescens) Producer defined BLG bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Producer defined FHM fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) Producer defined LMB largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) Producer defined ZEB zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Producer defined MUS fatmucket mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) Producer defined mass mass of organism Producer Defined NA No Data; mass was not measured for zebra mussels and fatmuckets. Producer defined 1.16 10.70 grams 0.01 length length of test animals; for fish species, resolution is 1, and for mussel species, resolution is 0.01 YEP, BLG, FHM, length only recorded to nearest mm Producer Defined 10.99 108.00 millimeters 0.01 copper.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined day Day number of treatment Producer Defined Day number of treatment (Day 0 through Day 10 were treated; Day 11 and above are post treatment. hour hour of treatment day Producer Defined Defined for purposes of tracking treatment by hour during exposure days. pre_1d was 1 day before treatment initiation. H1 through H12 are hours 1 through 12 of a particular treatment day. OFF represents sampling on non treatment days. post_1d through post_90d represent days 1 through 90 post treatment. post_1y through post_3y represent years 1 through 3 post treatment. below_limit amount of copper below limit Producer Defined NA No Applicable; measurement is above detection and quantification Producer defined BQ Below quantification; limit of quantification is 4.7 micrograms per liter Producer defined BD Below detection; limit of detection is is 2.0 micrograms per liter Producer defined copper amount of ionized copper detected in sample Producer Defined NA No Applicable; measurement was below detection or below quantification Producer defined 3.3 226.5 micrograms per liter 0.1 date date sample was collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYY time time sample was collected Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined HH:MM dive_survey.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined trans transect line number quadrat was sampled on Producer Defined L1 line 1 Producer defined L2 line 2 Producer defined L3 line 3 Producer defined L4 line 4 Producer defined quad quadrat replicate number Producer Defined Q1 quadrat 1 Producer defined Q10 quadrat 10 Producer defined Q11 quadrat 11 Producer defined Q12 quadrat 12 Producer defined Q2 quadrat 2 Producer defined Q3 quadrat 3 Producer defined Q4 quadrat 4 Producer defined Q5 quadrat 5 Producer defined Q6 quadrat 6 Producer defined Q7 quadrat 7 Producer defined Q8 quadrat 8 Producer defined Q9 quadrat 9 Producer defined alive number of alive zebra mussels enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 245 individuals 1 dead number of dead zebra mussels enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 222 individuals 1 date date survey was conducted and sample was collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYY note note Producer Defined 0 = no note; 1 = ">100" recorded for alive; 2 = ">100" recorded for dead; 3 = date given as range 7/17/2019 to 7/18/2019, reported as 7/17/2019; 4 = date given as range 9/3/2019 to 9/9/6/2019, reported as 9/5/2019; 5 = date reported as July 2020, will report as 7/15/2020 mort.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined species species of test animal Producer Defined ZEB zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Producer defined MUS fatmucket mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) Producer defined FHM fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) Producer defined BLG bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Producer defined LMB largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) Producer defined YEP yellow perch (Perca flavescens) Producer defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined alive number of test animal observed to be alive Producer Defined 1 49 individuals 1 rec total number of test animals recovered Producer Defined 2 50 individuals 1 date date samples were collected Producer Defined 8/1/2019 MM/DD/YYYY Producer defined plates.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined rep sample replicate Producer Defined 1 3 replicate 1 plate plate number Producer Defined Each sampler contained a vertical stack of 4 horizontal plates numbered 1, 2, 3, and 4, with 1 being the top and 4 being the bottom. The two center plates of each sample were collected and used for enumeration. The top and bottom plates (numbers 1 and 4) were discarded as they were often damaged when retrieving samplers. Plates are identified as 2 (for plate number 2), 3 (for plate number 3), or 23 (plates 2 and 3 were scraped and sample was combined). count count of zebra mussels Producer Defined NA Not Applicable. Plate was not scraped and zebra mussels were not enumerated for one of four reasons: plates were covered in sponge and zebra mussels mostly did not settle, plate sampler had been tipped over and were in below sediment so zebra mussels did not settle, plate sampler was not recovered by SCUBA diver, or the sample was spilled during enumeration and could not be accurately counted Producer defined 0 18669 individuals 1 date date sampler was recovered Producer Defined MM/DD/YYYY comment comment Producer Defined <null> no comment, plate was recovered, scraped, and enumerated Producer defined omitted sampler plate was not enumerated as sampler was not recovered by SCUBA diver Producer defined sponge; omitted sample plate was not enumerated as the plate was covered mostly in sponge and zebra mussels didn't actively settle. Producer defined spilled sample; omitted sample could not be accurately counted as the sample was spilled during enumeration Producer defined tipped sampler; not enumerated sampler plate was not enumerated as sampler was found to be tipped over and plates were in the sediment and zebra mussels did not readily settle on plates Producer defined both plates plates 2 and 3 were scraped and scrapings were pooled together Producer defined qaqc sample was counted twice by two separate enumerators for quality control Producer defined secchi.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined rep replicate number Producer Defined 1 3 replicate 1 obs observation replicate; observation one was when secchi observation number. Observation 1 was when secchi was lowered until it could not be seen; observation 2 was when secchi was raised back up until it could be seen again Producer Defined 1 2 observation 1 depth greatest depth at which secchi disk could be seen by observer Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 1.4 6.5 meters 0.1 date date sample was collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYYY thermocline.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined rep replicate number Producer Defined 1 3 replicate 1 date date sample was collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYYY depth depth of measurement Producer Defined 0.1 10.1 meters 0.1 temp temperature observed Producer Defined 11.248 28.125 degrees celsius 0.001 density water density calculated as (1-(T+288.9414)/(508929.2*(T+68.12963))*(T-3.9863)^2) where T=Temperature (°C) Producer Defined 0.99623 0.99961 Water density in grams per milliliter 0.00001 delta_rho delta rho is A log that shows the magnitude of the correction applied to the long-spacing detector of a density measurement. scientific notation to 2 decimal points reported. Producer Defined . Not determine Producer defined 0.00 6.95E-04 NA 0.01 rtr relative thermal resistance Producer Defined . Not determine Producer defined 0.00 8.69 NA 0.01 tissue_copper.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined buoy Buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined species species of test animal Producer Defined FHM fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) Producer defined LMB largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) Producer defined YEP yellow perch (Perca flavescens) Producer defined BLG bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) Producer defined ZEB zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) Producer defined MUS fatmucket mussel (Lampsilis siliquoidea) Producer defined rep sample replicate Producer Defined 1 5 replicate 1 copper copper concentration found in sampled test animal tissue Producer Defined 0.36 60.81 milligrams per liter 0.01 water_chem.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined buoy buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined ph pH Producer Defined 7.92 8.98 standard units 0.01 do dissolved oxygen Producer Defined 5.94 11.97 milligrams per liter 0.01 temp temperature Producer Defined 7.0 29.0 degrees celsius 0.1 cond specific conductance Producer Defined NA No Data Producer defined 335 483 micro Siemens per centimeter 1 date date sample was collected Producer Defined MM/DD/YYYY zoop.csv Comma Separated Value (CSV) file containing data. Producer Defined year year sample was collected Producer Defined 2019 2022 years 1 month month sample was collected Producer Defined 6 8 months 1 day day of month sample was collected Producer Defined 2 27 days 1 bay bay sample was collected from Producer Defined ROB Robinson Bay Producer defined SAB St. Alban's Bay Producer defined buoy Buoy sample was collected from Producer Defined B1 Buoy 1 Producer defined B2 Buoy 2 Producer defined B3 Buoy 3 Producer defined B4 Buoy 4 Producer defined B5 Buoy 5 Producer defined rep sample replicate Producer Defined 1 3 replicate 1 Bosminidae number of Bosminidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 32 individuals 1 Chydoridae number of Chydoridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 11 individuals 1 Cyclopidae number of Cyclopidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 2 158 individuals 1 Daphniidae number of Daphniidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 30 individuals 1 Diaptomidae number of Diaptomidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 105 individuals 1 Dreissenidae number of Dreissenidae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 40 individuals 1 Leptodoridae number of Leptodoridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 1 individuals 1 ostracod number of ostracod enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 6 individuals 1 Sididae number of Sididae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 26 individuals 1 Temoridae number of Temoridae enumerated in sample Producer Defined 0 17 individuals 1 GS ScienceBase U.S. Geological Survey mailing address

Denver Federal Center, Building 810, Mail Stop 302

Denver CO 80225 United States 1-888-275-8747 sciencebase@usgs.gov Unless otherwise stated, all data, metadata and related materials are considered to satisfy the quality standards relative to the purpose for which the data were collected. Although these data and associated metadata have been reviewed for accuracy and completeness and approved for release by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty expressed or implied is made regarding the display or utility of the data on any other system or for general or scientific purposes, nor shall the act of distribution constitute any such warranty. Digital Data https://doi.org/10.5066/P14JBUQU None 20250422 Diane Waller USGS Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center Research Fishery Biologist mailing and physical

2630 Fanta Reed Rd

La Crosse WI 54603 USA 6087836451 6087836066 dwaller@usgs.gov FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata FGDC-STD-001.1-1999